Volvo P1800
| Volvo P1800 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Volvo Cars |
| Production | 1961–1973 39,407 notch coupé 8,077 sports estate |
| Assembly | West Bromwich, England (Jensen Motors, 1961-62) Torslanda, Sweden (1963-1973) Gothenburg, Sweden (1963-1973) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Sports car |
| Body style | 2-door coupe 3-door sports estate |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 2.0L I4 |
| Transmission | 4 speed manual all-synchromesh Laycock overdrive |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | Template:Auto in [1] |
| Length | Template:Auto in |
| Width | Template:Auto in |
| Height | Template:Auto in |
| Curb weight | Template:Auto lb |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Volvo P1900 |
| Successor | Volvo 242 GT |
The Volvo P1800 is a sports car from Volvo.
History
The project was started in 1957 because Volvo wanted a sports car, despite the fact that their previous attempt, the P1900, had been a disaster, with only 68 cars sold. The man behind the project was an engineering consultant to Volvo, Helmer Pettersson, who in the 1940s was responsible for the Volvo PV444. The design work was done by Helmer's son Pelle Pettersson, who worked at Pietro Frua at that time. The Italian Carrozzeria Pietro Frua design firm (then a recently acquired subsidiary of Ghia) built the first three prototypes, designated: P958-X1, P958-X2 and P958-X3.
In December 1957 Helmer Petterson drove X1, (the first hand-built P1800 prototype) to Osnabruck, West Germany, headquarters of Karmann. Petterson hoped that Karmann would be able to take on the tooling and building of the P1800. Karmann's engineers had already been preparing working drawings from the wooden styling buck at Frua. Petterson and Volvo chief engineer Thor Berthelius met there, tested the car and discussed the construction with Karmann. They were ready to build it and this meant that the first cars could hit the market as early as December 1958. But in February, Karmann's most important customer, Volkswagen VAG, forbade Karmann to take on the job.[citation needed] They were afraid that the P1800 would compete with the sales of their own cars, and threatened to cancel all their contracts with Karmann if they took on the coachbuilding of this car. This setback almost caused the project to be abandoned.[citation needed]
Other German firms NSU, Drautz and Hanomag were contacted but none of them was selected because Volvo did not believe these firms met their manufacturing quality control standards.
It began to appear that Volvo might never produce the P1800. This motivated Petterson to obtain financial backing from two financial firms with the intention of buying the components directly from Volvo, and marketing the car himself. At this point Volvo had made no mention of the P1800 and the factory would not comment. Then a press release surfaced with a photo of the car, putting Volvo in a position where they had to acknowledge the car's existence. These events influenced the company to renew its efforts, and it turned to Jensen Motors whose production lines were under capacity, and they agreed to a contract of 10,000 cars.[citation needed] The Linwood, Scotland body plant of manufacturer Pressed Steel was in turn contracted by Jensen to create the unibody shell, which then shipped via rail to be assembled at Jensen in West Bromwich, England. In September 1960, the first production P1800 (for the 1961 model year) left Jensen for an eager public.
The engine provided was the B18 with dual SU carburettors, producing 100 hp (75 kW). This variant (named B18B) had a different camshaft from, and higher compression than, the slightly less powerful twin-carb B18D used in the contemporary Amazon 122S. The 'new' B18 was actually developed from the pre-existing B36 V8 engine employed in Volvo trucks at the time. This cut production costs, as well as furnishing the P1800 with a strong engine boasting five main crankshaft bearings. The B18 was matched with the new and more robust M40 manual gearbox through 1963. From 1963 to 1972 the M41 gearbox with electrically actuated overdrive was a popular option. Two overdrive types where used, the D-Type through 1969, and the J-type through 1973. The J-type had a slightly shorter ratio of 0.797:1 as opposed to 0.756:1 for the D-type. The addition of this overdrive gave the 1800 series a defacto fifth gear, allowing it greater fuel efficiency and decreased drivetrain wear. Cars sold without overdrive had a numerically lower geared differential, which had the interesting effect of giving them a somewhat higher top speed (just under 120 mph) than the more popular overdrive models. This was because the non-overdrive cars could reach the engine's redline in top gear, while the overdrive-equipped cars could not, giving the latter a top speed of roughly 110 mph (177 km/h).
