Paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands

The paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands includes all plant and fungi fossils preserved in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Lagerstätten. The highlands are a series of Early Eocene geological formations which span an 1,000 km (620 mi) transect of British Columbia, Canada and Washington state, United States and are known for the diverse and detailed plant fossils which represent an upland temperate ecosystem immediately after the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and before the increased cooling of the middle and late Eocene to Oligocene. The fossiliferous deposits of the region were noted as early as 1873, with small amounts of systematic work happening in the 1880-90s on British Columbian sites, and 1920-30s for Washington sites. A returned focus and more detailed descriptive work on the Okanagan Highlands sites revived in the 1970's. The noted richness of agricultural plant families in Republic and Princeton floras resulted in the term "Eocene orchards" being used for the paleofloras.

Paleoflora

The Eocene Okanagan Highlands hosted a diverse mix of temperate and tropical paleobiotic elements,^[1] with the forests having the first significant proportions of temperate plants in North America.^[2] The paleobotanical community was a mixture of plants found in subtropical evergreen and temperate deciduous forests.^[1] Included in the forest were a number of important modern temperate flowering plant families such as Betulaceae, Rosaceae, and Sapindaceae, plus the conifer family Pinaceae. Study of the deciduous plants from the highlands has documented the occurrence of heteromorphic leaves derived from sun versus shade conditions and long shoot or short shoot buds.^[2] The paleobotanical community of the Republic area has been noted as the most diverse floral community of the Okanagan highlands, with some estimates ranging to over 68 families and 134 genera being present.^[3] The noted richness of Rosaceae fossils along with other important agricultural plant families found in the Republic and Princeton floras, including the genera that contain modern apples, blackberries, cherries, and serviceberries resulted in Wes Wher and Donald Hopkins (1994) coining the term "Eocene orchards".^[4]^[5] Fossil evidence from both Sorbus/Crataegus and Rhus leaves in the Republic sites indicate the area was a center for species overlap and active hybridization events.^[2]

Extent

The majority of the lake deposits are compression fossils in lake bed sediments grouped informally into "Northern", "Central", and "Southern" sites.^[6] The Northern sites are comprised of unnamed Ootsa Group formations which outcrop as the "Driftwood shales" near Smithers, British Columbia, sites now considered lost in the Quesnel, British Columbia area,^[7] and the "Horsefly shales", of an unnamed formation and unnamed group which outcrop around Horsefly, British Columbia.^[6] The Central sites represent Kamloops Group formations with the McAbee Fossil Beds, Tranquille River site and Falkland site, all in the Tranquille Formation, the Quichena site and Stump Lake site in the Coldwater Beds and outcrops of the Chu Chua Formation near Barriere, British Columbia. The Southern sites include the Princeton Group Allenby Formation sites surrounding Princeton, British Columbia, such as "Nine Mile Creek", "One Mile Creek", "Pleasant Valley", "Thomas Ranch", "Vermilian Bluffs", and "Whipsaw Creek". The most southerly of the Okanagan Highlands lakes, the Klondike Mountain Formation in Northern Ferry County, Washington include the "Boot Hill", "Corner Lot", "Gold Mountain", "Knob Hill", and "Mount Elizabeth" localities.^[6] Closely correlated with the Klondike Mountain Formation are the Penticton groups Kettle River, Marama and Marron Formations in the Boundary District along the Canada-United States border.^[8]

There is debate as to the affiliation of the, now lost, Quesnel outcrops with the Greater Okanagan Highlands. Archibald et al (2018) in the monograph overview of the Highlands Hymenoptera included them as part of the series. However the certainty for the placement was later questioned by Archibald and Cannings (2022) who opted to tentatively exclude Quesnel from the highlands while discussing the history of field collecting in the region.^[7]

Chert and amber

Additionally two important non-compression biotas are present in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands. A permineralized chert flora, the Princeton Chert is found along the Similkameen River interbedded with coal deposits of the Ashnola shale unit, Allenby Formation known for anatomically preserved plants.^[9] In the Central sites, subbituminous coal of the Hat Creek Coal Formation around Hat Creek hosts an amber fauna, the Hat Creek amber which preserves many small insects that would likely not be found in the compression biotas.^[10]

Diatoms

Two algae taxa of the protist order Ochrophyta have been described from the highlands, and are placed in the family Aulacoseiraceae, a member of the diatom order Bacillariophyceae,.^[11] The third algae is identified as a living paleoendemic Mallomonas species now restricted to warmer climates in North America and Europe.^[12]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes
Aulacoseiraceae	Aulacoseira	"Undescribed"^[11]	Horsefly	An aulacoseiraceous diatom Not described to species
Aulacoseiraceae	†Eoseira	†Eoseira wilsonii^[13]	Horsefly	An aulacoseiraceous diatom
Mallomonadaceae	Mallomonas	Mallomonas intermedia^[12]	Horsefly	An mallomonadaceous synurid algae Extant, and considered a paleoendemic species for Canada

Bryophytes

A group of six mosses were described from the Allenby Formation by Kuc (1972,1974) representing the genera Ditrichites, Hypnites and Plagiopodopsis, with two species placed in the morphogenus Muscites.^[14]^[15] Further revision of the fossils was conducted by Milner (1980), who placed two species into the genus Plagiopodopsis and moved both species described as Palaeohypnum to other genera.^[16] One further moss has been described from Horsefly, and placed in the living genus Aulacomnium by Janssens et al (1979).^[17] Dillhoff et al. (2013) reference undescribed moss specimens from the Klondike Mountain Formation known from vegetative gametophytes.^[18]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Aulacomniaceae	Aulacomnium	†Aulacomnium heterostichoides^[17]	Horsefly	An aulacomniaceous moss
?Ditrichaceae	†Ditrichites	†Ditrichites fylesi^[15]	Princeton	A ditrichaceous moss
Amblystegiaceae	Hypnites	†Hypnites jovet-astiae^[15]^[16]	Princeton	An amblystegiaceous moss, First described as Palaeohypnum jovet-asti, moved to Hypnites jovet-astiae in 1980
Amblystegiaceae	Hypnites	†Hypnites steerei^[15]^[16]	Princeton	An amblystegiaceous moss First described as Palaeohypnum steerei, moved to Hypnites steerei in 1980
Bartramiaceae	†Plagiopodopsis	†Plagiopodopsis eocenicus^[14]^[16]	Princeton	A bartramiaceous moss First described as Muscites eocenicus, moved to Plagiopodopsis eocenicus in 1980
Incertae sedis	†Muscites	†Muscites maycocki^[15]	Princeton	A moss of uncertain placement
Incertae sedis	†Muscites	Muscites ritchiei^[15]	Princeton	A moss of uncertain placement
Undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed^[18]	Horsefly Princeton Republic	Undescribed moss specimens	undescribed bryophyte

