1984 Northern Sumatra earthquake: Difference between revisions
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==Tectonic setting== |
==Tectonic setting== |
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The island of Sumatra lies on the [[Convergent boundary|convergent plate boundary]] between the [[Indo-Australian Plate]] and the [[Eurasian Plate]]. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure [[Fault (geology)#Fault types|dip-slip faulting]] along the subduction zone, known as the [[Sunda megathrust]], and near pure [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip faulting]] along the [[Great Sumatran fault]]. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of [[megathrust]] type. Historically, megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in [[1797 Sumatra earthquake|1797]], [[1833 Sumatra earthquake|1833]], [[1861 Sumatra earthquake|1861]], [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|2004]], [[2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake|2005]] and [[September 2007 Sumatra earthquake|2007]], most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in [[1935 Sumatra earthquake|1935]], 1984, [[2000 Sumatra earthquake|2000]] and [[2002 Sumatra earthquake|2002]].<ref name="Natawidjaja">{{cite journal|last=Natawidjaja|first=D. H.|author2=Sieh K.|author2-link=Kerry Sieh|author3=Chlieh M.|author4=Galetzka J.|author5=Suwargadi B.W.|author6= |
The island of Sumatra lies on the [[Convergent boundary|convergent plate boundary]] between the [[Indo-Australian Plate]] and the [[Eurasian Plate]]. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure [[Fault (geology)#Fault types|dip-slip faulting]] along the subduction zone, known as the [[Sunda megathrust]], and near pure [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip faulting]] along the [[Great Sumatran fault]]. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of [[megathrust]] type. Historically, megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in [[1797 Sumatra earthquake|1797]], [[1833 Sumatra earthquake|1833]], [[1861 Sumatra earthquake|1861]], [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|2004]], [[2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake|2005]] and [[September 2007 Sumatra earthquake|2007]], most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in [[1935 Sumatra earthquake|1935]], 1984, [[2000 Sumatra earthquake|2000]] and [[2002 Sumatra earthquake|2002]].<ref name="Natawidjaja">{{cite journal|last=Natawidjaja |first=D. H. |author2=Sieh K. |author2-link=Kerry Sieh |author3=Chlieh M. |author4=Galetzka J. |author5=Suwargadi B.W. |author6=Cheng H. |author7=Edwards R.L. |author8=Avouac J.-P. |author9=Ward S. N. |last-author-amp=yes |year=2006 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |title=Source parameters of the great Sumatran megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 inferred from coral microatolls |volume=111 |issue=B06403 |url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P06e.pdf |doi=10.1029/2005JB004025 |accessdate=25 November 2010 |bibcode=2006JGRB..11106403N |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012210241/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P06e.pdf |archivedate=12 October 2009 |df= }}</ref> The deformation velocity in the offshore Sumatra fore-arc region is estimated to be 19 mm/yr along N45° near the equator, with compression being the dominant deformation.<ref>http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/mar102006/690.pdf</ref> The 1984 earthquake occurred in the same gap as the 1935 event. |
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==Characteristics== |
==Characteristics== |
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Revision as of 22:47, 15 June 2017
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| UTC time | ?? |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 7.2 Mw |
| Depth | 33 kilometres (21 mi) |
| Epicenter | 0°12′N 98°02′E / 0.20°N 98.03°E |
| Areas affected | Indonesia |
The 1984 Northern Sumatra earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.2 on November 17 at 06:49 UTC. The epicentre was located off the coast of Sumatra, near the island of Nias, where building damage was reported. This earthquake could be strongly felt in parts of Northern Sumatra, including Padang and Medan. The focal mechanism corresponded to reverse faulting.[1][2]
Tectonic setting
The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004, 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in 1935, 1984, 2000 and 2002.[3] The deformation velocity in the offshore Sumatra fore-arc region is estimated to be 19 mm/yr along N45° near the equator, with compression being the dominant deformation.[4] The 1984 earthquake occurred in the same gap as the 1935 event.
Characteristics
The earthquake was caused by a rupture of the subduction interface. The focal depth was about 27 km and the fault plane dipped at 12°. This earthquake contained mainly a down-dip convergence but also a right-lateral displacement.[2]
See also
References
- ^ USGS (2010). "Significant Earthquakes of the World 1984". Retrieved 25 November 2010.
- ^ a b Rivera, L.; Sieh K.; Helmberger D.; Natawidjaja D. (2002). "A Comparative Study of the Sumatran Subduction-Zone Earthquakes of 1935 and 1984" (PDF). Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 92: 1721–1736. Bibcode:2002BuSSA..92.1721R. doi:10.1785/0120010106. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Natawidjaja, D. H.; Sieh K.; Chlieh M.; Galetzka J.; Suwargadi B.W.; Cheng H.; Edwards R.L.; Avouac J.-P.; Ward S. N. (2006). "Source parameters of the great Sumatran megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 inferred from coral microatolls" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 111 (B06403). Bibcode:2006JGRB..11106403N. doi:10.1029/2005JB004025. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/mar102006/690.pdf