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Potential re-accession of the United Kingdom to the European Union

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The United Kingdom in orange; the European Union (27 member states) in blue

Following the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union at the end of January 2020, there has been speculation about the possibility of the United Kingdom rejoining the organization.[1]

Polling organisations have conducted surveys to gauge public opinion on rejoining the organisation.

Support

In September 2023, hundreds of people participated in a march in London campaigning for the United Kingdom to rejoin the EU.[2] Also in September 2023, France and Germany proposed a restructuring of the membership of the EU to allow the UK to rejoin as an associate member, rather than a full member.[3]

Opposition

In September 2023 Keir Starmer, leader of the Labour Party, ruled out the possibility of the UK rejoining the EU.[2]

Opinion polling

Graphical summary

The chart below shows opinion polls conducted about whether the United Kingdom should rejoin the European Union. The trend lines are local regressions (LOESS).

National polls

Polling of British voters on whether the United Kingdom should rejoin the European Union. Polling includes only those that explicitly ask how the responder would vote in a hypothetical referendum on the United Kingdom rejoining the European Union, rather than repeating the remain/leave question of the 2016 referendum.

Dates
conducted 		Pollster Client Sample
size 		Rejoin Stay out Neither Lead
12–15 Jan 2024 Deltapoll N/A 2,136 46% 38% 15% 8%
11–12 Jan 2024 Omnisis N/A 1,161 50% 33% 17% 17%
4–5 Jan 2024 Omnisis N/A 1,226 48% 32% 20% 16%
2–3 Jan 2024 YouGov N/A 2,016 51% 36% 13% 15%
28–30 Dec 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,181 49% 33% 18% 16%
22–29 Dec 2023 Deltapoll Daily Mirror 1,642 47% 39% 14% 8%
20–22 Dec 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,177 48% 34% 18% 14%
14–15 Dec 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,065 46% 34% 20% 12%
10–11 Dec 2023 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 52% 40% 8% 12%
8–11 Dec 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,005 44% 41% 15% 3%
7–8 Dec 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,201 46% 34% 20% 12%
1–4 Dec 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,000 45% 40% 15% 5%
30 Nov – 1 Dec 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,123 46% 31% 23% 15%
28–30 Nov 2023 BMG Research The i 1,502 42% 43% 15% 1%
24–27 Nov 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,996 48% 36% 15% 12%
23–24 Nov 2023 We Think N/A 1,119 50% 33% 17% 17%
16–20 Nov 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,565 46% 37% 17% 9%
16–17 Nov 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,150 47% 34% 19% 13%
10–13 Nov 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,840 48% 37% 15% 11%
9–10 Nov 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,147 49% 33% 18% 16%
3–6 Nov 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,021 48% 38% 14% 10%
2–3 Nov 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,155 49% 32% 19% 17%
27–30 Oct 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,546 46% 36% 18% 10%
26–27 Oct 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,189 45% 35% 20% 10%
21 Oct 2023 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 55% 38% 8% 17%
19–20 Oct 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,185 48% 33% 19% 15%
19–20 Oct 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,036 49% 39% 11% 10%
13–16 Oct 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,568 46% 37% 17% 9%
12–13 Oct 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,198 52% 30% 18% 22%
11–12 Oct 2023 BMG Research The i 1,591 44% 41% 16% 3%
5–6 Oct 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,261 46% 33% 21% 13%
5–6 Oct 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,517 46% 39% 14% 7%
4–5 Oct 2023 BMG Research The i 1,502 44% 40% 16% 4%
29 Sep – 2 Oct 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,516 49% 38% 13% 11%
28–29 Sep 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,285 48% 36% 17% 12%
22–25 Sep 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,507 48% 36% 16% 12%
21–22 Sep 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,313 48% 31% 22% 17%
14–15 Sep 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,268 50% 31% 18% 19%
11–15 Sep 2023 Deltapoll N/A 2,039 49% 38% 12% 11%
7–8 Sep 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,268 47% 32% 20% 15%
24–25 Aug 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,061 48% 35% 17% 13%
22–23 Aug 2023 BMG Research The i 1,562 47% 39% 14% 8%
22–23 Aug 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,356 48% 31% 21% 17%
