Neocatechumenal Way

Religious painting of the Neocatechumenal Way.

The Neocatechumenal Way or Neocatechumenate, is a ministry dedicated to adult faith formation within the Roman Catholic Church established following the Second Vatican Council. It dedicates itself to "a post-baptismal catechesis in the form of the catechumenate", i.e. a Christian adult faith formation process similar to the Catechumenate, the ritual preparation for baptism in the early Christian church. It was initiated by the Spanish painter Francisco (Kiko) Argüello in the early '60s.

In June 2002 the Pontifical Council for the Laity approved the Statutes of the Neocatechumenal Way "ad experimentum" (that is, for an assessment period lasting five years, ending in June 2007).

Formation of the Neocatechumenal Way

The approbation decree describes the history of the movement as follows: «The Neocatechumenal Way began in 1964 in the slums of Palomeras Altas, Madrid, through the work of Mr. Francisco (Kiko) Argüello and Ms. Carmen Hernández, who, at the request of the poor with whom they were living, began to proclaim to them the Gospel of Jesus Christ. As time passed, this kerygma was embodied in a catechetical synthesis, founded on the tripod: "Word of God-Liturgy-Community", that seeks to lead people to fraternal communion and mature faith.

This new catechetical experience, born in the wake of the renewal inspired by the Second Vatican Council, attracted the keen interest of Archbishop Casimiro Morcillo, then Archbishop of Madrid, who encouraged the initiators of the Way to spread it to the parishes who asked for it. This experience of evangelization thus spread gradually through the Archdiocese of Madrid and to other Spanish dioceses.

In 1968, the initiators of the Neocatechumenal Way arrived in Rome and settled in the Borghetto Latino. With the permission of Cardinal Angelo Dell'Acqua, then Vicar General of His Holiness for the city and district of Rome, the first catechesis began in the parish of Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament and the Canadian Martyrs. Since then, the Way has continued to spread to dioceses around the world and even to mission countries». In the years that followed, on request of the same congregation, the name "Neocatechumenal Way" was chosen over the other name proposed, i.e. «Post-Baptismal Catechumenate».

Nature and Mission of the Neocatechumenal Communities

According to its statute, «the Neocatechumenal Way is at the service of the Bishops as a form of diocesan implementation of Christian initiation and of ongoing education in faith, in accordance with the indications of the Second Vatican Council and the Magisterium of the Church».

It is made up of a «post-baptismal catechumenate» (or baptismal catechumenate if the members have not received the sacrament of baptism), an ongoing education in faith and a service of catechesis.

The Neocatechumenal Way is implemented in the dioceses under the direction of the diocesan Bishop and with the guidance of the Responsible Team of the Way according «to the lines proposed by its initiators».

Responsibles of the Way

Currently the international responsible team for the Neocatechumenal way is made of the initiators Kiko Argüello and Carmen Hernández (both from Spain), and an Italian priest, Father Mario Pezzi of the Diocese of Rome. The international team names the electoral college (from eighty to a hundred and twenty members) that will be in charge of the election of the new "Responsible Team").

From the international team depend the local teams of «itinerant Catechists» (currently around seven hundred), appointed by the international team of the Neocatechumenal Way in the various nations or areas of the world. These teams of «itinerant catechists» for the evangelization are usually formed by celibate men or women, by a lay married couple and by a priest (permission from his bishop or his ordinary is required). They contribute in forming the first neocatechumenal communities of a parish, and are supposed to maintain regular contact with the Bishops of the diocese in which they work; the itinerant teams preserve a constant link with the responsibles of the Neocatechumenal Way, visiting periodically the communities they catechized and taking care of the development of the Neocatechumenal Way in the territory assigned to them, being fully faithful to the charism given to the initiators and obedient to the local Ordinary.

The «itinerant teams» may begin the Neocatechumenal Way in another diocese, generally upon the request of a pastor and the permission of the Ordinary.

Furthermore the «itinerant catechists» are free to interrupt at any moment their own missionary experience.

Missionary Activity

In front of the de-secularization of Northern Europe and vast areas in the world, the Initiators of the Neocatechumenal Way, have began the experience of families in mission to help establishing through this charism, the presence of the Catholic Church in countries where it is non existent (the so-called Implantatio Ecclesiae) or to help to strengthen the present Catholic communities in particularly difficult areas.

About two-hundred families asked to Pope Benedict XVI to confer the missionary mandate before beginning their mission on January 12, 2006 bringing the number of «Families in Mission» from the Neocatechumenal Way to over five-hundred in the entire world..