Lycophytes

Both an undescribed member of the fossil quillwort genus Isoetites^[19] and the spikemoss genus Selaginella^[20] have been found in the Klondike Mountain Formation, while an additional fossil deemed Cf. Selaginella was later reported from the Allenby Formation.^[18]

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Isoetaceae	†Isoetites	Undescribed^[19]	Republic	A quillwort relative Not described	Isoetites species
Selaginellaceae	Selaginella	Undescribed^[20]	Republic	A spikemoss Not described	Selaginella species
Selaginellaceae	Cf. Selaginella	Undescribed^[18]	Princeton	A spikemoss from the Thomas Ranch site. Not described

Pteridophytes

Four species of ferns and fern relatives have been described from the compression biotas and an additional four compression taxa that have been tentatively identified to family or genus. A series of four additional ferns have been described from premineralized specimens in the Princeton Chert and a fifth taxon is identified to genus.

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Athyriaceae	†Dickwhitea	†Dickwhitea allenbyensis^[21]	Princeton Chert	An athyriaceous fern
Athyriaceae	†Makotopteris	†Makotopteris princetonensis^[22]	Princeton Chert	An athyriaceous fern
Blechnaceae	Woodwardia	†Woodwardia arctica^[23]	Chu Chua	A blechnacious fern First identified as Woodwardia maxoni^[24]
Blechnaceae	†Trawetsia	†Trawetsia princetonensis^[25]	Princeton Chert	A blechnacious fern
Cystopteridaceae	Cf. Cystopteris	Undescribed^[20]	Republic	A possible bladder fern relative. Not identified to species
Dennstaedtiaceae	Dennstaedtia	†Dennstaedtia christophelii^[26]	Falkland Republic	A Hayscented fern	Dennstaedtia christophelii
Dennstaedtiaceae	†Dennstaedtiopsis	†Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata^[27]	Princeton Chert	A dennstaedtioid fern
Equisetaceae	Equisetum	†Equisetum similkamense^[28]^[29]^[24]^[23]	Chu chua Princeton	A scouring rush Berry (1926) suggested the species was a synonym of Equisetum boreale.^[24]
Equisetaceae	Equisetum	Undescribed^[30]^[20]^[31]	Hat Creek Republic	A scouring rush. Not identified to species	Equisetum species Not described
Hymenophyllaceae	Hymenophyllum	†Hymenophyllum axsmithii^[26]	Republic	A filmy fern
Lygodiaceae	Lygodium	Undescribed^[20]	Republic	A climbing fern. Not identified to species
Osmundaceae	Osmunda	Undescribed^[32]^[31]	Driftwood Horsefly Princeton Princeton Chert	An osmundaceous fern Not identified to species
Salviniaceae	Azolla	†Azolla primaeva^[33]	Princeton Quilchena Republic	A mosquito fern, First described as Azollophyllum primaevum
Salviniaceae	Azolla	Undescribed^[34]^[23]	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Quilchena	A mosquito fern, Not identified to species
Salviniaceae	Salvinia	Undescribed^[23]	Republic	A "watermoss" species. Not identified to species. Found only at the Mt Elizabeth site.	Salvinia species not described

Gymnosperms

Three major groups of gymnosperms are present in the Okanagan Highlands formations, with the most speciose being the pinophytes. The ginkgophytes are represented by two species of Ginkgo, while an undescribed Zamiaceae member is the sole cycadophyte.

Cycadophytes

Name	Authority	Year	Family	Notes	Images
Zamiaceae	Undescribed	Undescribed^[35]^[36]	Republic	A zamiaceous cycad. Not described to genus/species	Undescribed zamiaceous leaf

Gingkophytes

Name	Authority	Year	Family	Notes	Images
Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo	Ginkgo biloba^[37]^[36]^[24]	Chu chua Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A ginkgo, Possibly belonging to †Ginkgo adiantoides instead.^[24]	Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo	†Ginkgo dissecta^[37]^[36]^[38]	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A ginkgo	Ginkgo dissecta
Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[34]^[23]	Chu Chua Driftwood Hat Creek Horsefly Quilchena	A ginkgo Not described to species

Conifers

Cupressaceae

Name	Authority	Year	Subfamily	Notes	Images
Cunninghamioideae	Cunninghamia	Undescribed^[36]	Driftwood McAbee Princeton Republic	A Cunninghamia Not described to species	Cunninghamia species.
Cupressoideae	Calocedrus	Undescribed^[36]^[34]	Quilchena Republic	An incense cedar Not described to species
Cupressoideae	Chamaecyparis	†Chamaecyparis linguaefolia^[39]	Princeton	A false cypress
Cupressoideae	Chamaecyparis	Undescribed^[40]^[36]^[31]^[38]^[23]^[34]	Driftwood Falkland McAbee Quilchena Republic	A false cypress Not described to species Possibly in the Callitropsis nootkatensis lineage.^[41]
Cupressoideae	Juniperus	Undescribed^[31]	Hat Creek (pollen) Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Princeton	A juniper Not described to species
Cupressoideae	Thuja	Undescribed^[40]^[36]^[31]^[23]^[34]	Driftwood McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	An arborvitae Not described to species
Cupressoideae	Cf. Calocedrus	Undescribed^[36]	McAbee	An incense cedar relative Not described to genus/species
Cupressoideae	Cf. Thujopsis	Undescribed^[36]	Driftwood McAbee	A Hiba relative Not described to genus/species
Sequoioideae	Metasequoia	†Metasequoia milleri^[42]	Princeton Chert	A dawn redwood
Sequoioideae	Metasequoia	†Metasequoia occidentalis^[43]^[24]^[44]^[45]^[36]^[38]^[18]	Chu Chua Driftwood Horsefly Kettle River McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic Tranquille	A dawn redwood Older sources identified as "Sequoia" brevifolia, "S." heeri. "S." langsdorfii (in part), "S." nordenskiöldi, Taxodium distichum miocenum (in part), & Taxodium occidentale^[24]	Metasequoia occidentalis
Sequoioideae	Metasequoia	Undescribed^[34]	Falkland Hat Creek	A dawn redwood Not described to species
Sequoioideae	Sequoia	†Sequoia affinis^[39]^[38]	Falkland Princeton Republic	A Redwood Reported by Brown (1935) from Republic as "Sequioa langsdorfii"	Sequoia affinis
Sequoioideae	Sequoia	Undescribed^[36]^[23]^[34]	Chu Chua Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Quilchena
Taiwanioideae	Taiwania	Undescribed^[23]	Republic	A Taiwania species not described to species
Taxodioideae	Cryptomeria	Undescribed^[40]^[31]	McAbee Republic	A sugi Not described to species
Taxodioideae	Glyptostrobus	†Glyptostrobus europaeus^[24]^[46]	Chu Chua Horsefly Kamloops Stump Lake Princeton	A Chinese swamp cypress
Taxodioideae	Glyptostrobus	Undescribed^[40]^[31]^[34]	Falkland Hat Creek Quilchena Republic	A Chinese swamp cypress Not described to species	Glyptostrobus species
Taxodioideae	Taxodium	†Taxodium dubium^[24]^[47]^[39]^[44]^[36]^[38]	Chu Chua Republic	A bald cypress
Taxodioideae	Taxodium	Undescribed^[36]^[31]	Chu Chua Falkland Hat Creek (pollen) McAbee Princeton Quilchena	A bald cypress not described to species

