Jump to content

Xenomorph

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 129.12.200.49 (talk) at 14:02, 30 March 2008 (We have to specify who the characteristics belong to). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Template:Twootheruses

For extraterrestrials, see extraterrestrial life. For other uses, see alien.

Template:Infobox fictional creature

The alien, also called the xenomorph,[1][2] is a fictional parasitoid extraterrestrial species that is the primary antagonist of the Alien film series. The creature made its debut in the 1979 film Alien, and reappeared in its sequels Aliens (1986), Alien³ (1992), and Alien Resurrection (1997). It has also appeared in the series' two spinoffs Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Alien vs. Predator: Requiem (2007), as well as the series' subsidiary literature and video games.

Unlike many recurring enemy extraterrestrial races in science fiction, the aliens are not an intelligent civilization, but predatory creatures with no higher goals than the propagation of their species and the destruction of life that could pose a threat. Like wasps or termites, aliens are eusocial, with a single fertile queen and a caste of sterile warriors.

The aliens' life cycle, in which their offspring are violently implanted inside living hosts before erupting from their chests, is in many ways their signature aspect. Their design deliberately evokes many sexual images, both male and female, to illustrate its blurring of human sexual dichotomy.

The alien design is credited to Swiss surrealist and artist H. R. Giger, originating in a lithograph called Necronom IV and refined for the series' first film, Alien. In that film, the alien was played by an actor in costume (7 foot 2 inch Bolaji Badejo) and make-up, a technique used in later films of the series. The queen was depicted in Aliens and Alien: Resurrection using animatronic puppets and in Alien vs. Predator using computer-generated imagery. The species' design and life cycle have been extensively added to throughout each film.

Name

The creature has no specific name, and has been referred to most often onscreen, and in the credits of each film, simply as the alien. It was called an alien, an organism and Kane's son in the first film. It has also been referred to as a creature,[1] a beast,[2] a dragon,[2] a monster[1] or a thing.[3] The term xenomorph (lit. "alien form") was used by the character Lieutenant Gorman in Aliens[1] and by Ellen Ripley in a deleted scene from Alien³.[2] This term has been adopted by fans[4] and is used on merchandising[5] as a convenient name. The species Binomial name has been said to be Linguafoeda acheronsis ("foul tongue from Acheron") in some comic books,[6] while the Alien Quadrilogy DVD suggests Internecivus raptus (literally "murderous thief").

Creation and design

File:NecronomiconIV.jpg
Necronom IV, Giger's surrealist painting that formed the basis for the alien's design

The script for the 1979 film Alien was initially drafted by Dan O'Bannon and Ronald Shusett.[7] Dan O'Bannon drafted an opening in which the crew of a mining ship are sent to investigate a mysterious message on an alien planetoid. He eventually settled on the threat being an alien creature; however, he could not conceive of an interesting way for it to get onto the ship. Inspired after waking from a dream, Shusett realised that the alien could "screw" one of the crewmembers, planting its seed in his body, and then bursting out of his chest. Both realized the idea had never been done before, and it subsequently became the core of the film.[7] "This is a movie about alien interspecies rape," said O'Bannon on the documentary Alien Evolution, "That's scary because it hits all of our buttons."[8]

File:Hrgigeralien.jpg
Giger's Alien design, inspired by his earlier painting Necronom IV, for the film Alien

The title of the movie was decided late in the script's development. O'Bannon had quickly dropped the film's original title, Star Beast, but could not think of a name to replace it. "I was running through titles, and they all stank," O'Bannon said in interview, "when suddenly, that word alien just came out of the typewriter at me. Alien. It's a noun and its an adjective."[7] The word alien subsequently became the title of the film and, by extension, the name of the creature itself.

Prior to writing the script to Alien, O'Bannon had been working in France for Chilean cult director Alejandro Jodorowsky's planned adaptation of Frank Herbert's classic scifi novel Dune. Also hired for the project was Swiss surrealist artist HR Giger. Giger showed O'Bannon his nightmarish, monochromatic artwork, which left O'Bannon deeply disturbed. "I had never seen anything that was quite as horrible and at the same time as beautiful as his work," he remembered later.[9] The Dune film collapsed, but O'Bannon would remember Giger when Alien was greenlit, and suggested to director Ridley Scott that he be brought on to design the alien, saying that if he were to design a monster, it would be truly original.[7]

Giger's alien, as portrayed by Bolaji Badejo in Ridley Scott's 1979 film Alien.

