Kappa Cygni: Difference between revisions

κ Cygni
	Location of κ Cygni (circled)
Observation data; Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0
Constellation	Cygnus
Right ascension	19h 17m 06.16865s
Declination	+53° 22′ 06.4534″
Apparent magnitude (V)	3.814
Characteristics
Spectral type	G9 III
U−B color index	+0.767
B−V color index	+0.965
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	–29.3 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: +60.07 mas/yr ; Dec.: +122.83 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	26.27 ± 0.10 mas
Distance	124.2 ± 0.5 ly ; (38.1 ± 0.1 pc)
Details
Radius	8–9 R☉
Surface gravity (log g)	2.7 cgs
Temperature	4,920 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.13 ± 0.07 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	3.7 km/s
Other designations
	1 Cyg, BD+53 2216, FK5 726, HR 7328, HD 181276, SAO 31537, HIP 94779.
Database references
SIMBAD	data

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Kappa Cygni (κ Cyg) is a star in the northern constellation of Cygnus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.8,^[2] which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. In the constellation, it forms the tip of Cygnus the swan's left wing.^[8] The radiant of the minor Kappa Cygnids meteor shower is located about 5° north of this star.^[9]

Examination of this star's spectrum show it to match a stellar classification of G9 III,^[3] with the 'III' luminosity class revealing that it has consumed the hydrogen fuel at its core and expanded into the giant star stage of its stellar evolution. It is known to vary in luminosity, but only by about 0.01 to 0.02 magnitudes.^[10] The measured angular diameter of this star, after correction for limb darkening, is 2.07 ± 0.09 mas.^[11] At an estimated distance of 124.2 light-years (38.1 parsecs) based on parallax measurements,^[1] this yields a physical size of about 8–9 times the radius of the Sun.^[5] The outer envelope has an effective temperature of 4,920 K,^[6] giving it the yellow-orange hue of a star near the transition from a G- to a K-type classification.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Jennens, P. A.; Helfer, H. L. (September 1975), "A new photometric metal abundance and luminosity calibration for field G and K giants.", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 172: 667–679, Bibcode:1975MNRAS.172..667J, doi:10.1093/mnras/172.3.667
^ ^a ^b Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973), "Spectral Classification", Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11: 29–50, Bibcode:1973ARA&A..11...29M, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333
^ Wielen, R.; et al. (1999), "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions", Veröff. Astron. Rechen-Inst. Heidelb, 35, Veröffentlichungen des Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg: 1, Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W
^ ^a ^b Lang, Kenneth R. (2006), Astrophysical formulae, Astronomy and astrophysics library, vol. 1 (3 ed.), Birkhäuser, ISBN 3-540-29692-1. The radius (R_*) is given by:
${\begin{aligned}2\cdot R_{*}&={\frac {(10^{-3}\cdot 38.1\cdot 2.07)\ {\text{AU}}}{0.0046491\ {\text{AU}}/R_{\bigodot }}}\\&\approx 17\cdot R_{\bigodot }\end{aligned}}$
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Massarotti, Alessandro; et al. (January 2008), "Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity", The Astronomical Journal, 135 (1): 209–231, Bibcode:2008AJ....135..209M, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209
^ Puzeras, E.; et al. (October 2010), "High-resolution spectroscopic study of red clump stars in the Galaxy: iron-group elements", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 408 (2): 1225–1232, arXiv:1006.3857, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408.1225P, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17195.x
^ Consolmagno, Guy; Davis, Dan M. (2011), Turn Left at Orion: Hundreds of Night Sky Objects to See in a Home Telescope - and How to Find Them (4th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 134, ISBN 0-521-15397-2
^ Stegmüller, Wolfgang (1979), The structuralist view of theories: a possible analogue of the Bourbaki programme in physical science, Astronomers' Observing Guides, Springer, p. 82, ISBN 0-387-09460-1
^ Adelman, Saul J. (2001), "On the Photometric Variability of Red Clump Giants", Baltic Astronomy, 10: 593–597, Bibcode:2001BaltA..10..593A
^ Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (February 2005), "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 431 (2): 773–777, Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039
^ "The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, December 21, 2004, archived from the original on March 10, 2012, retrieved 2012-01-16 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[aaa474_2_653-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357