Pinaceae

Name	Authority	Year	Subfamily	Notes	Images
Abietoideae	Abies	†Abies milleri^[48]^[36]^[38]^[18]	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	Oldest true fir described
Abietoideae	Abies	†Abies steenstrupiana^[24]^[49]^[39]	Chu Chua Quilchena	A fir conescale morphospecies Moved from Pinus steenstrupiana (1868)
Abietoideae	Abies	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[34]	Driftwood Horsefly Quilchena	A true fir Not described to species
Abietoideae	Keteleeria	Undescribed^[34]	Quilchena	A Keteleeria species Not described to species
Abietoideae	Pseudolarix	Pseudolarix amabilis^[50]	Chu Chua Driftwood McAbee Princeton Stump Lake	A golden larch originally identified as Pseudolarix americana,^[39] then as Pseudolarix arnoldii^[51]
Abietoideae	Pseudolarix	†Pseudolarix wehrii^[50]	Princeton Republic	A long bracted golden larch Originally described as Pseudolarix americana.^[51]	Pseudolarix wehrii
Abietoideae	Pseudolarix	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[34]	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Quilchena	A golden larch Not described to species
Abietoideae	Tsuga	Undescribed^[40]^[36]^[31]^[23]^[34]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Princeton Quilchena Republic	A hemlock Not described to species
Laricoideae	Pseudotsuga	†Pseudotsuga miocena^[52]	Horsefly (Cariboo mine ~400–500 ft (120–150 m) depth)	A Carbonized/petrified wood species
Piceoideae	Picea	†Picea columbiensis^[43]	Kettle River	A spruce cone species	Picea columbiensis
Piceoideae	Picea	Undescribed^[39]^[40]^[36]^[31]^[34]	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A spruce Not described
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus allisonii^[53]	Princeton Chert	A 2-needled Pine
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus andersonii^[53]	Princeton Chert	A 3-needled Pine
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus arnoldii^[54]^[55]	Princeton Chert	A basal Pine, Cones belonging to the 5 needle Pinus similkameenensis foliage
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus columbiana^[43]	Kettle River	A permineralized pinaceous wood, compression cone species	Pinus columbiana
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus driftwoodensis^[56]	Driftwood	A permineralized pinaceous cone
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus latahensis^[47]^[39]	Princeton Republic	A 5-needle pine	Pinus latahensis
Pinoideae	Pinus	†"Pinus macrophylla"^[47]	Republic	A 3 needle pine, jr homoym to Pinus macrophylla Lindley 1839	"Pinus macrophylla"
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus monticolensis^[47]^[39]	Princeton Republic	A pinaceous winged seed morphogenus	Pinus monticolensis
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus princetonensis^[53]	Princeton Chert	A pinaceous cone
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus similkameenensis^[54]^[55]	Princeton Chert	A basal Pine, 5-needled foliage belonging to the Pinus arnoldii cones
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus tetrafolia^[47]	Republic	A possible 4 needled pine Noted by Berry as "highly improbable that this should represent a distinct botanic species"	"Pinus tetrafolia"
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus trunculus^[24]^[39]	Chu Chua Horsefly Quilchena Princeton Tranquille Stump Lake	A 3-needle pine
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus tulameenensis^[39]	Princeton	A 5-needle pine
Pinoideae	Pinus	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[34]	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Quilchena	A pine Not described to species

Sciadopityaceae

Name	Authority	Year	Family	Notes	Images
Sciadopityaceae	Sciadopitys	Undescribed^[40]	Republic	An umbrella pine species	Sciadopitys species

Taxaceae

Name	Authority	Year	Family	Notes	Images
Taxaceae	Amentotaxus	Undescribed^[40]^[36]^[31]	Princeton Republic	A yew Not described to species	Amentotaxus sp.
Taxaceae	Cephalotaxus	Unidentified^[40]^[31]	Republic	A yew Originally described placed in the Miocene Cephalotaxus bonseri^[47]^[57] Not described to species
Taxaceae	Taxus	Undescribed^[40]^[31]	Hat Creek (pollen) Horsefly Princeton (pollen) Republic	A yew Not described to species
Taxaceae	Torreya	Undescribed^[31]	Horsefly	A plum-yew Not described to species
Taxaceae	Cf. Amentotaxus	Undescribed^[36]^[34]	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena	A yew Not described to genus/species
Taxaceae	Cf. Taxus	Undescribed^[31]	McAbee	A yew relative Not described to genus/species
Taxaceae	Cf. Torreya	Undescribed^[36]^[31]	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Republic	A plum-yew relative Not described to genus/species

Angiosperms

Nymphaeales

The basal angiosperms are represented by two Nymphaeales water-lily species Nuphar carlquistii^[58] from the Republic and Princeton shales, plus Allenbya collinsonae from the Princeton Chert.^[59] Wehr (1995) illustrated two fossils that were tentatively identified as fruits of the banana genus Ensete and the extinct myrtle genus Paleomyrtinaea respectively,^[60] however further fossil finds resulted in the re-identification of the first as a N. carlquistii rhizome section, and the second is a seed mass from the same water-lily.^[58]

Order	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Nymphaeaceae	†Allenbya	†Allenbya collinsonae^[59]	Princeton Chert	A waterlily relative. Not to be confused with the odonate Allenbya
Nymphaeaceae	Nuphar	†Nuphar carlquistii^[58]	Princeton Republic	A waterlily, Rhizome sections were first identified as Ensete.	Nuphar carlquistii seeds

