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This is a list of notable Pacific hurricanes, subdivided by reason for notability. It includes lists and rankings of Pacific hurricanes by different characteristics, statistics, and impacts. Characteristics include extremes of location, or formations outside of the normal season. Statistics include central pressure levels, wind speed, intensity, or rainfall totals. Impacts include how they affected people, such as the amount of damage or the number of deaths.

Hurricane Pauline devastated parts of Mexico, killing over 200

Retired names

Main article: List of retired Pacific hurricane names

Additionally, Adolph and Israel were removed from the list of names during and after the 2001 season due to political sensitivities. Knut was removed from the list in 1988 for unknown reasons. Adele and Iva were also removed in 1970 and 1988 respectively for unknown reasons. Hazel was replaced in 1965.[1]

Unnamed but historically significant

Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Name Year Notes
San Diego Hurricane 1858 Strongest tropical cyclone to affect California[2]
Long Beach Tropical Storm 1939 Only known modern landfall in California[3]
Mexico Hurricane 1959 Most intense landfall[4]

Effect

Hurricane Ismael killed 105 people in Mexico

Deadliest east Pacific storms

These killed 100 or more people.

Deaths Name Year
1500–2000+ Unnamed 1959[5][6][7]
1008+ Hurricane Paul 1982[8]
600–950+ Hurricane Liza 1976[9][6][10]
500 Hurricane Tara 1961[11]
230–400 Hurricane Pauline 1997[12]
9–114 Hurricane Tico 1983[13]
105 Hurricane Ismael 1995[14]
100 Unnamed 1943[15]

Costliest Eastern Pacific hurricanes adjusted to 2005 USD

Damage from Hurricane Iniki

All of these storms caused at least 50 million USD (adjusted to 2005) in damage. Iniki and Iwa are central Pacific systems; the remainder are from eastern Pacific proper.

Cost
(millions) 		Name Year Location
$8840 Hurricane Pauline 1997 Mexico[16]
$3000 Hurricane Iniki 1992 Hawaii[17]
$549 Hurricane Kathleen 1976 Mexico, California, Arizona[18]
$507 Hurricane Iwa 1982 Hawaii[19]
$300 Lidia & Norma (see below) 1981 Mexico, Texas[20][21]
$190 Hurricane Bridget 1971 Mexico[22]
$118 Hurricane Nora 1997 Mexico, California, Arizona[23]
$110 Hurricane Lane 2006 Mexico[24]
$53-107 Hurricane Kenna 2002 Mexico[25]
$61 Hurricane John 2006 Mexico[26]
$52 Hurricane Calvin 1993 Mexico[27]
$51 Unnamed 1943 Mexico[15]

Tropical Storm Lidia and Hurricane Norma hit Mexico within a week of each other in 1981. Conflated together, they caused $84 million (198  USD) in damage. Hence it is possible that Lidia is on the list if it caused most of that damage total.[20] Hurricane Norma is definitely on the most-damaging list since its remnants caused $50 million in damage in Texas.[21]

Seasonal activity

In the central Pacific, the seasons with the most tropical cyclones are 1992 and 1994, each with 11 cyclones. A season without cyclones has happened a few times since 1966, most recently in 1979.[28]

Highest

Track map of the 1992 Pacific hurricane season, the busiest ever recorded
Year Eastern Central Total
Tropical
storms 		Hurricanes Tropical
storms 		Hurricanes
Minor Major Minor Major
1992 season 10 6 9 1 0 2 27
1985 season 10 4 8 1 1 0 24
1982 season 8 6 5 3 1 0 23
1983 season 9 4 8 0 0 0 21
1990 season 4 10 6 1 0 0 21

Lowest

Before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,[29] and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.[30] Intensity estimates are most reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two things make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year.[30] For these reasons, seasons prior to 1971 are not included.

