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Year Microbiologist Country Contribution summary
1860 Ignaz Semmelweis Hungarian developed statistical analysis that demonstrated that rigorous hand-washing techniques and rules in the maternity ward significantly reduced the mortality of women giving birth in the hospital setting.[1]
36BC Marcus Terentius Varro Roman earliest proposal of the germ theory.[2][3][4]
1884 Hans Christian Gram Denmark Developed the gram-staining technique that is used to identify and classify bacteria.[5]
1898 Kiyoshi Shiga isolated a cause of bacterial dysentery.[5][6]
1880 Charles Lavaran France discovered malaria is caused by a protozoan.[5]
1951 Max Theiler South Africa Received the Nobel Prized in Physiology and Medicine "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"[7]
1870 Joseph Lister Scotland created and applied aseptic surgical technique.[5][8]
1765 Lazzaro Spallanzani Italian proved that bacteria did not arise due to spontaneous generation by developing the sealed, sterile broth medium.[5][9]
1901 Emil Adolf von Behring Germany The Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine" for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"[10]
1861 Louis Pasteur French developed the germ theory of disease, identified yeast as the responsible agent in fermentation, developed pasteurization, proved that bacteria do not arise spontaneously, trained other microbiologists.[5]
1884 Fannie Hess German Discovered the use of agar agar that is used in bacterial culturing.[5][11]
1796 Edward Jenner English discovered and applied vaccination techniques against smallpox.[5]
1673 Antony van Leeuwenhoek Dutch/Holland developed lens grinding and the first microscope. provided the first description of 'animicules', protozoans, fungi and bacteria.
1952 Selman Abraham Waksman United States received the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for the identification of streptomycin; an antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"[12]
1902 Sir Ronald Ross United Kingdom
India 		The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"[13]
1905 Robert Koch Germany The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"[14]
1907 Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran France The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases"[15]
1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg Austria The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"[16]
1928 Charles Jules Henri Nicolle France "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on typhus"[17]
1939 Gerhard Domagk Germany The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil"[18]
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1945 Sir Alexander Fleming United Kingdom The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"[19]
Sir Ernst Boris Chain United Kingdom
Howard Walter Florey Australia

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-65)". London, UK: Science Museum, London-Brought To Life, Exploring the History of Medicine. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  2. ^ Adler, Robert (2004). Medical firsts : from Hippocrates to the human genome. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0471401759. "Precautions must also be taken in the neighborhood of swamps...because certain minute creatures grow there which cannot be seen by the eyes, which float in the air and enter the through the mouth and nose and there cause serious diseases.
  3. ^ (R.R. I.12.2) (The Mole magazine, Royal Society of Chemistry, March 2014 issue, p. 3)
  4. ^ 2,000 Years of Changing Perspectives on Malaria: 2,000 Years of Changing Perspectives on Malaria, accessdate: September 9, 2015
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Pommerville, Jeffery C. (2014). Fundamentals Of Microbiology. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9781449688615.
  6. ^ A. F. Trofa, H. Ueno-Olsen, R. Oiwa, M. Yoshikawa: Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga: Discoverer of the Dysentery Bacillus. In: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 29, 1999, S. 1303, doi:10.1086/313437.
  7. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  8. ^ "Joseph Lister (1827-1912)". London, UK: Science Museum, London-Brought To Life, Exploring the History of Medicine. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  9. ^ dictionary of medical eponyms: Whonamedit - dictionary of medical eponyms, accessdate: September 9, 2015
  10. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  11. ^ Walter and Fanny Hesse: Walter and Fanny Hesse, accessdate: September 9, 2015
  12. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  13. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902". Nobelprize.org. 2014. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  14. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905". Nobelprize.org. 2014. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  15. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  16. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  17. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  18. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  19. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-09-07.

Category:Microbiologists Category:Microbiologists by nationality

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