After O'Bannon handed him a copy of Giger's book Necronomicon, Scott immediately saw the potential for Giger's designs, and chose Necronom IV, a painting Giger completed in 1976, as the basis for the alien's design, citing its beauty and strong sexual overtones. That the creature could just as easily have been male or female was also a strong factor in the decision to use it. "It could just as easily fuck you before it killed you," said line producer Ivor Powell, "[which] made it all the more disconcerting."[8] Fox were initially wary of allowing Giger onto the project, saying that his works would be too disturbing for audiences, but eventually relented. Giger initially offered to completely design the alien from scratch, but Scott mandated that he base his work on Necronom IV, saying that to start over from the beginning would be too time-consuming. Giger signed on to design the adult, egg and chest-burster forms, but ultimately also designed the alien planetoid LV-426 and the Space Jockey alien vessel.[7]

Giger conceived the alien as being vaguely human but a human in full armor, protected from all outside forces. He mandated that the creature have no eyes, because he felt that it made them much more frightening if you could not tell they were looking at you.[8] Giger also gave the aliens' mouths a second inner set of jaws which are located at the tip of a long, tongue-like proboscis which can extend rapidly for use as a weapon. The inner jaws are powerful enough to smash through bone and metal.[10] His design for the creature was heavily influenced by a design aesthetic he had created and termed biomechanical, a fusion of the organic and the mechanic.[8] His mock-up of the alien was created using parts from an old Rolls Royce car, rib bones and the vertebrae from a snake, molded with plasticine. The alien's animatronic head, which contained 900 moving parts, was designed and constructed by special effects designer Carlo Rambaldi.[7] Giger and Rambaldi would both go on to win the 1980 Academy award for visual effects for their design of the alien.[11]

Scott decided on the man-in-suit approach for creating the creature onscreen. Initially circus performers were tried, then multiple actors together in the same costume, but neither proved scary. Deciding that the creature would be scarier the closer it appeared to a human, Scott decided that a single, very tall, very thin man be used. Scott was inspired by a photograph of Leni Riefenstahl standing next to a 6'4" Nubian.[12] The casting director found 7'2", rail-thin graphic designer Bolaji Badejo in a local pub. Badejo went to tai chi and mime classes to learn how to slow down his movements.[7]

According to critic Ximena Gollardo, the alien's combination of sexually evocative physical and behavioral characteristics creates, "a nightmare vision of sex and death. It subdues and opens the male body to make it pregnant, and then explodes it in birth. In its adult form, the alien strikes its victims with a rigid phallic tongue that breaks through skin and bone. More than a phallus, however, the retractable tongue has its own set of snapping metallic teeth that connects it to the castrating vagina dentata."[13]

Characteristics

Continuing advancements made in the field of special effects technology as the series progressed has lead to numerous variations in the aliens' design, including varying numbers of fingers, limb joints[2][14] and head design.[1][15]

Adult Alien warriors born from human hosts are roughly humanoid in form, with a skeletal, biomechanical appearance. They possess both an endoskeleton[16] and an exoskeleton which is usually in muted shades of black,[3][10][15] bronze[2] or blue.[1] Aliens do not radiate heat as their body heat matches the ambient temperature.[1][10] In several of the films, adult aliens are shown running along ceilings and walls.[1][2]

Aliens have a segmented, blade-tipped prehensile tail. The sharp tip was initially a small, scorpion-like barb,[3] but from Aliens onwards the blade design increased in size and changed in appearance to more closely resemble a slashing weapon.[1][10] From Alien: Resurrection onwards, the tails have a flat ridge of spines at the base of the blade. This was introduced to help them swim convincingly,[17] and was left intact in subsequent films. The original shooting script for Aliens and the novelization both featured a scene in which Lieutenant Gorman is "stung" by the barb of an alien's tail and rendered unconscious.[18] In the final cut of the movie Gorman is instead knocked out by falling boxes. The strength of the tail is very great, having been shown to be strong enough impale and lift a fully armoured Predator with no apparent effort.