Year Eastern Central Total
Tropical
storms 		Hurricanes Tropical
storms 		Hurricanes
Minor Major Minor Major
1977 season 4 4 0 0 0 0 8
1996 season 4 3 2 0 0 0 9
1999 season 3 4 2 0 0 0 9
1995 season 3 4 3 0 0 0 10
1979 season 4 2 4 0 0 0 10

Characteristics

Off-season storms (Eastern)

An meteorological enigma, Hurricane Ekeka formed in January

Hurricane season runs from May 15 to November 30.[31]

Off-season storms (Central)

Hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30.[31]

Greatest Duration

This lists all Pacific hurricanes that existed as tropical cyclones while in the Pacific Ocean east of the dateline for more than two weeks continuously. Hurricanes John and Dora spent some time in the west Pacific before dissipating. John spent eleven days west of the dateline; if that time was included John would have existed for a total of 30 days and 18 hours, while including Dora's time in the west Pacific would mean that it existed for exactly 18 days.[34] One Atlantic hurricane, Hurricane Joan, crossed into this basin and was renamed Miriam,[38] giving it a total lifespan of 22 days,[39] but not all of that was in the Pacific. 1993's Greg formed from the remnants of 1993's Tropical Storm Bret.[38] Its time as an Atlantic system is excluded.

All of these systems except Trudy, Olaf, and Connie existed in both the east and central Pacific, and all except Olaf were hurricanes. Hurricane Trudy of 1990 is thus the longest lived eastern Pacific hurricane to stay in the eastern Pacific. Tropical Storm Olaf of 1997 is hence the longest-lived eastern Pacific tropical cyclone not to reach hurricane intensity.[34]

No known tropical cyclone forming in the central north Pacific lasted for longer than 14 days without crossing into another basin.[34] The tropical cyclone forming in the central Pacific that spent the most time there was 1988's Hurricane Uleki at 11.5 days from formation to crossing the dateline.[40]

File:Tina 92 peak1a.jpg
Hurricane Tina
Duration (days) Name Season
24.50 Tina 1992[34]
20.00 Fico 1978[34]
19.00 John 1994[34]
17.50 Kevin 1991[34]
16.75 Trudy 1990[34]
16.50 Guillermo 1997[34]
16.50 Olaf 1997[34]
16.25 Kenneth 2005[34]
16.25 Celeste 1972[34]
16.25 Doreen 1973[34]
16.00 Daniel 1982[34]
15.25 Connie 1974[34]
14.50 Kay 1980[34]
14.00 Greg 1993[34]
14.00 Dora 1999[34]

Before the weather satellite era began, the lifespans of many Pacific hurricanes may be underestimated.[30]

Category 5s

See also: List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes


Becoming a Category 5 (sustained windspeeds greater than 155 mph) is achieved regularly in the Western Pacific but is rare in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. Since 1959, only 12 Pacific hurricanes are known to have reached Category 5 and only one made landfall while at this intensity. Category 5 hurricanes in the Eastern Pacific generally form only during El Niño years, causing a clumping of Category 5 storms in single years. Only twice, in 1973 and 2006, did a lone Category 5 form. Interestingly, Hurricane Ava, became a Category 5 hurricane during a La Niña year, when the Eastern Pacific is usually quiet.

It is possible that additional Category 5's formed before the satellite era began, but were missed because no one was around to report them.

The Central Pacific Hurricane Center and the National Hurricane Center disagree on the windspeeds of Emilia. The CPHC considers Emilia to have had a peak windspeed of 140 knots, which qualifies it as a Category 5.[41] The NHC contradicts. In both its own report on Emilia[42] and in its official "best track" file[34] only gives Emilia a maximum sustained wind of 135 knots, which is a high-end Category 4.

Listed by intensity

Hurricane Linda, the most intense Pacific hurricane on record

The apparent increase in recent seasons is spurious; it is due to better estimation and measurement, not an increase in intense storms. That is, until 1988, Pacific hurricanes generally did not have their central pressures measured or estimated from satellite imagery.

Rank Hurricane Year Pressure
1 Linda 1997 902 mbar*
2 Kenna 2002 913 mbar‡
3 Ava 1973 915 mbar†
4 Ioke 2006 915 mbar*~
5 Guillermo 1997 919 mbar*
6 Gilma 1994 920 mbar*
7 Elida 2002 921 mbar*
Hernan 2002 921 mbar*
9 Olivia 1994 923 mbar*
Juliette 2001 923 mbar†

