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The [[Presidency armies]] were abolished with effect from 1 April 1895 when the three Presidency armies became the Indian Army.<ref name="IA">{{cite web|title=Northern Command|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=rOVaZ1oDN4Y+6g+B7wVzFA==&ParentID=pR6rWvPTFCtsMyihEuBwFg==|accessdate=4 January 2010}}</ref> The Indian Army was divided into four Commands (Bengal Command, Bombay Command, Madras Command and Punjab Command) each under a lieutenant general.<ref name="IA"/>
The [[Presidency armies]] were abolished with effect from 1 April 1895 when the three Presidency armies became the Indian Army.<ref name="IA">{{cite web|title=Northern Command|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=rOVaZ1oDN4Y+6g+B7wVzFA==&ParentID=pR6rWvPTFCtsMyihEuBwFg==|accessdate=4 January 2010}}</ref> The Indian Army was divided into four Commands (Bengal Command, Bombay Command, Madras Command and Punjab Command) each under a lieutenant general.<ref name="IA"/>


In 1908, the four commands were merged into two Armies (Northern Army and Southern Army): this system persisted until 1920 when the arrangement reverted to four commands again (Eastern Command, Northern Command, Southern Command and Western Command).<ref name="IA"/> In 1914, the Southern Army consisted of the [[4th (Quetta) Division]], the [[5th (Mhow) Division]], the [[6th (Poona) Division]], the [[9th (Secunderabad) Division]], and the [[Aden Brigade]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/army1914.html |title=THE INDIAN ARMY 1914 |publisher=Orbat.com |date=2001-03-25 |accessdate=2013-06-01}}</ref>
In 1908, the four commands were merged into two Armies (Northern Army and Southern Army): this system persisted until 1920 when the arrangement reverted to four commands again (Eastern Command, Northern Command, Southern Command and Western Command).<ref name="IA"/> In 1914, the Southern Army consisted of the [[4th (Quetta) Division]], the [[5th (Mhow) Division]], the [[6th (Poona) Division]], the [[9th (Secunderabad) Division]], and the [[Aden Brigade]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/army1914.html |title=THE INDIAN ARMY 1914 |publisher=Orbat.com |date=2001-03-25 |accessdate=2013-06-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909172657/http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/army1914.html |archivedate=9 September 2009 |df= }}</ref>


During World War II, Southern Command was reformed as Southern Army in April 1942. The formation reverted to the title Southern Command in November 1945.<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Army |accessdate=11 October 2009|publisher=OOB.com|url=http://www.ordersofbattle.com/UnitData.aspx?UniX=7163&Tab=Sup}}</ref>
During World War II, Southern Command was reformed as Southern Army in April 1942. The formation reverted to the title Southern Command in November 1945.<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Army |accessdate=11 October 2009|publisher=OOB.com|url=http://www.ordersofbattle.com/UnitData.aspx?UniX=7163&Tab=Sup}}</ref>
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==Commanders prior to Independence==
==Commanders prior to Independence==
Commanders included:<ref>[http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf Army Commands]</ref><br>
Commanders included:<ref>[http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf Army Commands] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |date=5 July 2015 }}</ref><br>
'''General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Army'''
'''General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Army'''
*1907 - Oct 1908 General [[Archibald Hunter|Sir Archibald Hunter]]
*1907 - Oct 1908 General [[Archibald Hunter|Sir Archibald Hunter]]

Revision as of 03:44, 26 May 2017

Southern Command
Southern Command's insignia today.
Active1908–present
Country India
Branch India
TypeCommand
Garrison/HQPune
Commanders
Current
commander		 Lieutenant General PM Hariz

Southern Command is a formation of the Indian Army, active since 1895. It has seen action during the integration of several Princely States into modern India, during the 1961 Indian Annexation of Goa, and during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani Wars. Lieutenant General PM Hariz is the General Officer Commanding.[1]

History

The Presidency armies were abolished with effect from 1 April 1895 when the three Presidency armies became the Indian Army.[2] The Indian Army was divided into four Commands (Bengal Command, Bombay Command, Madras Command and Punjab Command) each under a lieutenant general.[2]

In 1908, the four commands were merged into two Armies (Northern Army and Southern Army): this system persisted until 1920 when the arrangement reverted to four commands again (Eastern Command, Northern Command, Southern Command and Western Command).[2] In 1914, the Southern Army consisted of the 4th (Quetta) Division, the 5th (Mhow) Division, the 6th (Poona) Division, the 9th (Secunderabad) Division, and the Aden Brigade.[3]

During World War II, Southern Command was reformed as Southern Army in April 1942. The formation reverted to the title Southern Command in November 1945.[4]

World War II

Component divisions included:[5]

Component brigades included:[5]

Commanders prior to Independence

Commanders included:[6]
General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Army

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Army

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command

Post war

In August 1947, Southern Command had the Deccan, Madras and Bombay Areas (with HQs at Kamptee, Madras and Bombay). In 1947–48, Southern Command was largely responsible in getting Junagadh and Hyderabad to sign the instrument of accession to India.[2] 1st Armoured Division did the actual incursion into Hyderabad. In 1961, the Indian annexation of Goa was conducted by 17th Infantry Division and 50th Parachute Brigade, under the operational control of Southern Command.

In 1965–66, two further divisions were raised within the command. After fighting broke out in the Rann of Kutch in April 1965, a hastily constituted force, named Kilo Force under Maj. Gen PO Dunn was formed to contain this attack.[2] Kilo Force was later re-designated as 11 Infantry Division. In September 1965, the operational responsibility for the Barmer sector was given to Southern Command and entrusted to 11 Infantry Division. Delhi and Rajasthan Area, with its Advance Headquarters at Jodhpur, fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 under Western Command. On 3 November 1966, this formation was redesignated 12th Infantry Division, under Major General J.F.R. Jacob, and also placed under Southern Command.

Today the command headquarters is located at Pune Cantonment in Pune, Maharashtra.[7] It consists of two corps and two military areas.[2] The two areas appear to be : one at Mumbai (formerly Bombay), the Maharashtra Goa and Gujarat Area (MG&G Area), responsible for those states; and one at Chennai, the Andhra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala Area (ATNK&K Area) responsible for Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.[8]

The Southern Command encompasses nine states and four union territories which covers about 40% of India.[2] In 2005, some changes to the command's boundaries were made when a new South Western Command was established.

Its components include:[9]

Notes

  1. ^ "Lt Gen Hariz takes over as General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Command". Indian Express. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Northern Command". Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  3. ^ "THE INDIAN ARMY 1914". Orbat.com. 25 March 2001. Archived from the original on 9 September 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Southern Army". OOB.com. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  5. ^ a b "Southern Army Subordinates". OOB.com. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  6. ^ Army Commands Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Operational Commands of The Indian Army". Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  8. ^ Renaldi and Rikhye, 2011, p. 18
  9. ^ "Southern Command". GlobalSecurity. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  10. ^ Armed Forces
  11. ^ Army cycle mission to cover 20 forts, Times of India, 4 January 2008
  12. ^ Renaldi and Rikhye, 2011, p.28
  13. ^ Source for areas' names and headquarters is the Indian Army Southern Command website, accessed August 2010

Sources

  • Rinaldi, Richard; Rikhye, Ravi (2011). Indian Army Order of Battle. General Data. ISBN 978-0982054178.

Template:Indian Army Commands

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