[mnras172_667-2] Jennens, P. A.; Helfer, H. L. (September 1975), "A new photometric metal abundance and luminosity calibration for field G and K giants.", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 172: 667–679, Bibcode:1975MNRAS.172..667J, doi:10.1093/mnras/172.3.667

[araa11_29-3] Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973), "Spectral Classification", Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11: 29–50, Bibcode:1973ARA&A..11...29M, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333

[fk6_1999-4] Wielen, R.; et al. (1999), "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions", Veröff. Astron. Rechen-Inst. Heidelb, 35, Veröffentlichungen des Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg: 1, Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W

[lang2006-5] Lang, Kenneth R. (2006), Astrophysical formulae, Astronomy and astrophysics library, vol. 1 (3 ed.), Birkhäuser, ISBN 3-540-29692-1. The radius (R_*) is given by:
${\begin{aligned}2\cdot R_{*}&={\frac {(10^{-3}\cdot 38.1\cdot 2.07)\ {\text{AU}}}{0.0046491\ {\text{AU}}/R_{\bigodot }}}\\&\approx 17\cdot R_{\bigodot }\end{aligned}}$

[aj135_1_209-6] Massarotti, Alessandro; et al. (January 2008), "Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity", The Astronomical Journal, 135 (1): 209–231, Bibcode:2008AJ....135..209M, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209

[mnras408_2_1225-7] Puzeras, E.; et al. (October 2010), "High-resolution spectroscopic study of red clump stars in the Galaxy: iron-group elements", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 408 (2): 1225–1232, arXiv:1006.3857, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408.1225P, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17195.x

[consolmagno_Davis2011-8] Consolmagno, Guy; Davis, Dan M. (2011), Turn Left at Orion: Hundreds of Night Sky Objects to See in a Home Telescope - and How to Find Them (4th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 134, ISBN 0-521-15397-2

[stegmuller1979-9] Stegmüller, Wolfgang (1979), The structuralist view of theories: a possible analogue of the Bourbaki programme in physical science, Astronomers' Observing Guides, Springer, p. 82, ISBN 0-387-09460-1

[ba10_593-10] Adelman, Saul J. (2001), "On the Photometric Variability of Red Clump Giants", Baltic Astronomy, 10: 593–597, Bibcode:2001BaltA..10..593A

[aaa431_773-11] Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (February 2005), "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 431 (2): 773–777, Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039

[csiro-12] "The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, December 21, 2004, archived from the original on March 10, 2012, retrieved 2012-01-16 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 <ref name=ba10_593>{{citation | last1=Adelman | first1=Saul J. | title=On the Photometric Variability of Red Clump Giants | journal=Baltic Astronomy | volume=10 | pages=593–597 | year=2001 | bibcode=2001BaltA..10..593A }}</ref>
-<ref name=csiro>{{citation | title=The Colour of Stars | date=December 21, 2004 | work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education | publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation  | url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | accessdate=2012-01-16 }}</ref>
+<ref name=csiro>{{citation|title=The Colour of Stars |date=December 21, 2004 |work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education |publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |accessdate=2012-01-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6630AbtJZ?url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |archivedate=March 10, 2012 |df= }}</ref>
 }}

Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0
Location of κ Cygni (circled)
Constellation	Cygnus
Right ascension	19^h 17^m 06.16865^s^[1]
Declination	+53° 22′ 06.4534″^[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)	3.814^[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type	G9 III^[3]
U−B color index	+0.767^[2]
B−V color index	+0.965^[2]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (R_v)	–29.3^[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: +60.07^[1] mas/yr Dec.: +122.83^[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	26.27 ± 0.10 mas^[1]
Distance	124.2 ± 0.5 ly (38.1 ± 0.1 pc)

Details

Radius	8–9^[5] `R`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	2.7^[6] cgs
Temperature	4,920^[6] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.13 ± 0.07^[7] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	3.7^[6] km/s

Other designations
1 Cyg, BD+53 2216, FK5 726, HR 7328, HD 181276, SAO 31537, HIP 94779.
Database references
SIMBAD	data