They have an elongated, cylindrical heads but possess no visible eyes; though in the original Alien film, the top of the creature's head was semi-transparent, with empty eye sockets of human appearance visible within. This element was re-used for the "Predalien" 29 years later. How the creatures see is uncertain. In Alien³, a fisheye lens[citation needed] was used to illustrate the alien's point of view. In the novelization of the movie Alien, the creature is held mesmerized by a spinning green light for several minutes. In Aliens, the adult creatures have a more textured head rather than a smooth carapace. In the commentary for Aliens, it was speculated that this was part of the maturation of the creatures, as they had been alive far longer than the original alien.[19] But elsewhere in the DVD extras Cameron said that while preparing for Aliens, he was allowed access to many of the original props used in Alien by Bob Burns, and when the alien head prop arrived the smooth translucent cover piece had become detached, revealing the ribbed details underneath. Cameron liked the ribbed appearance so much that he decided to keep the look for the design of his aliens.[citation needed] The smooth headed design would be slightly modified in Alien Resurrection, where it was made narrower, with a longer muzzle and more prominent chin. This design would be kept in Alien versus Predator[20] and abandoned in Aliens versus Predator: Requiem in favour of the ribbed design.

File:AR Swim.jpg
An alien swimming, as shown in Alien Resurrection

Alien blood is an extremely potent acid and is capable of corroding on contact almost any substance with alarming speed. Shusett suggested the idea that the creature have acid blood as a plausible means to make the creature "unkillable"; if one were to use traditional firearms or explosives to attack it, its blood would eat through the hull of the ship.[21] The Alien novelization suggests that, at least at the "facehugger" stage, the acid is not blood but a fluid maintained under pressure between a double layer of skin.[22] In later films in the series, the aliens are shown to be conscious of the effects of their acidic blood, and use it to their advantage, such as in breaking out of confinement,[14][10] or as a weapon.[10]

Aliens can produce a thick, strong resin, which they use to build their hives and cocoon victims. They also salivate profusely. In Alien³ and Alien Resurrection, this saliva is mildly acidic, although not to the same extent as the blood, and is used to blind victims, much like a spitting cobra.[2][14]

Although they do not demonstrate human-level intelligence as a species, events on the LV-426 colony and the USM Auriga showed that the species excels at observational learning.[1][14] In both cases, the aliens managed to learn how to operate the machinery of their mechanized environments at a very basic level. In the director's commentary for Aliens, James Cameron noted that the creatures in Aliens had been alive for far longer than the alien in the original, and so had more time to learn how to manipulate machinery.[19] With the exception of the "Newborn", Aliens have demonstrated little actual emotion, save for self preservation and maternal instincts toward their eggs.

Throughout their appearances, human spawned Aliens have been shown to have a fluctuating number of fingers. In Alien the creature has webbed, six fingered hands. In Aliens, the number of fingers is reduced to five, and are shown to be much longer and more skeletal. In Alien: Resurrection, the number of digits is further reduced to four, with two long middle fingers and a pair of thumbs. This design is kept in Alien vs. Predator, though the hands were made bulkier in order to make the Aliens seem more formidable against the Predators.[23]

Aliens have been alternately portrayed as both plantigrade and digitigrade organisms, usually in accordance to their caste or host. Human spawned Alien warriors were usually portrayed as having humanoid hind limbs, while in Alien³, the featured Alien sported double jointed legs due to it's quadrupedal host. This characteristic would however be carried over into Alien Resurrection for the standard human-spawned Aliens. Tom Woodruff, who had previously played the "dog Alien" in Alien³, described the human spawned Aliens in Resurrection as feeling "much more like a dog" than the previous creature, despite having been born from human hosts.[24] The human spawned Alien warriors would revert back to a plantigrade posture in Alien vs. Predator.

Life cycle

Aliens are depicted as eusocial lifeforms with a defined caste system which is ruled by a queen.[1][14][10] Their life cycle comprises several distinct stages: they begin their lives as an egg, which hatches a parasitic larval form known as a facehugger, which then attaches itself to a living host by, as its name suggests, latching onto its face. The facehugger then "impregnates" the host with an embryo known as a chestburster, which, after gestation, erupts violently from the host's chest, killing it. The chestburster then rapidly matures to an adult phase.