Magnoliids

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Lauraceae	Lindera	Undescribed^[31]	Princeton	A spicewood species. Not described.
Lauraceae	†Litseaphyllum	Undescribed^[20]	Republic	A lauraceous form species. Not described
Lauraceae	Ocotea	Undescribed^[20]	Republic	A stinkwood species. Not described
Lauraceae	Phoebe	Undescribed^[45]^[36]^[31]	McAbee Princeton Republic	A Phoebe sp. Not described.
Lauraceae	Sassafras	†Sassafras hesperia^[45]^[36]^[31]^[23]	Chu Chua McAbee Princeton Republic	A sassafras Formerly identified as Sassafras sellwyni	Sassafras hesperia
Lauraceae	Sassafras	Undescribed^[31]^[23]	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Quilchena	A sassafras species Not described to species
Magnoliaceae	†Liriodendroxylon	†Liriodendroxylon princetonensis^[61]	Princeton Chert	A Liriodendron-like wood.
Magnoliaceae	Magnolia	Undescribed^[4]	Republic	A magnolia, possibly Magnolia subgenus Talauma Not described	Magnolia
Saururaceae	Saururus	†Saururus tuckerae^[62]	Princeton Chert	A lizard's-tail species
incertae sedis	†Dillhoffia	†Dillhoffia cachensis^[63]	McAbee Republic	A flower of uncertain floral relationship, possibly of Magnoliid affinity	Dillhoffia cachensis
incertae sedis	†Princetonia	†Princetonia allenbyensis^[64]^[65]	Princeton Chert	A possibly aquatic magnoliopsid flower of uncertain affiliation.

Monocots

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Alismataceae	†Heleophyton	†Heleophyton helobieoides^[66]	Princeton Chert	An aquatic or emergent water-plantain
Amaryllidaceae	†Paleoallium	†Paleoallium billgenseli^[67]	Princeton Republic	An onion relative	Paleoallium billgenseli
Aponogetonaceae	Aponogeton	†Aponogeton longispinosum^[68]	Grímsson, Zetter, & Halbritter	A Cape-pondweed pollen
Araceae	Keratosperma	†Keratosperma allenbyensis^[69]	Princeton Chert	An arum family member
Araceae	Orontium	†Orontium wolfei^[70]	Princeton Republic	A golden club	Orontium wolfei
Arecaceae	†Uhlia	Uhlia allenbyensis^[71]	Princeton Chert	A Coryphoid palm
Smilacaceae	Smilax	Undescribed^[20]	Republic	A greenbrier species. Not Described
Typhaceae	Typha	Undescribed^[20]^[31]	Hat Creek Coal Republic	A cattail species. Not described
Cf. Iridaceae	†Pararisteapollis	†Pararisteapollis stockeyi^[72]	Princeton Chert	A possible iridaceous pollen morphotype
Incertae sedis	†Ethela	†Ethela sargentiana^[73]	Princeton chert	A cyperaceous or juncaceous poalean monocot
Incertae sedis	†Soleredera	†Soleredera rhizomorpha^[74]	Princeton Chert	A lilialean genus of uncertain placement

Eudicots

"Basal eudicots"

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Menispermaceae	Calycocarpum	Undescribed^[60]	Republic	A moonseed Not described to species
Platanaceae	†Langeranthus	†Langeranthus dillhoffiorum^[75]	Republic	A plane tree relative fruiting head.
Platanaceae	†Langeria	†Langeria magnifica^[45]^[23]^[75]	Chu Chua McAbee Quilchena Republic	A plane tree relative. Formerly identified as "Corylus" macquarrii and then a witch-hazel relative.	Langeria magnifica
Platanaceae	†Macginicarpa	Undescribed^[76]	Princeton Republic	A plane tree fruit taxon Not described to species	Macginicarpa species
Platanaceae	†Macginitiea	†Macginitiea gracilis^[45]	McAbee Princeton Republic	A plane tree relative	Macginitiea gracilis
Platanaceae	†Macginitea	Undescribed^[31]^[23]	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Quilchena	A sycamore relative Not described to species
Platanaceae	Platananthus	Undescribed^[77]	Republic	A sycamore stamen head Not described to species
Ranunculaceae	Clematis	Undescribed^[4]^[31]	Horsefly Republic	A Clematis Not described to species	Clematis species
Sabiaceae	Meliosma	Undescribed^[60]	Republic	A Meliosma species Not described to species
Sabiaceae	Sabia	Undescribed^[60]	Republic	A Sabia species Not described to species
Schisandraceae	Kadsura	Undescribed^[20]	Republic	A kadsura species. Not described to species
Trochodendraceae?	†Nordenskioldia	Undescribed^[76]^[36]	McAbee? Princeton Republic	A trochodendroid of uncertain placement.^[78] Not described to species.
Trochodendraceae	†Paraconcavistylon	†Paraconcavistylon wehrii^[79]^[78]	McAbee Republic	A Trochodendrale first described as "Concavistylon" wehrii moved to a new genus in 2020.^[78]
Trochodendraceae	†Pentacentron	†Pentacentron sternhartae^[79]	Republic	A Trochodendrale	Pentacentron sternhartae
Trochodendraceae	Tetracentron	†Tetracentron hopkinsii^[79]	Princeton Republic	A Trochodendrale, possibly the leaves of Pentacentron sternhartae	Tetracentron hopkinsii
Trochodendraceae	Trochodendron	†Trochodendron drachukii^[80]^[23]	McAbee	A Trochodendron possibly the fruits of Trochodendron nastae
Trochodendraceae	Trochodendron	†Trochodendron nastae^[81]	Pigg, Wehr, & Ickert-Bond	A Trochodendron Possibly the leaves of Trochodendron drachukii	Trochodendron nastae
Trochodendraceae	†Zizyphoides	Undescribed^[36]^[18]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Princeton Republic	A trochodendroid of uncertain placement.^[78] Leaves of the fruit taxon Nordenskioldia Not described to species.	Zizyphoides species

"Superasterids"