* Estimated from satellite imagery

‡ Measured and adjusted

† Measured

~ Pressure while East of the International Dateline

Strongest landfalls

Pacific hurricanes with a wind speed of 140 mph (220 km/h) or higher at landfall
Hurricane Season Wind speed Ref.
Otis 2023 160 mph (260 km/h) [43]
Patricia 2015 150 mph (240 km/h) [44]
Madeline 1976 145 mph (230 km/h) [45]
Iniki 1992 [17]
Twelve 1957 140 mph (220 km/h) [46]
"Mexico" 1959 [46]
Kenna 2002 [47]
Lidia 2023 [48]

The following is by the strongest landfalls by wind speed:

  1. 1959 Mexico hurricane in 1959[4]
  2. Hurricane Madeline in 1976[49]
  3. Hurricane Kenna in 2002[49]
1976's Hurricane Madeline is the Pacific hurricane with the second-highest winds at landfall

Strongest storm in each month

Eastern

Hurricane Kenna is the strongest October tropical cyclone in the eastern Pacific proper

Hurricane season runs from May 15 to November 30 in the north Pacific Ocean east of 140°W.[31]

Month Name Year Minimum pressure
January never n/a n/a mb (hPa)
February Unnamed† 1922 unknown mb (hPa)[32]
March never n/a n/a mb (hPa)
April never n/a n/a mb (hPa)
May Adolph 2001 mb (hPa)[34]
June Ava 1973 ≤915 mb (hPa)[34]
July Gilma 1994 ≤920 mb (hPa)[34]
August Guillermo 1997 919 mb (hPa)[34]
September Linda 1997 902 mb (hPa)[34]
October Kenna 2002 913 mb (hPa)[34]
November Unnamed 1925 953 mb (hPa)[33]
December Winnie 1983 unknown[34]

† This tropical cyclone is the strongest to form in its months by virture of its being the only known system.

Central

Hurricane Ioke, the most intense hurricane in the central north Pacific ever recorded

Hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30 in the north Pacific Ocean between 140°W and the international date line.[31]

Month Name Year Minimum pressure
January Ekeka 1992 unknown‡ mb (hPa)[34]
February Ekeka† 1992 unknown‡ mb (hPa)[34]
March Hali† 1992 unknown mb (hPa)[34]
April Carmen† 1980 unknown‡ mb (hPa)[50]
May Unnamed† 1906 unknown mb (hPa)[36]
June Barbara† 2001 1006 mb (hPa)[34]
July Emilia 1994 926 mb (hPa)[34]
August Ioke 2006 915‡ mb (hPa)[34]
September Iniki 1992 938 mb (hPa)[34]
October Susan 1978 954 mb (hPa)[34]
November Huko 2002 980‡ mb (hPa)[34]
December Paka 1997 unknown‡ mb (hPa)[34]

† These tropical cyclones are the strongest to form in their months by virture of their being the only known systems.

‡ Pressure while east of the dateline.

Crossover storms

Eastern Pacific to Atlantic

This includes only systems which stayed a tropical cyclone during the passage or that maintained a circulation during the crossover.

Season Storm (Pacific) Storm (Atlantic)
1842 Unnamed Unnamed[51]
1902 Unnamed tropical depression Unnamed[52]
1923 Unnamed Unnamed[53]
1949 Unnamed Unnamed[38]
1961 Simone Inga (see below)[54]
1965 Unnamed tropical depression Unnamed[55]
1989 Cosme Allison[38]

In addition to those, there are apparently two additional ones. One existed before 1856 and made it to the Gulf of Mexico.[56] Another Pacific tropical cyclone crossed over central Mexico and also made it to the Gulf sometime after September 9, 1924.[56]

With reanalysis, doubt has arisen over whether Tropical Storm Simone, the renamed Hurricane Hattie, recrossed the North American continent and actually became Tropical Storm Inga.[54]

It used to be that when a Pacific named storm crossed North America and made it to the Atlantic (or vice versa), it would receive the next name on the respective basin's list. This policy has since been changed to a tropical cyclone keeping its name if it remains a tropical cyclone during the entire passage. Only if it dissipates and then re-forms does it get renamed.[57]

Eastern Pacific to Western Pacific

2003's Hurricane Jimena existed in all three north Pacific tropical cyclone basins

Tropical cyclones passing 140°W are routine events and not notable; the last year that did not happen was 1996.[58] However, very few eastern Pacific proper cyclones that enter the central Pacific make it to the dateline.