Queen

File:Anguish.jpg
Ripley's first encounter with the Queen.

Queen aliens are significantly larger than the warriors, approximately 4.5 m (15 ft) tall.[25] Their body structure differs also, having twin sets of arms and being built more similarly to a theropod than a humanoid. Queens have a much larger braincase than the average adults, protected by a large crest above their heads. Pregnant alien queens possess an immense ovipositor on their lower torso, which is responsible for creating facehugger eggs (similar to a queen termite). The queen is able to detach from the ovipositor. When attached to her ovipositor, the queen is supported by a "biomechanical throne"[26] that consists of a lattice of struts resembling massive insect legs. Unlike insect queens, there appears to be no need for drones to fertilize an alien queen's eggs.[14][10]

Concept and design

File:Queen wiki avp.jpg
The Queen from Alien vs. Predator.

In the initial cut of Alien, the alien possessed a complete life cycle, with the still-living bodies of its victims converted into eggs. However, the scene showing this final stage was cut for reasons of pacing, leaving the ultimate origin of the eggs obscure. This allowed Aliens director James Cameron to introduce a concept he had initially conceived for a spec script called Mother,[19] a massive mother alien which laid the eggs and formed the basis for the aliens' life cycle. Cameron conceived the Queen as a monstrous analogue to Ripley's own maternal role in the film.[19] In that vein, some critics[27] have compared her to Grendel's mother.[28]

The design of the queen was created by Cameron in collaboration with special effects artist Stan Winston, based upon an initial painting Cameron had done at the start of the project. The Winston Studio created a test foam core queen before constructing the full hydraulic puppet which was used for most of the scenes involving the large alien. Two people were inside working the twin sets of arms and puppeteers off-screen worked her jaws and head. Although at the end of the film the queen was presented full-body fighting the power-loader, the audience never sees the legs of the queen, save those of the small-scale puppet that appears only briefly. In Aliens, Cameron used very selective camera-angles on the queen, using the 'less is more' style of photography. Subsequently the movie won an Oscar for Visual Effects.[29] An adult queen would reappear in Alien Resurrection. The original mechanical head previously used in Aliens was provided by Bob Burns. She was repainted with a blend of green and brown, giving her a shimmering, insect-like quality.[23] This colour concept would be abandoned in Alien versus Predator in favour of the original black colour scheme.[23]

In the climax of the 2004 film Alien vs. Predator the queen's basic design was altered to make her more "streamlined" in appearance and her over-all size was increased to 6 meters (20 ft) tall. Other changes include the removal of the "high-heel" protrusions on her legs, including additional spines on her head and making her waist thinner because there was no need for puppeteers inside her chest. The animatronic laying queen had 47 points of hydraulic motion.[23]

Egg

File:Alien-The Egg.png
Kane inspects an alien egg.

The eggs laid by the queen are large, ellipsoidal leathery objects about one meter high with four-lobed openings at the top. As a potential host approaches, the egg's lobes unfold like flower petals, and the parasitic facehugger explodes from within. Giger initially designed the eggs with a much more obviously vaginal appearance, complete with an "inner and outer vulva".[30] The producers complained that Catholic countries would ban the film if the allusion was too strong, so Giger doubled the lobes to four, so that, in his words, "seen from above, they would form the cross that people in Catholic countries are so fond of looking at."[31] The interior of the original egg was composed of "Nottingham lace", which is the lining of a cow's stomach. The quick shot of the facehugger erupting from the egg was done with sheep's intestine.[7] Initially the egg remained totally stationary save for the hydraulic movement of the lobes; however, by Alien: Resurrection the entire egg was made to ripple as it opened.[17]

Facehugger

The facehugger seen in Alien.

A facehugger is the second stage in the alien's life-cycle. Its bony finger-like legs allow it to crawl rapidly and its long tail can launch it in great leaps. These particular appendages give them an appearance somewhat comparable to Chelicerata arthropods such as arachnids and horseshoe crabs.

