Mendoza, Argentina
Mendoza | |
|---|---|
 Downtown Mendoza | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Province | Mendoza |
| Department | Mendoza |
| Settled | 1561 |
| Founded by | Pedro del Castillo |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Víctor Fayad, Radical Civic Union (UCR) |
| Area | |
| • City | 54 km2 (21 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 746.5 m (2,449.1 ft) |
| Population (2001)[1] | |
| • City | 112,900 |
| • Density | 2,055.4/km2 (5,323/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 848,660 |
| • Demonym | Mendocenean (Mendocino/-a en Español) |
| Time zone | UTC-3 |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-2 |
| CPA Base | M 5500 |
| Area code | +54 261 |
| Website | www.ciudaddemendoza.gov.ar |
Mendoza (Template:Pron-en) is the capital city of Mendoza Province, in Argentina. It is located in the northern-central part of the province, in a region of foothills and high plains, on the eastern side of the Andes. As of the 2001 census [INDEC], Mendoza's population was 110,993. The metropolitan population was 848,660 in 2001, making Greater Mendoza the fourth largest census metropolitan area in the country.
A major road between Argentina and Chile runs through Mendoza and the city is a frequent stopover for climbers on their way to climb Aconcagua (the highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere) or for other mountaineering, hiking, horseback riding, rafting, and other sports. In the winter, skiers come to the city for its easy access to the Andes.
Two of the main industries of the Mendoza area are wine making and olive oil production.
History
On March 2, 1561, Pedro del Castillo founded the city and named it Ciudad de Mendoza del Nuevo Valle de La Rioja after the governor of Chile, Don García Hurtado de Mendoza.[2] Before this time it was populated by three tribes, the Huarpes, the Puelches, and the Incas. The Huarpes devised a system of irrigation that was later developed by the Spanish. This allowed for an increase in population that might not have otherwise occurred. The system is still evident today in the wide trenches that run parallel to the city streets. It is estimated that fewer than 80 Spanish settlers lived in the area before 1600, but later prosperity increased due to the use of indigenous and slave labor, and the application of the Jesuits present in the region. When rivers were tapped as a source of irrigation in 1788 agricultural production increased. The extra revenues generated from this, and the ensuing additional trade with Buenos Aires, no doubt led to the creation of the state of Cuyo in 1813 with José de San Martín as governor. From Mendoza San Martin would organize the army with which he won the independence of Chile and Peru. [3]
Mendoza suffered a severe earthquake in 1861 that killed at least 5,000 people. The city was rebuilt, incorporating innovative urban designs that would better tolerate such seismic activity. Mendoza was rebuilt with large squares and wider streets and sidewalks than any other city in Argentina. San Martin street, and five main equidistant squares, are examples of that design. Tourism, wine production, and more recently the exploitation of hard commodities such as oil[4] and uranium[5] ensure Mendoza's status as a key regional centre.
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008) |
Culture
The festival of the Vendimia represents the grape harvest in early March each year, where 17 beauty queens from each provincial district are nominated, and one winner is selected by a panel of about 50 judges. The queen from Mendoza City cannot be chosen because she acts as host for all other queens.
Mendoza has an intense cultural activity. There are several museums, including a natural history museum called Museo Cornelio Moyano in General San Martín Park and a Historical Foundational Area Museum called Museo del Área Fundacional located in the Pedro del Castillo Square. In Maipú, 15 km southeast from Mendoza, there is the Museo Nacional del Vino (National Wine Museum), which focuses on the history of winemaking in the area. In Mayor Drummond, 14 km south from Mendoza, there is the Emiliano Guiñazú - Casa de Fader art museum, hosted in an 1890 mansion where many walls have paintings by the artist Fernando Fader.
Urban structure
The city is centered around Independence Square (Plaza Independencia) with pedestrianized half of Sarmiento street (Peatonal Sarmiento) running through its center towards east and the remaining half of Avenida Sarmiento towards west. Other major streets, running perpendicular to Sarmiento, are San Martín Avenue, part of which is broadened to Alameda, 9 de Julio St., and running parallel to Sarmiento are avenues Colón, Arístides Villanueva and Las Heras. Four additional plazas, San Martín, Chile, Italia, and España, are located 2 blocks off each corner of Independence Square. Unique to Mendoza's streets are the exposed stone ditches (small canals) which run alongside many of the roads supplying water to the thousands of trees that provide welcome shade.
The Parque San Martín was designed by Carlos Thays. On its premises you can find a zoo, football stadiums, and the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. A view of the city is available from the top of the hill Cerro de la Gloria.
Transportation
Mendoza is 1,037 kilometres from Buenos Aires (13 hours by bus) and 380 kilometres from Santiago, Chile (6–7 hours by bus). Mendoza also has an International Airport. It takes less than 2 hours to fly from Buenos Aires and less than 1 hour from Santiago, Chile.