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Aquifoliaceae	Ilex	Undescribed^[31]	Republic	A holly Not described to species
Araliaceae	Aralia	Undescribed^[36]	Republic	A spikenard species Not described.
Araliaceae	Cf. Aralia	Undescribed^[36]	McAbee?	A spikenard species foliage Not described.
Araliaceae	Cf. †Paleopanax	Undescribed^[36]	McAbee?	A spikenard species fruit Not described.
Bignoniaceae	Undescribed	Undescribed^[76]	Republic	A catalpa family member Not described	Bignoniaceae sp. fruit
Cornaceae	Cornus	Undescribed^[45]^[36]^[31]	Chu Chua Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A dogwood species, Not described
Ebenaceae	unidentifed	"Diospyros" dawsonii^[23]	Chu Chua	A punitive persimmon relative.
Ericaceae	Arbutus	Undescribed^[4]^[31]	Republic	A madrone relative Not described to species
Ericaceae	Rhododendron	Undescribed^[4]^[31]	Republic	A Rhododendron Not described to species
Ericaceae	Cf. Leucothoe	Undescribed^[4]	Republic	A doghobble relative Not described to species
Ericaceae	Cf. Rhododendron	Undescribed^[4]^[31]	McAbee	A Rhododendron Not described to species
Eucommiaceae	Eucommia	†Eucommia montana^[82]^[31]	Quilchena Republic	A "hard rubber tree" fruit	Eucommia montana
Eucommiaceae	Eucommia	†Eucommia rolandii^[82]	Quilchena	A "hard rubber tree" leaf
Hydrangeaceae	Hydrangea	Undescribed^[4]	Republic	A Hydrangea. Not described to species
Hydrangeaceae	Philadelphus	Undescribed^[4]	Republic	A mock-orange Not described to species
Icacinaceae	Palaeophytocrene	Unidentified^[76]^[36]	Quilchena Republic	A Phytocrene relative Not described to species
Nyssaceae	Diplopanax	†Diplopanax eydei^[83]	Princeton Chert	A tuplo relative.
Nyssaceae	†Tsukada	†Tsukada davidiifolia^[45]	Princeton Republic	A dove-tree relative	Tsukada davidiifolia
Oleaceae	Fraxinus	†Fraxinus eoemarginata^[31]^[84]	Quilchena	An ash species with notched samara apex.
Oleaceae	Fraxinus	Cf. †Fraxinus rupinarum^[84]	Quilchena	An ash species with rounded samara apex.
Oleaceae	Fraxinus	undescribed^[31]	McAbee	A possible ash relative. Not described to species due to preservation.
Schoepfiaceae?	Schoepfia?	†"Schoepfia" republicensis^[45]	Republic	A possible Schoepfia relative, First described as "Cornus acuminata.	Schoepfia republicensis
Theaceae	Ternstroemites	"Species A"^[45]	McAbee Quilchena Republic	A theaceous species similar to Gordonia Not described to species
Theaceae	Ternstroemites	"Species B"^[45]	Republic	A theaceous species similar to Cleyera Not described to species

"Superrosids"