File:Gigerfacehugger.jpg File:Gigerfacehugger2.jpg

Giger's original facehugger design (top)

Giger's revised facehugger design (bottom)

The facehugger is a parasitoid; its only purpose is to make contact with the host's mouth for the implantation process, by gripping its long, bony finger-like legs around the victim's head and wrapping its tail around the host's neck. Upon making contact, the facehugger tightens its tail around the host's neck in order to render it unconscious through oxygen deprivation. The facehugger then inserts a proboscis down the host's throat, supplying it with oxygen[3] whilst simultaneously implanting an embryo. Attempts to remove facehuggers generally prove fatal,[1] as the parasite will respond by tightening its grip, and the facehugger's acidic blood prevents it from being safely cut away.[3] It also been observed shedding its cells and replacing them with polarized silicon in order to better survive in adverse environmental conditions. At least one facehugger has been shown to be capable of surviving exposure to the hostile environment of the moon LV-426, where temperatures were cold enough to freeze carbon dioxide[3]. Once the alien embryo is safely implanted, the facehugger detaches and dies.

Design

Giger's original design for the facehugger was a much larger creature with eyes and a spring-loaded tail. Later, in response to comments from the filmmakers, Giger reduced the creature's size substantially.[32] At first Giger assumed that the facehugger would wrap around the outside of the astronaut's helmet, but Scott decided that it would have far more impact if the facehugger were revealed once the helmet were removed. Scott and Giger realised that the facehugger could burn through the helmet's faceplate with its acid blood; subsequent redesigns of the space helmet included a far larger faceplate to allow for this.[33] Dan O'Bannon initially conceived the facehugger as somewhat resembling an octopus, possessing tentacles. However, when he received HR Giger's designs, which substituted tentacles with fingerlike digits, he thought Giger's design concept superior. Since no one was available at the time, O'Bannon decided to design the facehugger prop himself. The technical elements of the musculature and bone were added by Ron Cobb. Giger's initial design for the smaller facehugger had the fingers facing forward, but O'Bannon's redesign shifted them to the side.[32] When the foam rubber sculpture of the facehugger was produced, O'Bannon asked that it should remain unpainted, believing the rubber, which resembled human skin, was more plausible.[34].

Chestburster

The chestburster that grew to be the adult in Alien.

After implantation, facehuggers die and the embryo's host wakes up afterwards showing no considerable outward negative symptoms. Symptoms build acutely after detachment of the facehugger, the most common being sore throat, slight nausea, increased congestion and moderate to extreme hunger.[3] In later stages where the incubation period is extended in preparation of a queen birth, symptoms will include a shortness of breath, exhaustion, and hemorrhaging (detectable through biological scanners and present in nosebleeds or other seemingly random bleeding incidents), as well as chest pains inflicted either in lack of chest space due to the chestburster's presence, or even premature attempts to escape the host.[2] The incubating embryo may take on some of the host's DNA or traits, such as bipedalism, quadrupedalism[2] or also having mandibles[15] and other body structure changes. Over the course of 1-24 hours (indeterminable in some cases, and sometimes up to a week, in the case of some queens), the embryo develops into a chestburster, at which point it emerges, violently ripping open the chest of the host.

File:Gigerchicken.jpg
Giger's "plucked turkey" chestburster

The chestburster was designed by Alien director Ridley Scott and special effects artist Roger Dicken.[13] Giger had produced a model of a chestburster that resembled a "degenerate plucked turkey"[35] and was far too large to fit inside a ribcage. Much to Giger's chagrin, his model reduced the production team to fits of laughter on sight.[8] Scott drafted a series of alternate designs for the chestburster based on the philosophy of working "back [from the adult] to the child" and ultimately produced "something phallic," so Dicken was given the task to design it.[8] The chestburster in the original Alien was armless but arms were added in Aliens to facilitate the creature crawling its way out of it's host's corpse[36]. This concept would be abandoned in Alien Resurrection and subsequent films.