The Redemptoris Mater Seminaries

File:Seminario R M .png

Redemptoris Mater Seminary Logo

Kiko and Carmen also started the "Redemptoris Mater" Seminaries. These diocesan seminaries are presented as a fruit of the Second Vatican Council as well as a fruit of the prophetical vision of Pope John Paul II and accept only priestly vocations coming from the Neocatechumenal Way. The idea to establish these seminaries started in Rome, the diocese of the Holy Father, to establish a seminary with these characteristics:

• international, i.e. with vocations coming from different nations;
• missionary, i.e. that upon ordination, the priests are available to go wherever the ordinary sends them.

In 1988, the first Redemptoris Mater Seminary was erected by Cardinal Poletti, Vicar of the Holy Father in Rome.

These seminaries have vocations that come forth from the Neocatechumenal Way. The seminarians in these seminaries have the same educational formation as the other diocesan seminarians, following the directives of the nations where they are erected. The«Redemptoris Mater» Seminaries are not seminaries of the Neocatechumenal Way but diocesan seminaries under the full jurisdiction of the ordinary. Today, 73 "Redemptoris Mater" Seminaries have been started in the world, which have led to ordain more than 1200 priests.

Statistics of the Neocatechumenal Way

The following table contains statistics for the number of communities in Europe, the Americas, the Middle East and other selected countries. Communities are established in a parish within a diocese, and each community usually consists of between 20 to 50 people.

Americas - Nation	Communities
Argentina	1.500
Bolivia	400
Brazil	5.600
Canada	44
Chile	460
Colombia	2.000
Costa Rica	350
Cuba	50
Dominican Rep.	560
Ecuador	570
El Salvador	500
Guatemala	800
Honduras	440
Mexico	3.200
Nicaragua	300
Panamá	200
Paraguay	500
Perú	960
Puerto Rico	130
United States of America	600
Uruguay	200
Venezuela	1.100
Middle East - Nation	Communities
Egypt	30
Iraq	9
Israel	15
Jordan	14
Kuwait	3
Lebanon	52
Palestine	7
Other Countries - Nation	Communities
Australia	50
Hong Kong	6
India	500
Pakistan	13
Philippines	700
Sri Lanka	20

Europe - Nation	Communities
Albania	22
Andorra	20
Austria	38
Belarus	11
Belgium	30
Bulgaria	10
Croatia	250
Cyprus	5
Czech Republic	40
Denmark	7
England	35
Estonia	5
Finland	6
France	60
Georgia	6
Germany	50
Greece	6
Hungary	40
Ireland	25
Italy	10,000
Latvia	9
Lithuania	20
Luxembourg	1
Malta	100
Monaco	4
Netherlands	40
Norway	4
Poland	1,000
Portugal	300
Romania	50
Russia	5
San Marino	5
Scotland	3
Serbia, Bosnia & Macedonia	30
Slovakia	65
Slovenia	40
Switzerland	35
Spain	10,000
Sweden	10
Turkey	8
Ukraine	45

The highest number of communities found in Europe (and the World) are found in Italy. Other countries in Europe such as Spain, Poland, Portugal, Croatia and Malta have high numbers of communities too. The highest density of communities in the world per population is found in Malta (with 100 communities on an island nation of only 400,000 Maltese); Guam comes second with 35 communities (the Catholic population of the island is just over 115,000), closely followed by Andorra with 20 communities in a nation of 70.000 persons.

Other countries with large numbers of communities include the Philippines, with more than 700 communities. In Australia there are about 50 communities. The communities in Africa, rapidly growing, are currently more than 800. The Neocatechumenal Way is also present in the Middle East. Other countries in Asia such as China, Japan, India (with more than 500 communities), Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Pakistan and Indonesia have the Neocatechumenal Way.

The World Youth Days

Antonio María Rouco Varela speaking in a catechesis during the Pope's visit in Bavaria

The World Youth Day is periodically organized by the Roman Catholic Church, during which youths from all over the world are gathered by the Pope in a particular chosen city around the world. The Neocatechumenal Way is an active organizer within the World Youth Days and rallies many youth from the Neocatechumenal Communities to attend the World Youth Day. During the last World Youth Day, held in Cologne in August 2005, nearly one hundred thousand youth from the Neocatechumenal Way made it to Cologne, nearly about 10% of the total of all the youths from around the World who attended the event.

After the meeting with the Pope held for all the youths, the initiators of the Neocatechumenal Way organize a meeting with the Neocatechumenal Way youths, at the end of which a call for vocations is made by Kiko Argüello. In Bonn in 2005, around one thousand five hundred (1,500) young men answered the call for the priesthood, together with another nine hundred (900) young women who felt called to enter a religious order. These young men and women, begin a process of discernment in their own dioceses and parishes (most of the priestly vocations go to a "Redemptoris Mater" seminary), which may lead to priesthood or consecrated life.

At a meeting in Loreto in September 2007 led by Pope Benedict XVI, which was organised as a run-up to the WYD in Sydney in 2008, more than 100,000 Neocatechumenal Way youths exclusively from Europe attended the meeting. The next day, during the meeting organised for the youths of the Neocatechumenal Way, according to the organizers, two thousand young men and one thousand two hundred young women from Europe answered the call for consecrated life.