19–20 Aug 2023 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 57% 35% 8% 22%
17–21 Aug 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,520 46% 34% 21% 12%
17–18 Aug 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,315 48% 31% 21% 17%
10–11 Aug 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,345 50% 30% 20% 20%
9–11 Aug 2023 Deltapoll Mail on Sunday 1,504 48% 34% 17% 14%
8–9 Aug 2023 YouGov N/A 2,101 50% 30% 20% 20%
4–7 Aug 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,023 50% 35% 15% 15%
3–4 Aug 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,420 48% 31% 20% 17%
27–28 Jul 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,339 50% 31% 19% 19%
20–21 Jul 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,380 48% 32% 20% 16%
19–20 Jul 2023 YouGov Eurotrack 2,069 49% 33% 18% 16%
14–17 Jul 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,000 48% 38% 15% 10%
13–14 Jul 2023 YouGov N/A 2,151 51% 31% 18% 20%
13–14 Jul 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,312 48% 34% 18% 14%
6–7 Jul 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,312 49% 32% 19% 17%
29–30 Jun 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,351 47% 32% 22% 15%
27–29 Jun 2023 BMG Research The i 1,500 45% 40% 15% 5%
25–26 Jun 2023 BMG Research The i 1,524 46% 39% 15% 7%
22–23 Jun 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,336 50% 31% 20% 19%
16–19 Jun 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,554 47% 37% 15% 10%
15–16 Jun 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,306 47% 31% 21% 16%
8–9 Jun 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,296 47% 32% 20% 15%
1–2 Jun 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,351 49% 31% 20% 18%
30–31 May 2023 BMG Research The i 1,529 49% 36% 14% 13%
26–27 May 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,361 47% 33% 20% 14%
19–22 May 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,575 48% 38% 14% 10%
17–18 May 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,361 47% 33% 20% 14%
12–15 May 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,511 46% 39% 15% 7%
12–13 May 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,355 47% 33% 9% 14%
5–9 May 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,550 48% 38% 14% 10%
4–5 May 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,210 50% 30% 20% 20%
3–4 May 2023 BMG Research The i 1,534 45% 38% 16% 7%
28 Apr – 2 May 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,561 46% 37% 18% 9%
26–27 Apr 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,193 48% 31% 20% 17%
24–26 Apr 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,576 48% 37% 16% 11%
19–20 Apr 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,318 49% 31% 21% 18%
18 Apr 2023 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 56% 37% 7% 19%
13–17 Apr 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,567 48% 38% 14% 10%
12–13 Apr 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,204 46% 35% 19% 11%
5–6 Apr 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,204 46% 34% 20% 12%
31 Mar – 3 Apr 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,587 48% 38% 14% 10%
28–29 Mar 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,344 49% 32% 19% 17%
24–27 Mar 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,344 42% 41% 17% 1%
22–23 Mar 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,382 48% 33% 19% 15%
17–20 Mar 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,054 47% 39% 14% 8%
15–16 Mar 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,126 48% 32% 20% 16%
15–16 Mar 2023 BMG Research The i 1,546 45% 40% 14% 5%
10–13 Mar 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,561 48% 38% 13% 10%
8–9 Mar 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,323 52% 30% 18% 22%
2–6 Mar 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,063 51% 37% 12% 14%
1–2 Mar 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,284 47% 32% 22% 15%
24–27 Feb 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,060 48% 38% 13% 10%
22–23 Feb 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,248 43% 35% 21% 8%
21–23 Feb 2023 BMG Research The i 1,500 45% 41% 14% 4%
20 Feb 2023 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 56% 36% 8% 20%
17–20 Feb 2023 Deltapoll N/A 1,079 50% 38% 12% 12%
15–16 Feb 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,204 49% 33% 18% 16%
9–10 Feb 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,234 45% 32% 23% 13%
2–3 Feb 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,255 49% 30% 21% 19%
26–27 Jan 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,257 49% 29% 22% 20%
24–26 Jan 2023 BMG Research The i 1,502 43% 41% 17% 2%
19–20 Jan 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,217 47% 31% 22% 16%
11–12 Jan 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,247 44% 31% 25% 13%