Growth and maturity

When a chestburster erupts from its host's body, it is less than one foot tall. However it soon undergoes a dramatic growth spurt, reaching adult size in a matter of hours; in Alien the chestburster had grown to two meters in height by the time the Nostromo crew located it again.[37] What it ate to fuel this prodigious growth rate is unknown as it didn't kill any crew-members during this time. The chestburster is shown to have moulted before reaching maturity.[3]

Alternate life-cycles

In Alien: Director's Cut, the creature has a second method of reproduction, whereby it could transform humans into eggs, as shown when Ripley discovers Brett and Dallas, cocooned in a viscous liquid, with Brett almost completely enveloped by a distinctly egg-like mass. This method of reproduction allowed an alien a complete individual life-cycle, without the need for a queen.[38] The alien was described in the bonus DVD as being "ambi-sextrous." However, since this scene was cut in the final released version of the film, allowing the queen to appear in Aliens, its canonicity is uncertain. The same way of reproduction was also presented in Alien Versus Predator game for Atari Jaguar. There, while playing as Alien, player could transform humans into egg-like cocoons, similar to that shown in the scene from the movie.

In another omitted scene from the script for Alien³, these eggs were actually cocoons, inside of which a human was painfully transformed into a full-grown alien, which then emerges from the cocoon like a perversion of a butterfly. This non-canon tertiary version of reproduction bypasses queens and facehuggers entirely. However, this scene was never filmed.[citation needed]

In Alien³, another addition, a 'super facehugger' that would carry the embryo of the queen alien, was planned but ultimately dropped.[39] The super-facehugger is briefly glimpsed in the Assembly cut of Alien³', but not identified as such.[39][40]

Interspecific hybridization

"Dog alien"

File:Adult Fiorina036.jpg
The quadrupedal Alien variant from Alien³.

The "Dog alien", also known as the "Bambi burster",[41] or "Runner alien" in the expanded universe stories, was introduced in Alien³. The creature itself shares the same basic physical conformation and instincts as the other aliens shown in the previous films, although there are several differences due to the host it was spawned from (a dog in the theatrical cut, an ox in the extended edition). The Dog Alien in its Chestburster form is a miniature version of the adult, unlike the larva-like human spawned chestbursters. The adult is primarily quadrupedal, has double jointed hind legs and lacks the dorsal tubes of the human-spawned variety.

Concept and credit controversy

Originally, H.R. Giger was approached on July 28, 1990 by David Fincher and Fred Zinnemann, and was asked to redesign his own creations for Alien³. Giger's new designs included an aquatic face-hugger and a four-legged version of the adult Alien. Giger said in an interview; "I had special ideas to make it more interesting. I designed a new creature, which was much more elegant and beastly, compared to my original. It was a four-legged Alien, more like a lethal feline - a panther or something. It had a kind of skin that was built up from other creatures - much like a symbiosis."

However, when Tom Woodruff and Alec Gillis of Amalgamated Dynamics told Giger that they had their own design, Giger expressed himself as "very upset" and that the creature he had especially designed was his "baby". Even after the production severed contact, Giger continued to fax suggestions to Fincher because of his enthusiasm for the project, and made full-scale drawings and a sculpt of the Alien, all of which were rejected.

David Fincher neglected to inform me that Woodruff and Gillis were also contracted to take care of the redesign of the Alien - I found out much later… I thought I had the job and that Woodruff and Gillis would work from my plans. On their side, they were convinced that it was their job and accepted my 'suggestions' with pleasure. They believed that all my effort was based on a huge love for the matter, because I worked hard even after my contract was over.

Giger would later be angered by the end credits of the released film presenting him as merely the creator of the original creature, and the fact that ADI personnel gave a series of interviews that minimized Giger's contribution. Fox eventually reimbursed Giger, but only after he refused to be interviewed for their behind-the-scenes documentary of Alien³.

The Academy Awards overlooked Giger's contribution to Alien³. Although Ridley Scott included Giger's name along with nominees Carlo Rambaldi and Richard Johnson in the 1980 Academy Awards, Fox at the time Alien³ was released pointed out that studios are precluded from submitting nominees in the effects category directly to the Academy. This upset Giger so much that at one point he sent Academy president Karl Malden a fax with this closing comment: "I am under the strong impression that my contribution to the visual effects of the nominated movie has been intentionally suppressed," signing the letter with a large black pentagram.

Giger however would comment that he thought the resulting film was "okay" and that the Alien was "better than in the second film."[42]

'Newborn'

File:Aliennewborn.jpg
The Ripley clone embraces the Newborn.