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Anacardiaceae	Rhus	†Rhus boothillensis^[85]	Republic	A sumac hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species	Rhus boothillensis
Anacardiaceae	Rhus	†Rhus garwellii^[85]	Republic	A sumac with leaflets on short petiolules hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species	Rhus garwellii
Anacardiaceae	Rhus	†Rhus malloryi^[85]	Falkland Republic	A sumac with leaflets on short petiolules hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species	Rhus malloryi
Anacardiaceae	Rhus	†Rhus republicensis^[85]	Republic	A sumac with sessile leaflets hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species
Anacardiaceae	Rhus	Undescribed^[31]	Falkland McAbee? Quilchena Princeton	A sumac species Not described to species
Betulaceae	Alnus	†Alnus cremastogynoides^[24]^[23]	Chu Chua	An alder.
Betulaceae	Alnus	†Alnus crispoides^[24]	Chu Chua	An alder. Deemed nomen nudum by LaMotte (1952)^[49]
Betulaceae	Alnus	†Alnus kefersteinii^[24]^[23]	Chu Chua	An alder.
Betulaceae	Alnus	†Alnus parvifolia^[45]^[36]^[18]^[23]	Chu Chua Falkland McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	An alder. First described as Betula parvifolia (1926) Previously identified as A. corralina (pro part.), A. elliptica and Carpinus grandis (pro part.)	Alnus parvifolia
Betulaceae	Alnus	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[23]	Chu Chua Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena	An alder species Not described to species
Betulaceae	Betula	†Betula leopoldae^[45]^[86]^[36]^[31]^[23]	Chu Chua Falkland McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	An birch species	Betula leopoldae
Betulaceae	Betula	Undescribed^[43]^[36]^[31]	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Kettle River Quilchena	An birch species Not described to species
Betulaceae	Carpinus	†Carpinus perryae^[87]	Republic	A hornbeam	Carpinus parryae
Betulaceae	Corylus	Corylus johnsonii^[87]	Republic	A hazel nut	Corylus johnsonii
Betulaceae	†Corylites	Undescribed^[31]	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland? Horsefly Princeton Quilchena Republic	A hazel nut relative Not described to species
Betulaceae	†Palaeocarpinus	†Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae^[87]	Republic	An extinct coryloid relative	Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae
Betulaceae	†Palaeocarpinus	†Palaeocarpinus dentatus^[87]^[88]	Stump Lake	An extinct coryloid relative. First described as Carpolithes dentatus
Betulaceae	†Palaeocarpinus	†Palaeocarpinus stonebergae^[87]^[36]	Princeton	An extinct coryloid relative
Betulaceae	†Palaeocarpinus	Undescribed^[87]^[36]^[23]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Republic	A Palaeocarpinus species Not described to species by modern studies formerly grouped under Carpolithes dentatus^[88]	undescribed Palaeocarpinus species
Betulaceae	Cf. Corylus	Undescribed^[36]^[31]	McAbee (pollen)	A hazel nut Not described to species
Betulaceae	Undescribed	Undescribed^[31]	Hat Creek Coal	A betulaceous taxon Not described to species
Burseraceae	†Barghoornia	†Barghoornia oblongifolia^[45]	Republic	An extinct Bursera relative	Barghoornia oblongifolia
Celtidaceae	Pteroceltis	Undescribed^[77]	Republic	A cannabaceous fruit Not described	Pteroceltis species fruit
Cercidiphyllaceae	Cercidiphyllum	†Cercidiphyllum arcticum^[89]^[49]	Chu Chua	A katsura leaf morphotype Moved from Trochodendroides arctica (1926)^[24]
Cercidiphyllaceae	Cercidiphyllum	†Cercidiphyllum obtritum^[45]	Princeton Republic	A katsura with suggested affinity to †Joffrea,^[36] First described as "Populus" obtrita	Cercidiphyllum obtritum
Cercidiphyllaceae	Unidentified	Unidentified^[45]	Chu Chua Driftwood Horsefly Falkland McAbee Princeton Quilchena	A katsura relative with suggested affinity to †Joffrea or †Nyssydium^[36]	undescribed Cercidiphyllaceous fruits
Elaeocarpaceae	Sloanea	Undescribed^[77]	Republic	An elaeocarpaceous fruit Not described to species	Sloanea sp.
Fagaceae	†Castaneophyllum	undescribed^[31]	Princeton Republic	An fagaceous morphogenus Not described to species
Fagaceae	†Fagopsis	†Fagopsis undulata^[45]^[18]	Princeton Republic	An extinct beech relative	Fagopsis undulata
Fagaceae	†Fagopsis^[36]	undescribed	Driftwood Horsefly	An extinct beech relative Not described to species
Fagaceae	Fagus	†Fagus langevinii^[90]^[36]^[31]^[23]	McAbee Princeton Republic	A beech	Fagus langevinii
Fagaceae	Fagus	Undescribed^[36]	Chu Chua	A beech
Fagaceae	Quercus	†Quercus uglowi^[24]	Chu Chua	An oak leaf species
Fagaceae	†Quercus	undescribed^[76]^[36]^[31]	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Quilchena Princeton Republic	An oak Not described to species
Fagaceae	Cf. †Castaneophyllum	undescribed^[31]	Quilchena	An fagaceous morphogenus Not described to species
Grossulariaceae	Ribes	Undescribed^[91]	Princeton Chert	A current fruit Not described
Grossulariaceae	Ribes	Undescribed^[4]^[36]^[31]	McAbee Princeton Republic	A current Not described to species Two morphotypes present at Republic^[23]
Hamamelidaceae	Corylopsis	†Corylopsis reedae^[4]^[92]	Republic	A winter-hazel	Corylopsis reedae
Hamamelidaceae	Corylopsis	Undescribed^[31]	Princeton Quilchena	A winter-hazel Not described to species
Hamamelidaceae	Fothergilla	†Fothergilla malloryi^[92]^[18]	Princeton Republic	A witch alder	Fothergilla malloryi
Iteaceae	Itea	Undescribed^[45]^[31]	Republic	A virginia willow species Not described to species.
Juglandaceae	Carya	Carya dawsoni^[24]^[49]	Chu Chua	A punitive hickory First described as Hicoria dawsoni (1926)^[24]^[23]
Juglandaceae	Carya	Carya stanleyanum^[24]^[49]	Chu Chua Quilchena	A punitive hickory First described as Dryophyllum stanleyanum (1895)^[24]
Juglandaceae	Carya	Undescribed^[23]	Chu Chua Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Quilchena Republic	A possible hickory Not described to species
Juglandaceae	†Cruciptera	†Cruciptera simsonii^[93]	Republic	A walnut family relative.
Juglandaceae	Juglans	Undescribed^[36]^[31]	McAbee (pollen) Quilchena Republic	A walnut family relative. Not described to species.
Juglandaceae	Pterocarya	Undescribed^[36]^[31]	McAbee (pollen) Princetona Republic	A wingnut relative. Not described to species.
Lythraceae	Decodon	†Decodon allenbyensis^[94]	Princeton Chert	A swamp loosestrife
Lythraceae	Decodon	Undescribed^[36]	Princeton Republic	A swamp loosestrife Not described to species
Malvaceae	Craigia	Undescribed^[76]	Republic	A Craigia species Not described to species	Craigia sp.
Malvaceae	†Florissantia	†Florissantia quilchenensis^[23]	Falkland McAbee Quilchena Republic	A Florissantia species	Florissantia quilchenensis
Malvaceae	†Florissantia	Undescribed^[23]	Driftwood Horsefly Princeton	A Florissantia species Not described to species
Malvaceae	Hibiscus	Undescribed^[4]	Republic	A hibiscus Not described to species
Malvaceae	†Plafkeria	Undescribed^[76]	Republic	A linden relative Not described to species
Malvaceae	Tilia	†Tilia johnsoni^[45]	Republic	A Linden	Tilia johnsoni
Malvaceae	Tilia	Undescribed^[77]^[36]	Princeton Quilchena Republic	A Linden relative Not described to species	Cf. Tilia fruits
Moraceae	Morus	Undescribed^[4]	Republic	A mulberry, two types known. Not described to species
Myricaceae	Comptonia	†Comptonia columbiana^[29]^[95]^[96]^[34]	Falkland Kamloops McAbee Quilchena Princeton Republic	A comptonia species	Comptonia columbiana
Myricaceae	Comptonia	Comptonia predryandroides^[24]	Chu Chua	A comptonia species
Myricaceae	Comptonia	Undescribed^[36]^[23]	Chu Chua	A comptonia species not identified to species Possibly C. columbiana or C. predryandroides
Myricaceae	Myrica	†Myrica uglowi^[24]	Chu Chua	A bayberry species
Myrtaceae	†Paleomyrtinaea	†Paleomyrtinaea princetonensis^[97]	Princeton Chert	A Myrtaceous fruit
Polygalaceae	Deviacer	Undescribed^[76]^[36]	Horsefly Quilchena Republic	A milkwort relative Not described to species	Deviacer species
Rosaceae	Amelanchier	Undescribed^[4]	McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A service berry Not described to species
Rosaceae	Neviusia	†Neviusia dunthornei^[98]	Princeton	A snow-wreath
Rosaceae	Neviusia	Undescribed^[4]	Republic	A snow-wreath Not described to species
Rosaceae	Oemleria	†Oemleria janhartfordae^[99]	Republic	An Osoberry
Rosaceae	†Paleorosa	†Paleorosa similkameenensis^[100]	Princeton Chert	A rose family flower
Rosaceae	Photinia	†Photinia pageae^[45]	Republic	A Christmas-berry relative	Photinia pagae
Rosaceae	Photinia	Undescribed^[31]	Princeton	A Christmas-berry relative
Rosaceae	Prunus	†Prunus allenbyensis^[101]	Princeton Chert	A prunoid wood.
Rosaceae	Prunus	†Prunus cathybrownae^[99]	Republic	A cherry relative	Prunus cathybrownae
Rosaceae	Prunus	"Princeton chert species 1"^[101]	Princeton Chert	A prunoid seed. Not described to species
Rosaceae	Prunus	"Princeton chert species 2"^[101]	Princeton Chert	A prunoid seed. Not described to species
Rosaceae	Prunus	"Princeton chert species 3"^[101]	Princeton Chert	A prunoid seed. Not described to species
Rosaceae	Prunus	"Republic species 1"^[45]	Republic	A prunoid leaf. Not described to species
Rosaceae	Prunus	"Republic species 2"^[45]	Republic	A prunoid leaf. Not described to species
Rosaceae	Prunus	"Republic species 3"^[45]	Republic	A prunoid leaf. Not described to species
Rosaceae	Prunus	undescribed^[36]^[31]	Chu Chua Princeton Quilchena	A prunoid leaf. Not described to species
Rosaceae	Pyracantha	Undescribed^[5]	Republic	A firethorn sp.^[5] Tentative record, Not described to species.
Rosaceae	Rubus	Undescribed^[4]^[31]	Princeton Republic	A blackberry Not described to species
Rosaceae	Sorbus?	†"Sorbus" decorifolia^[24]^[23]	Chu Chua	A punitive sorbus
Rosaceae	†Stonebergia	†Stonebergia columbiana^[102]	Princeton	A sorbarieous genus	Stonebergia columbiana
Rosaceae	Aff. Malus	Undescribed^[31]^[5]	Republic	A maloid species possibly apple or pear Not described to specie
Rosaceae	Aff. Physocarpus	Undescribed^[36]	Princeton Republic	A possible nine-bark Not described to species Possibly stem Neillieae^[103]
Rosaceae	Aff. Sorbus	Undescribed^[36]^[31]	McAbee Princeton Republic	A rowan relative Not described to species.
Rosaceae	Aff. Spiraea	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[5]	Princeton Republic	A bridal wreath Not described to species.
Rosaceae	Cf. Crataegus	Undescribed^[4]	Horsefly McAbee Princeton Republic	A hawthorn relative Not described to species
Rosaceae	Cf. Prunus	undescribed^[36]^[31]	Falkland McAbee	An amygdaloid leaf of prunoid affinity. Not described to species
Rosaceae	Cf. Pyrus	Undescribed^[5]	Republic	A maloid species possibly apple or pear Not described to species
Salicaceae	Populus	†Populus acuminatafolia^[24]	Chu chua	A cottonwood leaf species
Salicaceae	Populus	Undescribed^[36]^[31]	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Republic	A cottonwood Not described to species First identified as †Populus lindgreni at Republic^[47]
Salicaceae	Pseudosalix	Undescribed^[36]	Driftwood Republic	A willow relative Not described to species
Salicaceae	Salix	Undescribed^[36]^[31]	McAbee Princeton (pollen) Republic	A willow Not described to species
Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer dubium^[52]	Horsefly	single fruit missing a seed. Provisionally named by Penhallow (1902) Deemed nomen nudum by LaMotte (1952)^[49]
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer hillsi^[104]	Republic	A maple samara.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer princetonense^[104]	Princeton	A maple samara morphospecies.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer republicense^[104]	Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer rousei^[104]^[23]	McAbee Princeton	A maple samara morphospecies.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer spitzi^[104]	Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer stewarti^[104]^[36]^[23]	McAbee Princeton	A maple leaf and samara species.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer stockeyae^[104]	Princeton	A maple samara morphospecies.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer stonebergae^[104]	Princeton Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer toradense^[104]	Princeton Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer washingtonense^[104]	Republic	A maple leaf and samara species.
Sapindaceae	Acer	†Acer wehri^[104]^[36]^[23]	Chu Chua McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
Sapindaceae	Acer	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[23]	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland McAbee Quilchena	A maple. Not described to species
Sapindaceae	Aesculus	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[105]	McAbee Princeton Republic	A horse chestnut Not described to species.
Sapindaceae	†Bohlenia	†Bohlenia americana^[45]^[23]	Republic	A soap berry genus	Bohlenia americana
Sapindaceae	†Bohlenia	† Cf. Bohlenia insignis^[23]	Chu Chua	A soap berry genus First described as Myrica uglowi^[24]
Sapindaceae	†Bohlenia^[31]	Undescribed	Falkland Quilchena	A soap berry genus Not described
Sapindaceae	Dipteronia	†Dipteronia brownii^[106]^[31]^[23]	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A Dipteronia species	Dipteronia brownii
Sapindaceae	Koelreuteria	†Koelreuteria dilcheri^[107]	Republic	A Koelreuteria species	Koelreuteria dilcheri
Sapindaceae	Koelreuteria	Undescribed^[36]	A Koelreuteria species
Sapindaceae	†Wehrwolfea	†Wehrwolfea striata^[108]	Princeton Chert	A possible dodonaecous soapberry family flower
Sapindaceae	Cf. Boniodendron	†"Koelreuteria" arnoldii^[45]^[36]^[31]^[107]	McAbee Princeton Republic	A sapindaceous species first described as a Koelreuteria species, considered Cf. Boniodendron by Wang et al (2012).	"Koelreuteria" arnoldii
Ulmaceae	†Cedrelospermum	Undescribed^[36]	Quilchena Republic	An elm relative Not described to species
Ulmaceae	†Ulminium	†Ulminium columbianum^[43]	Kettle River	An elm wood species. Moved from Ulmus columbiana in 1922^[109]	Ulminium columbianum
Ulmaceae	Ulmus	†Ulmus chuchuanus^[110]^[23]	Chu Chua Driftwoodd Falklands Quilchena Republic	An elm Originally named Ulmus columbianus Leaves and fruits first tentatively identified as Chaetaptelea and Zelkova	Ulmus chuchuanus
Ulmaceae	Ulmus	†Ulmus okanaganensis^[110]^[23]	Chu Chua Driftwoodd Falklands McAbee Quilchena Republic	An elm	Ulmus okanaganensis
Ulmaceae	Ulmus	†Ulmus protoamericana^[43]	Kettle River	An elm wood species.	Ulmus protoamericana
Ulmaceae	Ulmus	†Ulmus protoracemosa^[43]	Kettle River	An elm wood species.	Ulmus protoracemosa
Ulmaceae	Ulmus	Undescribed^[36]^[31]^[23]	Driftwood Horsefly Princeton Quilchena	An elm species Not described to species
Vitaceae	Ampelocissus	†"Ampelocissus" similkameenensis^[111]^[112]	Princeton Chert	A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement^[112]
Vitaceae	incertae sedis	"Type 1"^[111]	Princeton Chert	A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement Not described
Vitaceae	incertae sedis	"Type 2"^[111]	Princeton Chert	A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement Not described
Vitaceae	Unidentified	Unidentified^[31]	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	Vitoideae leaves/seeds In the Ampelocissus/Cissus/Vitis group Not described to species

