Antebellum

"Antebellum" is an expression derived from Latin that means "before war" (ante, "before," and bellum, "war").

In United States history and historiography, "antebellum" is commonly used, in lieu of "pre-Civil War," in reference to the period of increasing sectionalism that led up to the American Civil War. In that sense, the Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, though it is sometimes stipulated to extend back as early as 1812. The period after the Civil War is called the "Postbellum," or Reconstruction, era.

Romanticism

There was a land of Cavaliers and Cotton Fields called the Old South. Here in this pretty world, Gallantry took its last bow. Here was the last ever to be seen of Knights and their Ladies Fair, of Master and of Slave. Look for it only in books, for it is no more than a dream remembered, a Civilization gone with the wind...

— From the opening of the film Gone with the Wind (1939)

While most western civilizations mark an important turning point during the period of the 1800s due to the Industrial Revolution, those who romanticize the Antebellum South credit the widespread destruction of Sherman's March to the Sea from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean and the military occupation of the defeated Confederacy by Union forces during the period termed Reconstruction implemented in Florida, Tennessee, or the Trans-Mississippi states, instead.

More than any other single American work, Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel, Gone with the Wind and the subsequent 1939 film, have permanently altered historical perspective and fixed a slanted popularized image of pre-Civil War American history and are good examples of the romanticized view. The romanticized view looks back on the Antebellum Period with sentimental nostalgia, as an idealized pre-industrial highly-structured genteel and stable agrarian society, in contrast to the anxiety and struggle of modern life. The issue of slavery is largely ignored in Gone with the Wind — although Mitchell does make a point of examining the relationship between the slaves and their masters on the southern plantations. D. W. Griffith's 1915 film, The Birth of a Nation, romanticized the pre-war South in a very similar way.

Architecture

The term antebellum is also used to describe the architecture of the pre-war South. Many Southern plantation houses use this style, including:

• Monmouth Plantation (Natchez, Mississippi)
• Boone Hall (Mount Pleasant, South Carolina) Built in 1936, but in the antebellum style.
• The Hermitage (Tennessee)
• Longwood (Natchez, Mississippi)
• Nottoway Plantation
• Rosedown Plantation
• Oak Alley Plantation
• Belle Meade Plantation
• Waverly Mansion
• Carnton Plantation
• Waveland Plantation
• Rippavilla Plantation
• Rattle & Snap Plantation
• Tara Plantation (Fictional, From Gone with the Wind)
• The Old Governor's Mansion
• Candon Hearth

See also

• History of the United States (1789-1849)
• History of the United States (1849-1865)
• Origins of the American Civil War

External links

• Antebellum Slavery (PBS)
• Aspects of the Antebellum Christmas
• Documenting the American South (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Antebellum American History, 1814-1864 University of Colorado.