The Statutes

The Statutes of the Neocatechumenal Way approved in June 2002 by Pontifical Council for the Laity are marked as ad experimentum (Latin words meaning "experimental version") for five years. The five years period finished in June 2007, and they are now officially approved.

As the name states, the "Statutes" contain the formal regulations which define the Way as a Catholic post-baptismal catechumenate within the Catholic Church. The "Catechetical Directory" contains the methods, the directions on the liturgy and the catechetical points of the Way. The approval of the latter is therefore a necessary condition to a final validation of the Statutes (which contain numerous cross-references to the Catechetical Directory).

The Catechetical Directory of the Way has already undergone a first scrutiny by the Congregation for Faith and has been granted an informal approval , during the time it was headed by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger; currently the Holy See Congregations are still in the process of verifying this "Catechetical Directory" (it consists of more than fourteen volumes), and giving the final approval.

On September 21, 2002, The Holy Father, at the time John Paul II, mentioned the Statutes when speaking to the members of the neocatechumenal way, that «it is now the task of the competent offices of the Holy See to examine the Catechetical Directory and the catechetical and liturgical practices of the Way. I am sure that its members willingly and generously support the directives they will receive from these authoritative sources».

Recent official statements

Vatican Letter (12/05)

The Holy See is mainly concerned about Neocatechumenal liturgies. On December 1, 2005, a few days after Benedict XVI met in a private audience Kiko Argüello, Carmen Hernández and father Mario Pezzi, Cardinal Francis Arinze sent to Argüello, Hernández and father Pezzi a letter containing «Holy Father's decisions» about Neocatechumenal liturgies, requiring that «in the celebration of the Holy Mass, the Neocatechumenal Way shall accept and follow the liturgical books approved by the Church, without omitting or adding anything» and stating that:

• «at least one Sunday per month, the communities of the Neocatechumenal Way must participate in the Holy Mass of the parish community»;
• «as for any admonitions issued before the readings, these must be brief»;
• «the homily... is reserved to the priest or deacon»;
• about "echoes", that they be brief and not take the place of an homily» (but stating also that «occasional contribution of testimonies» are permitted only «on particular days - for seminarians, the sick, etc», «occasionally and with prudence» and «careful attention»);
• «on the exchange of peace, permission is granted to the Neocatechumenal Way to continue using the indult already granted, pending further instructions»;
• «on the manner of receiving Holy Communion, a period of transition (not exceeding two years) is granted to the Neocatechumenal Way to pass from the widespread manner of receiving Holy Communion in its communities to the normal way in which the entire Church receives Holy Communion. This means that the Neocatechumenal Way must begin to adopt the manner of distributing the Body and Blood of Christ that is provided in the liturgical books».

The Letter ends acknowledging the numerous fruits borne by the Neocatechumenal Way.

Recent developments

Mission Families (1/2006)

On 12 January, 2006, two hundred Neocatechumenal families, sent by Kiko to evangelize France, Belgium, Germany and China, asked for an audience to pope Benedict XVI, who gave a «special greeting and blessing» to members of the Way and to families about to go in mission.

The Pope also spoke about the "certain norms" contained in the letter from the Congregation for Divine Worship on the celebration of the Holy Eucharist in the Neocatechumenal communities. He explained that the purpose of these norms is to make the apostolate of the Neocatechumenal Way even more effective in communion with all the People of God.

Currently, there are five hundred Neocatechumenal families in mission in all the continents around the world.

A letter to the Pope (1/2006)

On 17 January 2006, Kiko Argüello, Carmen Hernández and father Mario Pezzi sent to pope Benedict XVI a letter in which they claim to be "very content with the norms" about liturgy, but claim the need to "speak with the Bishop of each Diocese" to arrange the participation "at least one Sunday per month", and still praise the Neocatechumenal liturgies, while thanking for the "period of two years" about distributing the Communion (period of transition given in Arinze's letter was expressed as "not exceeding two years", while Kiko, Carmen and Pezzi thank for "granting a period of two years").

Pope meeting with Clergy (2/2007)

On Thursday 22 February 2007, the Holy Father, Pope Benedict XVI, met the clergy of Rome. In a question-and-answer session with Roman clergy Fr Gerardo Raul Carcar asked the Pope for advice on how he should integrate movements in order to develop a real ministry of unity in the universal Church.

The Neocatechumenal Way was mentioned briefly by the Pope in the following:

"For example, we ask ourselves whether, after five years of experience, it is possible to confirm definitively the Statutes for the Neocatechumenal Way, whether a trial period is necessary or whether, perhaps, certain elements of this structure need perfecting."