Name Season
Georgette† 1986[59]
Enrique† 1991[60]
John 1994[61]
Dora 1999[62]
Jimena 2003[63]

† System ceased to be a tropical cyclone before crossing the dateline and subsequently reforming.

Central Pacific to western Pacific

Tropical cyclones that cross from the eastern Pacific to the western Pacific must by definition pass through the central Pacific. This section excludes tropical cyclones that formed east of 140°W and made it to the dateline; only ones that formed in the central north Pacific are listed here.

Typhoon Ele was Hurricane Ele before it crossed the dateline
Name Season
Unnamed 1904[36]
Unnamed 1906[36]
Della 1957[64]
Sarah 1967[65]
Ruby 1972[66]
Two-C 1983[67]
Two-C/Skip 1985[68]
Peke 1987[69]
Uleki 1988[70]
Aka 1990[71]
Ekeka 1992[17]
Keoni 1993[72]
Li 1994[41]
Oliwa 1997[73]
Paka 1997[73]
Ele 2002[74]
Huko 2002[74]
Ioke 2006[75]

Tropical Storm Upana and Tropical Storm Chanchu are an unofficial dateline crosser. The official policy for Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones is that they keep their name when they cross basin boundaries. Hence, Tropical Storm Upana and Tropical Storm Chanchu are not "officially" the same cyclone; however, a number of meteorologists believe that they are the same system, with Upana's remnants crossing the dateline and reforming in the western Pacific, explaining the renaming.[76]

Central Pacific to eastern Pacific

The 2006 central Pacific cyclone

Tropical cyclones crossing from the eastern Pacific to the central Pacific are routine; ones going the other way aren't. That event has happened twice.

Name Season
Unnamed 1975[34]
Ema 1982[34]

In addition, an unofficial cyclone formed on October 30, 2006 in the central Pacific subtropics. It eventually developed an eye-like structure[77] Its track data indicates that it crossed from the central to the east Pacific because it formed at longitude 149°W and dissipated at 135°W.[78] NASA, which is not a meteorological organization, called this system a subtropical cyclone, and the Naval Research Laboratory Monterey had enough interest in it to call it 91C.[77] The system has also been called extratropical.[79] This cyclone is unofficial because it is not included in the seasonal reports of either Regional Specialized Meteorological Center.[75][80]

Unusual Landfalls

California

See also: List of California hurricanes

Hawaii

See also: List of Hawaii hurricanes
Hurricane Iniki over Hawaii

Central America

Extreme latitudes and longitudes

The unnamed hurricane of 1975

The easternmost formation of any eastern Pacific tropical cyclone is 1993's Hurricane Greg, which started out as Tropical Storm Bret in the Atlantic and formed at 40°W.[39] If systems that were not continuously a tropical cyclone are excluded, the easternmost east Pacific tropical cyclone is 1972's Hurricane Olivia, which was originally the Atlantic's Hurricane Irene, which formed at 48°W.[39] Excluding cyclones that crossed in from the Atlantic, the easternmost formation in the eastern north Pacific is 1970's Hurricane Francesca, which formed slightly west of 87°W.[34]

The westernmost formation is of Tropical Depression 17W, which formed west of 177°E, before crossing the dateline.[94] Excluding western Pacific systems that cross the dateline, the westernmost formation is Tropical Storm Moke, which formed at 178°W.[34]

The southernmost formation is of Tropical Depression One-C, which later became Hurricane Ekeka. One-C formed at 5°N.[34]

The northernmost formation is Tropical Storm Wene, which formed in the western Pacific at 32°N before crossing the dateline.[95] Excluding dateline crossers, the northernmost formation is of an Unnamed Hurricane in the 1975 season, which formed at 31°N.[34] Both of these latitudes are south of where that unofficial cyclone, the 2006 central Pacific cyclone formed, which was 36°N.[78]

The easternmost longitude a northeastern Pacific tropical cyclone has reached is 84°W. That was the longitude where an unnamed tropical depression went extratropical after crossing into the Atlantic and becoming a tropical storm.[39] Excluding systems that cross into the Atlantic, the easternmost longitude attained by a tropical cyclone in the Pacific Ocean was slightly east of 87°W, by Tropical Depression Adrian.[34]