Incertae sedis

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Incertae sedis	Averrhoites	Undescribed^[36]	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A leaf morphotype of uncertain affiliation Not described to species
incertae sedis	†Calycites	†Calycites ardtunensis^[76]	Republic	A winged fruit of unidentified affinities	Calycites ardtunensis
Incertae sedis	†Chaneya	†Chaneya tenuis^[36]^[113]	McAbee Princeton	A sapindalean flower of uncertain affiliations	Chaneya tenuis
Incertae sedis	†Eorhiza	†Eorhiza arnoldii^[114]^[115]	Princeton Chert	A semi-aquatic dicot of uncertain affinity.
Incertae sedis	†Lagokarpos	†Lagokarpos lacustris^[116]^[23]	Horsefly	A fruit of uncertain affiliation
Incertae sedis	†Pistillipollianthus	†Pistillipollianthus wilsoni^[117]	Horsefly	A flower of uncertain affliation producer of the Pistillipollenites macgregorii palynomorph.
incertae sedis	†Pteronepelys	†Pteronepelys wehrii^[118]	Republic	A samara of uncertain affinities.	Pteronepelys wehrii
†incertae sedis	Republica	†Republica hickeyi^[45]	Republic	An incertae sedis angiosperm possibly of hamamelid affiliations	Republica hickeyi