As time progressed, Jensen had problems with quality control, so the contract was ended early at 6,000 cars. In 1963 production was moved to Volvo's Lundby Plant in Gothenburg and the car's name was changed to 1800S (the 'S' indicating Swedish assembly). The engine was improved with an additional 8 hp (6 kW). In 1966 the four-cylinder engine was updated to 115 hp (86 kW). In 1969 the B18 engine was replaced with the 2-liter B20B variant of the B20 giving 118 bhp (89 kW), though it kept the designation 1800S. For 1970 numerous changes came with the fuel-injected 1800E, which had the B20E engine with Bosch D-Jetronic fuel injection and a revised camshaft and produced Template:Auto bhp from its 2-litres without sacrificing fuel economy. Top speed was around 190 km/h (just under 120 mph) and acceleration from 0-100 km was 9.5 seconds. In addition, the 1970 model was the first 1800 to appear with four-wheel disc brakes. Prior to this, the 1800 series had front discs and rear drums.
1800 ES estate
In 1972 came the last model, the 1800ES, a hatchback or station wagon version with an all-glass tailgate; the engine was downgraded to 125 bhp (92 kW) by reducing the compression ratio with a thicker head gasket (engine variant B20F); although maximum power was slightly down the engine was less "peaky" and the real-world performance was actually improved.
End of the line
For the last model year, 1973, only the 1800ES was produced. Total production of the 1800 line from 1961 through 1973 was 47,492 units. Production ended on June 27, 1973 although Volvo was in negotiations with Sergio Coggiola concerning a possible P1800ESC.
While Volvo never produced factory convertibles of the 1800, these were produced in the aftermarket.
Influence
The all-glass tailgate on the ES-model would prove to be very popular with future Volvo-designers. A similar design was used on the Volvo 480, and on multiple concept cars. The Volvo C30 also uses this design.
The Saint's Volvo 1800
A white Volvo P1800 (with licence plate ST1) driven by Simon Templar, played by Roger Moore, was featured in the TV series The Saint beginning in 1962 and played a prominent role throughout the entire run of the show.
Two new cars were introduced at the Paris Motor Show in 1962, a Jaguar E-type and the Volvo 1800. Jaguar was first offered the opportunity to provide an E-Type for the series but declined, feeling they had too much demand already and did not see the need for additional press. When asked for a P1800 Volvo jumped at the chance, leading to an increase of sales of the P1800 and the creation of a 1960s' icon. Later, in the 1970s when The Return of the Saint was created, Jaguar made up for their mistake and offered the new XJ-S for the series.
A 1973 Volvo 1800 ES was owned by Dave Davenport's character in Shaenon Garrity's webcomic, "Narbonic".
Record-breaking 1800
A 1966 Volvo 1800S owned by Irvin Gordon of East Patchogue, New York, USA has the Guinness world record for highest mileage in the same vehicle he has been driving for more than 40 years. It had covered in excess of 3,572,342 km (2,219,751 miles) by March 2004, and passed the 4,184,294 kilometers (km) (2,600,000 mile) mark by October 2007.[2][3][4] It is currently at 2.7 million miles and he is now targeting the three million mile mark.[5]
He has driven about 41,000 of those kilometers outside of the U.S., in Canada and Mexico, as well as in Europe. "In Sweden, we drove to Volvo's global headquarters to see where the P1800 was born", Gordon said.
On April 2, 2002, Gordon and his 1800S were guests on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, after reaching the 2-million milestone.
4,000,000 kilometers, or 2,485,484 miles, is:
- Almost 100 times around the Earth (via the equator).
- Twice the diameter of the Sun.
- Nearly five round-trips to the Moon.
- 1,111 completions of the Tour de France.
References
- ^ Cardew, Basil (1966). Daily Express Review of the 1966 Motor Show. London: Beaverbrook Newspapers Ltd.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "guinnessworldrecords via web.archive.org". guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Volvo 1800S Completes 2.6 Million Miles
- ^ http://www.vcoa.org/irv-o-meter/displaynews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1237354681&archive=&start_from=&ucat=4&
- Template:German concerning the Volvo 1800 (notchback coupé) and the Volvo 1800 ES (sports estate).