The westernmost longitude a northeastern Pacific tropical cyclone has attained is 130°E, by Typhoon Oliwa after it crossed the dateline. If it is required that eastern Pacific tropical cyclones stay in the eastern Pacific, the westernmost a tropical cyclone has reached is 179°W, by Hurricane Dot.[34]

The southernmost an eastern north Pacific tropical cyclone has reached is 4°N, by the pre-Ekeka depression.[34]

The northernmost tropical cyclone in the eastern north Pacific is the unnamed hurricane of 1975. It ceased being a tropical cyclone at 54°N.[34]

Named named storms per month

Before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,[29] and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.[30] Intensity estimates are more reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year.[30] For these reasons, seasons before 1971 are not included in the lowest column.

This excludes cyclones that crossed in from other basins.

Only the official "Best track" records are used for monthly totaling. This excludes all systems before 1949.

Eastern

Three of the September cyclones during the 2005 season, and the disturbance that developed into another
Month Most named Least named
Number Season Number Season
Pre-season 1 1990
1996		 0 Many†
Late May 2 1956
1984
2007		 0 Many†
June 5 1985 0 2004
2005
2007
July 7 1985 1 1972
1977
1996
August 8 1968 0 1996
September 6 1965
1966
2005		 1 Many†
October 5 1992 0 Many†
November 2 2006 0 Many†
Post-season 1 1983 0 Many†

† Shared by more than three seasons.


Central

Only systems of tropical storm strength or higher are included; tropical depressions are excluded.

For all months, many seasons have had zero cyclone of tropical storm strength or higher.[28]

Month Most
Number Season
Pre-season 2 1992
June 1 2001
July 3 1982
1994
August 4 1978
September 3 1982
1985
October 2 1983
2002
November 1 1972
1982
Post-season 1 1997

Earliest system by Category

Saffir–Simpson scale
TD TS C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

This includes all tropical cyclones of tropical storm intensity or higher. A tropical cyclone becomes a tropical storm and is named once it acquires gale-force (35 kt) winds.[96]

These only include systems for which their wind speed is known at the time. Hence, although it certainly is the earliest-forming-in-a-season tropical cyclone in the eastern Pacific proper, the February 1922 hurricane that hassled a ship while it was "coming up the coast" cannot be placed here as its wind speed is not known.[32]

Eastern

Category Name Date
Earliest Tropical Storm Alma May 14, 1990
Unnamed May 14, 1996
Earliest Category 1 Alma May 15, 1990
Earliest Category 2 Adolph May 24, 1983
Earliest Category 3 Adolph May 28, 2001
Earliest Category 4 Adolph May 28, 2001
Earliest Category 5 Ava June 7, 1973
Latest Category 5 Unnamed October 27, 1959
Latest Category 4 Ignacio October 28, 1979
Latest Category 3 Xina October 29, 1985
Latest Category 2 Sergio November 16, 2006
Latest Category 1 Winnie December 6, 1983
Latest Tropical Storm Winnie December 7, 1983

Central

Category Name Date
Earliest Tropical Storm Ekeka January 28, 1992
Earliest Catehory 1 Ekeka January 30, 1992
Earliest Category 2 Ekeka January 31, 1992
Earliest Category 3 Ekeka February 2, 1992
Earliest Category 4 Emilia July 18, 1994
Earliest Category 5 Emilia July 19, 1994
Latest Category 5 Patsy September 6, 1959
Latest Category 4 Susan October 22, 1978
Latest Category 3 Susan October 22, 1978
Latest Category 2 Susan ~October 22, 1978†
Latest Category 1 Nina December 6, 1957
Latest Tropical Storm Nina December 7, 1957

† Best track data skips this category, going straight from Category 3 to 1

Earliest forming by storm number

Seasons since 1966. Current as of the end of the 2006 season.

All indicated dates are when the system strengthened into a tropical storm, not the day their predecessor depression formed, which is often hours or days earlier.

Eastern

Only storms forming in the area of responsibility of the National Hurricane Center, Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center, or United States Fleet Weather Central are included.