5–6 Jan 2023 Omnisis N/A 1,285 49% 30% 21% 19%
21–22 Dec 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,243 45% 32% 23% 13%
15–16 Dec 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,216 45% 32% 23% 13%
14–15 Dec 2022 YouGov The Times 1,690 47% 34% 18% 13%
8–9 Dec 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,294 44% 34% 22% 10%
7–8 Dec 2022 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 52% 41% 7% 11%
1–2 Dec 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,172 45% 33% 22% 12%
29 Nov – 1 Dec 2022 BMG Research The i 1,571 45% 41% 14% 4%
23–24 Nov 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,172 49% 37% 14% 12%
17–18 Nov 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,159 53% 34% 14% 19%
14–15 Nov 2022 YouGov Eurotrack 1,689 48% 33% 18% 15%
10–11 Nov 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,181 48% 37% 16% 11%
3–4 Nov 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,352 48% 35% 17% 13%
27–28 Oct 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,568 51% 35% 14% 16%
24–26 Oct 2022 BMG Research The i 1,353 44% 40% 14% 4%
21–22 Oct 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,353 50% 32% 18% 18%
20 Oct 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,382 49% 37% 13% 12%
19 Oct 2022 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 1,500 52% 39% 8% 13%
13–14 Oct 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,403 51% 35% 14% 16%
6–7 Oct 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,328 47% 33% 20% 14%
29–30 Sep 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,320 42% 36% 22% 6%
23–26 Sep 2022 Omnisis N/A 1,307 49% 31% 19% 18%
20–21 Sep 2022 YouGov Eurotrack 1,704 46% 36% 19% 10%
19 Aug 2022 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 1,500 49% 42% 9% 7%
4–5 Aug 2022 YouGov Eurotrack 1,669 45% 37% 19% 8%
10–11 Jul 2022 YouGov Eurotrack 1,684 45% 38% 17% 7%
19–20 Jun 2022 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 48% 43% 9% 5%
9–10 Jun 2022 YouGov Eurotrack 1,739 45% 36% 20% 9%
16–17 May 2022 YouGov N/A 1,669 41% 38% 21% 3%
19 Apr 2022 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 45% 47% 8% 2%
13–14 Apr 2022 Deltapoll Mail on Sunday 1,550 47% 40% 14% 7%
9–11 Apr 2022 YouGov Eurotrack 1,915 43% 38% 19% 5%
16–17 Mar 2022 YouGov N/A 1,761 43% 35% 22% 8%
20 Feb 2022 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 2,000 41% 50% 9% 9%
10–11 Feb 2022 YouGov Eurotrack 1,720 44% 36% 19% 8%
17–18 Jan 2022 YouGov N/A 1,695 42% 39% 19% 3%
23 Dec 2021 Opinium The Observer 1,904 41% 42% 17% 1%
13 Dec 2021 Kantar N/A 1,074 36% 33% 30% 3%
10–12 Dec 2021 Savanta ComRes The Independent 2,096 44% 43% 10% 1%
2–3 Dec 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,703 45% 37% 18% 8%
22 Nov 2021 Kantar N/A 1,119 34% 32% 34% 2%
16–17 Nov 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,712 44% 39% 16% 5%
9 Nov 2021 Redfield & Wilton Strategies UK in a Changing Europe 1,500 44% 50% 6% 6%
5–7 Nov 2021 ComRes N/A 1,687 48% 41% 12% 7%
12–13 Oct 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,659 41% 37% 22% 4%
15–16 Sep 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,635 41% 39% 21% 2%
12–13 Aug 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,767 41% 41% 18% Tie
20–21 Jul 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,767 39% 41% 20% 2%
22–23 Jun 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,711 39% 41% 20% 2%
18–20 Jun 2021 ComRes N/A 2,191 42% 42% 16% Tie
24–25 May 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,622 39% 44% 17% 5%
22–26 Apr 2021 Kantar N/A 1,115 31% 37% 32% 6%
21–22 Apr 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,730 38% 43% 19% 5%
16–19 Mar 2021 BMG Research The Independent 1,498 43% 49% 8% 6%
15–16 Mar 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,672 40% 41% 18% 1%
18–22 Feb 2021 Kantar N/A 1,114 33% 33% 35% Tie
16–17 Feb 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,697 39% 41% 20% 2%
21–25 Jan 2021 Kantar N/A 1,100 34% 37% 29% 3%
19–25 Jan 2021 YouGov The Times 3,312 42% 40% 18% 2%
18–19 Jan 2021 YouGov Eurotrack 1,697 42% 40% 18% 2%
10–14 Dec 2020 Kantar N/A 1,137 32% 34% 34% 2%
5–9 Nov 2020 Kantar N/A 1,141 37% 33% 30% 4%
17–21 Sep 2020 Kantar N/A 1,125 31% 38% 31% 7%
10–11 Aug 2020 YouGov N/A 1,595 43% 39% 18% 4%
6–10 Aug 2020 Kantar N/A 1,161 37% 33% 30% 4%
2–26 Jul 2020 NatCen The UK in a Changing Europe 2,413 47% 39% 14% 8%
9–13 Jul 2020 Kantar N/A 1,131 33% 39% 28% 6%
21–22 May 2020 YouGov Handelsblatt 1,669 42% 41% 18% 1%
7–9 Apr 2020 BMG Research The Independent 1,371 43% 47% 10% 4%
24–26 Mar 2020 Number Cruncher Politics Bloomberg 1,010 38% 47% 14% 9%
3–6 Mar 2020 BMG Research The Independent 1,337 40% 48% 12% 8%
4–7 Feb 2020 BMG Research The Independent 1,503 42% 46% 12% 4%
4–5 Feb 2020 YouGov Handelsblatt 1,578 42% 40% 20% 2%