"In any case, I knew the Neocatechumens from the very outset. It was a long Way, with many complications that still exist today, but we have found an ecclesial form that has already vastly improved the relationship between the Pastor and the Way. We are going ahead like this! The same can be said for other Movements." Benedict XVI cited the Neocatechumenal Way as an example of much improved relationships between pastors and movements.

The Holy Father cited two rules for movements' growth: respect for the charism, and integration with and service of the Church.

Letter from the Bishops of the Holy Land (2/2007)

Additionally three days later, on the 25, The Catholic bishops of the Holy Land wrote a letter welcoming the Neocatechumenal Way, saying, amongst other things:

1. Brothers and sisters of the Way: You are welcome in our dioceses
2. We thank God for the grace the Lord has given you and for the charism that the Holy Spirit has infused in the Church through your ministry of post-baptismal formation.
3. We are grateful for your presence in some of our parishes, for the preaching of the Word of God, for the help given to our faithful in deepening their faith and in rooting them in their own local church.
4. May the peace and love of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you always.
5. The Eucharist is the sacrament of unity in the parish. And so we ask that the Eucharistic celebrations, in all the Eastern rites as well as in the Latin rite, be presided over always by the pastor, or in the case of the Latin rite, in full agreement with him.
6. We are grateful for your presence in some of our parishes, for the preaching of the Word of God, for the help given to our faithful in deepening their faith and in rooting them in their own local church.

Melkite Leader Invites Neocatechumenal Way

In late March (2007), Abuna Elias Chacour (Melkite Archbishop of the Archeparchy of Akka [San Giovanni d'Acri; Tolemaide]) in Galilee, Israel; has proposed the establishment of a new "branch" of the Neocatechumenal Way to work specifically in the Eastern-rite Church, "I prayed and looked for someone or some community to preach the Good News to my parishioners."

He also mentions the fruits born of The Way in Israel, "We know the tree by its fruits, and after several months of diligent work in the different parishes of the Melkite Catholic diocese, your group has given some excellent fruits."

He continues stating that the Communities would have to conform to the Melkite rites, "I would be happy to consider even a branch of the Neocatechumenate to join our Church and adopt the Melkite Catholic rite."

Archbishop Chacour states in his message that he has searched for "someone or some community to preach the Good News to my parishioners" as an answer to proselytism of the sects, and that the Neocatechumenal Way is an answer.

Father Rino Rossi, received the letter with great joy and reported to ZENIT that "We share the sense of urgency expressed by Archbishop Chacour to evangelize 'the living stones' in the land of the Lord."

It has now also been announced that a Redemptoris Mater Seminary of the Melkite Rite is due to open in 2008.

3,200 Neocatechumenal Youth from Europe Show Readiness to Follow Call

September 3, 2007 one day after the meeting with the Holy Father the Neocatechumenal Way held a meeting with all of the youth from Europe. 100,000 youth attended this event, not just from Europe but also from the Asian and Middle Eastern countries. This Monday meeting celebrated by Archbishop Rylko included a procession consisting of 1,000 priests and the gospel acclamation. The Archbishop said “The Holy Father wants to convey a message to all young people, that being a Christian is beautiful.”

Since the meeting with Pope John Paul II in 1984 the Way has had vocational calls in order to “harvest the fruits” which grew in the encounters with the Holy Father. When the call was made in Loreto some 2,000 man and 1,200 women stood up showing their willingness to become priests or to live a consecrated life and received a blessing (another independent source reports the actual overall number being around but not larger than one thousand ).

Criticisms and Challenges for the Neocatechumenal Way

During the 40 years since it’s beginning, and especially in the '80s and '90s, some local bishops and priests have expressed concerns regarding the validity of this experience. In some instances, a few diocesan bishops have issued letters or decrees to control this reality at a local level, or regarding the modalities of its liturgies.

Some other critiques came from priests and theologians who challenged the validity of its teachings, liturgies and its practices.

All these challenges though, spread over a period of forty years have been mostly overcome by the Vatican in 2002, with the Approval " of the Statutes of the Neocatechumenal Way ("ad experimentum", for a period of five years), which is valid, according to Canon Law, for the Universal Church.

on December 2nd 2005 an official Letter from Pope Benedict XVI, written by Cardinal Arinze (see related section 9.1) has issued a set of requirements for the Neocatechumenal way regarding the attendance of Sunday mass and the Eucharistic Liturgy, conceding a two-years time for compliance. This term expired on December 2nd 2007.

In June 2007 the five years "ad experimentum" time of the Statutes expired. No official statement by the Catholic Church has been made about their prolongation or definitive approval.

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External links

• Official Neocatechumenal Way website
• The Neocatechumenal Way in the US
• Official Statutes "ad experimentum" of Neocatechumenal Way
• website run by catholic priests with criticisms about the Neocatechumenal way