Storm Number Name Season Day
Storm 1 Hurricane Alma 1990 May 14[34]
Unnamed Tropical Storm 1996 May 14[34]
Storm 2 Hurricane Boris 1984 May 29[34]
Storm 3 Hurricane Connie 1974 June 8[34]
Storm 4 Hurricane Dolores 1974 June 14[34]
Storm 5 Hurricane Elida 1990 June 26[34]
Storm 6 Hurricane Fausto 1984 July 3[34]
Storm 7 Hurricane Genevieve 1984 July 7[34]
Storm 8 Tropical Storm Hilda 1985 July 19[34]
Storm 9 Hurricane Ignacio 1985 July 21[34]
Storm 10 Hurricane Jimena 1985 July 21[34]
Storm 11 Tropical Storm Kevin 1985 July 29[34]
Storm 12 Tropical Storm Linda 1985 July 31[34]
Storm 13 Hurricane Marty 1985 August 7[34]
Storm 14 Tropical Storm Nora 1985 August 21[34]
Storm 15 Hurricane Olaf 1985 August 24[34]
Storm 16 Hurricane Pauline 1985 August 31[34]
Storm 17 Hurricane Rick 1985 September 2[34]
Storm 18 Hurricane Sandra 1985 September 7[34]
Storm 19 Hurricane Terry 1985 September 16[34]
Storm 20 Tropical Storm Vivian 1985 September 20[34]
Storm 21 Hurricane Winifred 1992 October 7[34]
Storm 22 Tropcial Storm Xavier 1992 October 14[34]
Storm 23 Tropical Storm Yolanda 1992 October 18[34]
Storm 24 Tropical Storm Zeke 1992 October 26[34]

Central

Only systems first being named in the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's or the Joint Hurricane Warning Center's area of responsibility are included.

Storm Number Name Season Day
Storm 1 Ekeka 1992 January 28[34]
Storm 2 Hali 1992 March 29[34]
Storm 3 Moke 1984 September 4[34]
Storm 4 Iwa 1982 November 19[34]

Wettest tropical cyclones

See also: list of wettest tropical cyclones by country

All of these values are point maxima.

Mexico

See also: Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
File:Juliette2001filledrainblk.gif
Rainfall data from 2001's Hurricane Juliette
Precipitation Name Season Measuring
Station
Rank Inches Millimeters
1 39.80 1010.92 Juliette 2001 Cuadano/Santiago[97]
2 27.01 686.054 Pauline 1997 San Luis Acatlan[98]
3 24.73 628.142 Odile 1984 Costa Azul/Acapulco[99]
4 24.02 610.108 Isis 1998 Caduano/Santiago[100]
5 22.44 569.976 Flossie 2001 Suchixtlahuaca[101]
6 22.32 566.928 Greg 1999 Tecoman[102]
7 20.94 531.876 Nora 1997 La Cruz/Elota[103]
8 20.68 525.272 Eugene 1987 Aquila[104]
9 20.59 522.986 Lidia 1981 El Varonjal/Badiraguato[105]
10 19.69 500.126 Ignacio 2003 Yeneca/Los Cabos[106]

Hawaii

See also: United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
Tropical Storm Paul
Precipitation Name Season Measuring
Station
Rank Inches Millimeters
1 52.00 1320.8 Hiki 1950 Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station[107]
2 38.76 984.504 Paul 2000 Kapapala Ranch[108]
3 25.00 635 Maggie 1970 Unavailable[109]
4 20.42 518.668 Nina 1957 Unavailable[64]
5 20.33 516.382 Iwa 1982 Intake Wainiha 1086[107]
6 18.75 476.25 Fabio 1988 Papaikou Mauka 140.1[107]
7 15.00 381.0 TD One-C 1994 Unavailable[41]
8 12.70 322.58 Unnamed 1906 Unavailable[36]
9 12.00 304.8 Diana 1972 Unavailable[66]
12.00 304.8 B 1967 Unavailable[65]
12.00 304.8 Kenneth 2005 Unavailable[110]

Continental United States

See also: United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
Radar image of Hurricane Nora
Precipitation Name Season Measuring
Station
Rank Inches Millimeters
1 21.01 533.654 Norma 1981 Breckenridge, Texas[111]
2 16.95 430.53 Tico 1983 Chickasha, Oklahoma[112]
3 14.76 374.904 Kathleen 1976 San Gorgonio[113]
4 13.80 350.52 Roslyn 1986 Matagorda Texas #2[114]
5 12.01 305.054 Nora 1997 Harquahala Mountains[103]
6 12.00 304.8 Octave 1983 Mount Graham[115]
7 11.92 302.768 Norma 1970 Workman Creek[116]
8 11.60 294.64 Unnamed 1939 Mount Wilson[82]
9 11.35 288.29 Paine 1986 Fort Scott, Kansas[117]
10 8.53 216.662 Ismael 1995 Hobbs, New Mexico[118]