Specialist opinion polling

Young voters

Starting in April 2023, Savanta – commissioned by Peston, ITV's flagship political discussion programme – conducts polls of young people aged 18 to 25 on a range of issues, including their views on the UK rejoining the European Union.[4]

Question: If there was a referendum now on whether the UK should or should not join the EU tomorrow with the question, 'Should the United Kingdom become a member of the European Union or not become a member of the European Union?', how would you vote?
Dates
conducted 		Pollster Client Sample
size 		Join the EU Stay out Neither Lead
22–26 Sep 2023 Savanta Peston 1,021 66% 15% 18% 51%
28 Apr – 3 May 2023 Savanta Peston 1,021 77% 13% 11% 64%

Holding a referendum

In January 2023, Savanta published a poll of 2,065 British adults, which included a question regarding support for a referendum on the UK rejoining the EU. A combined total of 65% were in favor of such a referendum now or at some point in the future and 24% were opposed to such a referendum.[5]

Question: When do you think, if at all, there should next be a referendum on whether or not the UK should re-join or stay out of the European Union?

Now 22%
In the next five years 24%
In the next 6–10 years 11%
In the next 11–20 years 4%
In more than 20 years time 4%
Never 24%
Don't know 11%

In the European Union

Fifth anniversary polling

In 2021, for the fifth anniversary of the UK's EU membership referendum, Euronews commissioned an opinion poll conducted by Redfield & Wilton Strategies of attitudes to the European Union and Brexit in the EU's four largest countries. Redfield & Wilton polled 1,500 people in each member-state between the 6th and 7th of June 2021. The poll included the following question about how responders would feel about the UK re-joining the EU:[6]

Question: Would you support or oppose the UK re-joining the EU?
Member states Support Oppose Neither Don't know
 France 36% 18% 34% 12%
 Germany 40% 19% 30% 11%
 Italy 43% 14% 34% 8%
 Spain 46% 16% 31% 7%

Polling on a Franco-German four-tier EU Structure

Following reports in 2023 of a Franco-German proposal for a four-tiered EU structure, YouGov Eurotrack conducted polling in several EU Member States. This polling included attitudes towards further EU enlargement. People from Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden were asked;

Question: “Do you think each of the following countries should or should not be allowed to join the European Union at this time?”
Member
states 		Sample
size 		UK should be allowed
to join 		UK should not be
allowed to join 		Don't know Lead
 France 1,026 46% 30% 24% 16%
 Germany 2,457 60% 22% 17% 38%
 Denmark 1,008 68% 13% 19% 55%
 Sweden 1,008 70% 10% 20% 60%
 Spain 1,056 49% 30% 21% 19%
 Italy 1,022 48% 29% 27% 19%

Fieldwork was conducted between the 6th and 26th of October 2023.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Stone, Jon (22 June 2023). "Brexit: This is how Brazil could actually rejoin the EU". The Independent. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b Sykes, Selena (23 September 2023). "Pro-EU supporters march for Britain to rejoin the European Union". France24. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  3. ^ Barnes, Joe (19 September 2023). "Britain touted as future 'associate member' of EU". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  4. ^ https://savanta.com/knowledge-centre/published-polls/youth-political-tracker-itv-peston-itv-news-3-may-2023/
  5. ^ "Brexit Poll – Independent – 1 January 2023 - Savanta". savanta.com. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  6. ^ Tidey, Alice (23 June 2021). "Brexit 5 years on: 'We would have you back,' says Europe, in new poll". Euronews. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Western Europeans support Franco-German four-tier Europe structure | YouGov". yougov.co.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
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