In Alien: Resurrection, due to significant genetic tampering in an attempt to recover DNA from the deceased Ellen Ripley and the alien queen within her, the resulting cloned aliens show a number of minor human traits. The cloned Queen eventually ceases to lay eggs and gives live birth to a humanoid mutant.

Physically, the human-alien Newborn is very different from its brethren, being much larger, with pale, translucent skin, a skull-shaped face with eyes, a human tongue and complete absence of a tail. The Newborn fails to bond with its alien queen mother and kills her. Instead, the Newborn sees the Ripley clone as a surrogate parent.

Concept and creation

The Newborn creature was originally scripted by Joss Whedon as being an eyeless, ivory-white quadruped with red veins running along the sides of its head. It had an inner jaw, with the addition of a pair of pincers on the sides of its head. These pincers would have been used to immobilise its prey as it drained it of blood through the inner jaw. The creature was also meant to rival the Queen in size.[43] Jean-Pierre Jeunet later asked ADI to lean towards making the human-alien hybrid, known as the Newborn, more human than alien. An early concept was to replicate Sigourney Weaver's image, although the crew felt it was too similar to Sil from the 1996 movie Species. The Newborn's eyes and nose were added to improve its expressions to make it a character, rather than just a "killing machine", and give it depth as a character. Jeunet was adamant about the Newborn having genitalia, a mix of both sexes. However, Fox was uncomfortable, and even Jeunet felt "even for a Frenchman, it's too much."[17] The genitalia were digitally removed in post-production. The Newborn animatronic required nine puppeteers and was the most complex animatronic in the film.[17]

'Predalien'

File:Alienvspredator-2-d-1.jpg
The Predalien as depicted in Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem.

The result of a facehugger impregnating a Predator, or, as shown in Expanded universe stories, genetic experimentation by human scientists, the 'Predalien' made its debut in a painting by Dave Dorman and subsequently in the Aliens versus Predator comics and games[44], but it is not until Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem that an adult hybrid makes its first movie appearance. The Predalien shares many characteristics with its host, such as tentacle-like dreadlocks, mandibles, skin color and similar vocalizations. It is a large, bulky creature, and is more powerful than regular human spawned aliens. In Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem, it reproduces by seizing a female victim's face with its exterior mandibles, then the Predalien forcefully deposits up to five chestburster embryos down its victims throat and into their abdominal cavities.

Though maintaining the basic design shown in the Aliens versus Predator video games, numerous changes occurred in its film portrayal. One abandoned concept was to have the Predalien reproduce by injecting victims with "DNA acid" through its tail. The injection would result in the victim's stomach swelling and exploding, birthing a new Predalien hybrid. Another unused concept was to have the Predalien inherit its host's tendency to skin victims.[45]

Cultural impact

File:P2-The Alien Skull.png
The famed Alien skull of Predator 2.

In the years since the release of Alien, the alien has become one of the world's most recognized movie monsters and a pop-cultural icon. In 2007, the alien was voted as the 14th most memorable screen villain by the American Film Institute.[46] Blondie co-founder Chris Stein, who is a friend of Giger, pondered in interview, "I'd like to see someone even vaguely compile how many versions of the Alien are floating around the world in models and stuff; there must be close to 100,000–little toys, things. All the Japanese horror comics just plunder his style."[47] Examples of alien-inspired works include the classic video games Contra[48] and Metroid.[49]

The Aliens have appeared in many crossovers (including a large number of intercompany crossovers) in comic books and other media such as novels, toys and video games. Crossovers include encounters with Terminators, Judge Dredd, Batman and Superman. The largest of these crossovers is the Alien vs. Predator franchise, in which the Aliens encounter the Predators. This was an idea that came to comic book artist Chris Warner in early 1989. He and other people at Dark Horse Comics were trying to come up with a good character combo for a new comics series. Dark Horse had been publishing Aliens comic book under license from 20th Century Fox since 1987. In 1990, the first depiction of the idea in film appeared in Predator 2, when an Alien skull, sculpted by Kevin Hudson[36] appeared as one of the trophies in the Predator spacecraft.