Fungi

Order	Genus	species	Sites	Notes
Dothideales	†Palaeoserenomyces	†Palaeoserenomyces allenbyensis^[119]	Princeton Chert	An ascomycetan fugus on the host palm Uhlia allenbyensis
Pleosporales	†Cryptodidymosphaerites	†Cryptodidymosphaerites princetonensis^[119]	Princeton Chert	An ascomycetan fugus hosted on Uhlia allenbyensis
Pleosporales	†Monodictysporites	†Monodictysporites princetonensis^[120]	Princeton Chert	An ascomycotan fungus hosted on Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata

Taxa of uncertain modern identification

A number of taxa identified or described by Penhallow (1902), Penhallow (1906) and Berry (1926) have not received much or any modern attention, resulting in uncertainty of taxon affiliation, identification, or synonymy. Many late 1800's to early 1900's identifications of Okanagan highlands fossils were made based on geologic age assumptions ranging between the Miocene to Pliocene, and often specimens were grouped into species bins for taxa first described from Europe.

Species	Reporting Author	Sites	Notes
Acer chaneyi^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua Princeton (Similkameen) Stump Lake	A maple. First identified as "Acer macropterum" Heer, a jr synonym of A. chaneyi.^[104]
Acer grossedentatum Heer^[88]	Dawson, 1875	Quesnel	A maple. A. grossedentatum is a tertiary European species.
Acer negundifolium (Dawson) LaMotte (1952)^[88]^[49]	Dawson, 1891	Stump Lake	Leaf fragments of a "problematic nature" First named Acerites negundifolium (1891)
Acer trilobatum productum Heer^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly	A single incomplete leaf. Type locality of species is Carbon, Wyoming
Ailanthophyllum incertum Dawson^[88]	Dawson, 1890	Tranquille	A plant of uncertain affinity.
Alnites curta Dawson^[52]^[88]	Dawson, 1890 (sp nov)	Horsefly Quilchena Similkameen (Princeton)	Numerous betulaceous leaves and cones
Alnus alaskana Newberry^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Tulameen (Princeton)	Fragmentary leaves Type locality Kootznahoo islands, Alaska (Miocene?)
Alnus carpinoides Lesquereux^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Tranquille (Princeton)	Fragmentary leaves Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon (Miocene?)
Alnus serrulata fossilis Newberry^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Fragmentary leaves "Miocene of Western North America"
Amygdalus gracilus Lesquereux^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Two leaves Type locality Green River Formation or Florissant Formation
Andromeda delicatula Lesquereux^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Two Ericaceae? leaves Type locality Green River Formation
Aralia acerifolia Lesquereux^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Fragmentary leaves. jr synonym of Macginitiea nobilis, possible M. gracilis.
Aralia notata Lesquereux^[52]^[88]	Penhallow, 1902	Horsefly Quilchena Tulameen (Princeton)	Fragmentary leaves. jr synonym of Macginitiea nobilis, possible M. gracilis.
Betula angustifolia Newberry^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Leaves. Type locality Bridge Creek, Orgeon
Betula heterodonta Newberry^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena Tulameen (Princeton)	Leaves and one possible cone. Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon
Betula macrophylla Göppert^[88]	Penhallow, 1908	Tulameen (Princeton)	Fragmetary leaves with cones. Type locality Europe
Betula prisca? Ettingshausen^[88]	Dawson, 1874	Quesnel	Single leaf. Type locality Fort Union Formation?
Betula stevensoni Lesquereux^[52]	Penhallow, 1902	Horsefly Similkameen	Fragmentary leaves Type locality Laramie, Wyoming
Carpinus grandis Unger ex Heer	Dawson, 1890	Quilchena Similkameen Stump Lake Tranquille Tulameen
Castanea castanaefolia^[52]	Penhallow, 1902	Horsefly	Fragmentary leaves.
†Cornus suborbifera Lesquereux?	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton (Tulameen) Quilchena	A dogwood
†Cupressoxylon macrocarpoides^[43]	Penhallow, 1907	Kettle River	A fossil cupressaceous? wood
†Cyperacites haydenii^[43]	Penhallow, 1907	Kettle River	A monocot of uncertain affinity
Leguminosites borealis Heer^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	A legume like leaf morphospecies
Liriodendron sp.^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	Tentative identification based on 2 partial specimens
Musophyllum complicatum Lesquereux^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	A monocot morphogenus
Nelumbium pygmaeum	Dawson, 1890 (sp nov)	Horsefly Similkameen (Princeton)	moved to Nelumbo pygmaea (Dawson) Knowlton (1919)
†Phragmites alaskana Heer^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	A grass/sedge leaf morphogenus
†Planera longifolia^[52]	Penhallow, 1902	Horsefly	moved to Fagopsis longifolia by Hollick (1909), possible F. undulata.
†Poacites tenuistriatus Heer^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	A grass/sedge leaf morphogenus
†Populus daphnogenoides^[52]	Dawson, 1890	"Similkameen" (Princeton)	Type Locality Fort union Formation
†Pterospermites alaskana Knowlton^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	Type locality Keni Formation A leaf morphospecies of possible sterculioid affinity
†Quercus groenlandica Heer^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	Type locality Greenland
†Viburnum antiquum (Newberry) Hollick^[24]	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	A caprifoliaceous leaf morphotype

References

^ ^a ^b West, C.; Greenwood, D.; Reichgelt, T.; Lowe, A.; Vachon, J.; Basinger, J. (2020). "Paleobotanical proxies for early Eocene climates and ecosystems in northern North America from middle to high latitudes". Climate of the Past. 16 (4): 1387–1410. Bibcode:2020CliPa..16.1387W. doi:10.5194/cp-16-1387-2020. S2CID 236890548.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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