Overall

Hurricane Juliette
Precipitation Name Season Measuring
Station 		Location
Rank Inches Millimeters
1 52.00 1320.8 Hiki 1950 Unavailable Hawaii[36]
2 39.80 1010.92 Juliette 2001 Cuadano/Santiago Mexico[97]
3 38.76 984.504 Paul 2000 Kapapala Ranch Hawaii[108]
4 27.01 686.054 Pauline 1997 San Luis Acatlan Mexico[98]
5 25.00 635 Maggie 1970 Unavailable Hawaii[109]
6 24.73 628.142 Odile 1984 Costa Azul/Acapulco Mexico[99]
7 24.02 610.108 Isis 1998 Caduano/Santiago Mexico[100]
8 22.44 569.976 Flossie 2001 Suchixtlahuaca Mexico[101]
9 22.32 566.928 Greg 1999 Tecoman Mexico[102]
10 21.01 533.654 Norma 1981 Breckenridge, Texas USA[111]

Naming

Hurricane Iwa, the fourth system to receive a central Pacific name in 1982

Naming of tropical cyclones in the eastern north Pacific began in the 1960 season. That year, four lists of names were created. The plan was to proceed in a manner similar to that of the western Pacific; that is, the name of the first storm in one season would be the next unused one from the same list, and when the bottom of one list was reached the next list was started. This scheme was abandoned in 1965 and next year, the lists started being recycled on a four-year rotation, starting with the A name each year.[119] That same general scheme remains in use today, although the names and lists are different.

On average, the eastern north Pacific sees an average of sixteen named storms per year.[120] This would reach the "P" name.

Due to the naming methods used before that season, the records start at 1966. The letters begin at "S" (the average season + 2).

† A cyclone was operationally named Simone, but was downgraded to a tropical depression after the season.[119]

At the time, the name lists only went to the letter "W", so the 1983 season is the first to exhaust its list.[121]

Due to this season's activity, the list threatened to be exhausted, so names beginning with "X", "Y", and "Z" were added during the season. Sometime after this, an alternate set of names starting with these letters was added to the lists for even numbered years so to retain parity.[121]

In the 1950's, tropical cyclones in the central north Pacific were given Hawaiian or names "borrowed" from the west Pacific's list, or went unnamed, in a generally ad hoc manner. Except for a one system,[122], tropical cyclones forming in the central Pacific went unnamed in the 1960's. From around 1970 until no later than 1982, central Pacific cyclones were given names and numbers from the list used for the western Pacific. Since 1982, four lists of Hawaiian names have been used.[119]

Worldwide cyclone records set by Pacific storms

See also

Template:Tcportal

References

  1. ^ "WMO Technical Document" (DOC/HTML). World Meteorological Organization.
  2. ^ Christopher Landsea & Michael Chenoweth (2004). "The San Diego Hurricane of 2 October 1858" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. pp. 1689–98. Retrieved 2007-11-24. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Jack Williams (2005-05-17). "Background: California's Tropical Storms". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
  4. ^ a b E. Jáuregui (2003). "Climatology of landfalling hurricanes and tropical storms in Mexico" (PDF). Atmósfera. p. 200. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  5. ^ Addison Whipple (1982). Storm. Time Life Books. p. 103. ISBN0-8094-4312-0.
  6. ^ a b Natural Hazards of North America. National Geographic Society. 1998. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ^ E. Jáuregui (2003). "Climatology of landfalling hurricanes and tropical storms in Mexico" (PDF). Atmósfera. p. 201. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  8. ^ a b E.B. Gunther, R.L. Cross, & R.A. Wagoner (1983). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1982" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. pp. 1080, 1097–8. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |fprmat= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  10. ^ Mary E. Clifford (1977). News Dictionary 1976. Facts On File. ISBN 0-87196-103-2.
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