Aliens have also been comically featured in science fiction parodies. Examples include Mel Brooks' Spaceballs, in which a Chestburster imitates Michigan J. Frog and The ChubbChubbs!, in which an adult Alien warrior is shown drinking from a straw through it's inner jaws.

See also

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l James Cameron (writer and director) (1986). Aliens]] (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Vincent Ward (writer) and David Fincher (director) (1992). Alien³ (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference A1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ "planetavp". Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  5. ^ "Forbiddenplanet.co.uk". Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  6. ^ The comic book Aliens versus Predator versus The Terminator includes the binomial name linguafoeda acheronsis; more information found here.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Star Beast, the Alien Quadrilogy boxset
  8. ^ a b c d e f Alien Evolution, in the Alien Quadrilogy box set
  9. ^ Paul Scanlon, Michael Gross (1979). The Book of Alien. WH Allen & Co.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Paul W.S. Anderson (writer/director) (2005). Alien vs. Predator (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  11. ^ IMDB: Alien: Awards
  12. ^ HR Giger (1979). HR Giger's Alien. Sphinx. p. 60.
  13. ^ a b Alien Woman: The Making of Lt Ellen Ripley Ximena Gellardo, 2006
  14. ^ a b c d e f Joss Whedon (writer)and Jean-Pierre Jeunet (1997). Alien: Resurrection (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  15. ^ a b c Shane Salerno (writer) Colin and Greg Strause (directors) (2008). Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  16. ^ Jim Thomas, John Thomas (writers) and Stephen Hopkins (director) (1990). Predator 2 (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  17. ^ a b c d Unnatural Mutation - Creature Design, Alien Quadrilogy, 2003, 20th Century Fox
  18. ^ PlanetAVP URL last accessed 23 February 2006.
  19. ^ a b c d Aliens, film commentary, Alien Quadrilogy boxset
  20. ^ Gillis, Alec & Woodruff, Tom (2004). AVP: Alien vs Predator: The Creature Effects of ADI. p. 128. ISBN 1845760042.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ Ronald Shusett in The Alien Saga; Alien Legacy DVD box set
  22. ^ Foster, Alan Dean; O'Bannon, Dan (1979), Alien, ISBN 0354044362
  23. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference AVPmaking was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Hochman, David (1997-12-05). "Beauties and the Beast". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2008-01-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ Sideshowtoy. URL last accessed 15 February 2006.
  26. ^ James Cameron, Alien Evolution: Aliens
  27. ^ The Alien Trilogy: A New Beowulf
  28. ^ Alien Queen in Cameron's Aliens (1986).
  29. ^ IMDB: Aliens: Awards
  30. ^ Giger p. 46
  31. ^ Giger p. 46
  32. ^ a b HR Giger, The Beast Within: The Making of Alien, Alien Quadrilogy Box-set
  33. ^ Giger 52
  34. ^ Dan O'Bannon, audio commentary, Alien, from the Alien Quadrilogy DVD set
  35. ^ Giger p. 56
  36. ^ a b Jody Duncan & James Cameron (2007). The Winston Effect: The Art and History of Stan Winston Studio. pp. pp.336. ISBN 1845761502. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  37. ^ In Aliens Ripley claims that the creature killed the entire crew in twenty-four hours, so the growth stage must be under one day
  38. ^ From Alien Director's Cut. 1:30:20-1:32:30 - (hours:minutes:seconds)
  39. ^ a b Alien3: Adaptive Organism: Creature Design, from the Alien Quadrilogy boxset.
  40. ^ Alien3: Assembly cut
  41. ^ Alien3, Creature Design, in the Alien Quadrilogy boxset
  42. ^ http://www.hrgiger.com/frame.htm
  43. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118583/trivia
  44. ^ http://www.avpgalaxy.net/alienfilms.php?section=predalien
  45. ^ Cite error: The named reference Monstershop was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  46. ^ "AFI's 100 YEARS…100 HEROES & VILLAINS". American Film Institute. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  47. ^ Romy Ashby (2000). "The Talented Mr Giger". space.com. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  48. ^ "History of Contra". Gaming Target. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  49. ^ "IGN Presents The History of Metroid". IGN. Retrieved 2008-03-16.

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xenomorph&oldid=202051009"