The Mendoza public transport system includes buses, trolleybuses and taxis. The trolleybuses are more comfortable than the city buses, but are slower and not as numerous nor is the system as extensive as that for the buses. In 2008, Translink in Vancouver, Canada sold their old trolleybus fleet to Mendoza.[6]
A heritage railway or tourist railroad, "The Wine Train" (Tren del Vino) is being planned which will also provide local transportation, it will run along wine producing districts of Mendoza. [7]
Transandine Railway
Mendoza developed partly because of its position at the beginning of the Transandine Railway linking it to Santa Rosa de Los Andes in Chile and today, the only railway operable between Argentina and Chile, after many years of inactivity, has returned to circulate on a testing stage, its revival is eminent as cargo transport by Belgrano Cargas.[8] [9][10][11][12]
The Transandine Railway is a 1000 metre gauge line, with sections of Abt rack, whilst the railways it links with are both 1676 broad gauge. A journey from Buenos Aires to Chile involved two breaks-of-gauge, and therefore two changes of train, one at Mendoza, and the other at Santa Rosa de Los Andes in Chile.
Metrotranvía
The city has also begun the construction of a new tramway line called "Metrotranvía of Mendoza", it will have a route of 12.5 km and will link five departments of the Greater Mendoza conurbanatíon. The opening of the system is sheduled for 2011.[13]
People
See Category: People from Mendoza
Twin cities
In film
Mendoza is referenced in the 1942 Disney Movie "Saludos Amigos".
Mendoza is referenced in the 2006 acclaimed film Children of Men in which it is reported that the parents of the youngest person on the planet hail from the city of Mendoza in a bleak 2027.
Throughout his career, the French director Jean-Jacques Annaud has prided himself on ambitious films that focus on the human heart in conflict with itself. But none compares to the scope and challenge of his 1997 film Seven Years In Tibet. To recapture the experience, Annaud literally rebuilt Tibet in Mendoza, Argentina. The dozens of spectacular sets ranged from a 220-yard (200 m) long re-creation of the capital city of Lhasa (built in the foothills of the Andes), to a 9,000-square-foot (840 m2) re-creation of the legendary Hall of Good Deeds in the Potala, the ancient palace of the Dalai Lama. (It was built in an abandoned garlic warehouse outside the city of Mendoza.)
Climate
Mendoza has wet summers with drier winters. Average temperatures for January (summer) are 32 °C (90 °F) during daytime, and 18.4 °C (65 °F) at night. For July (winter), the average temperatures are 14.7 °C (58 °F) and 2.4 °C (36 °F), respectively. Despite the intensity of agriculture possible due to irrigation from major rivers, Mendoza is classified as semi-desert. Annual rainfall is 223.2 mm.
| Climate data for Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina (1981-1990 period) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Source: Servicio Meteorologico Nacional[14] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Censo 2008 - Resultados provinciales Mendoza". INDEC. 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
- ^ welcomeargentina.com: Land of the good wine
- ^ Morris Charles - The Hannibal of the Andes and the Freedom of Chili
- ^ Baldwin Harry L. - Tupungato oil field
- ^ New uranium mining projects
- ^ Aged trolleys sold to Argentine city
- ^ Mendoza Wine Train
- ^ www.diariodecuyo.com.ar El tren trasandino - accessed 22 June 2009
- ^ Volvió el ferrocarril a MendozaTemplate:Es icon
- ^ En julio se licitará tren Los Andes - MendozaTemplate:Es icon
- ^ Revisiting the Transandine Railway - accessed 22 June 2009
- ^ www.diariodecuyo.com.ar El tren trasandino - accessed 22 June 2009
- ^ www.railwaygazette.com/news Metrotranvia deal signed, Railway Gazette International - Accessed 22 June 2009
- ^ "Weather Information for Mendoza, Mendoza". Retrieved Dec 12 2006.
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Publications
- V. Letelier, Apuntes sobre el terremoto de Mendoza (Santiago de Chile - 1907)
- V. Blasco Ibánez, Argentina y sus Grandezas (Madrid - 1910)
See also
External links
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo
- Photos of Mendoza and surroundings
- (Spanish) Municipality of Mendoza Official website
- (Spanish) Tourism office
- (Spanish) Municipal information: Municipal Affairs Federal Institute (IFAM), Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina. (in Spanish)
- (Spanish) Tourism Website of Mendoza
- Weather information from FallingRain
- Template:Wikitravel
Newspapers
(Online editions)
- (Spanish) Diario Los Andes
- (Spanish) Diario Uno
- (Spanish) Ciudadano Diario
- (Spanish) Jornada
- (Spanish) El Sol
- (Spanish) Cuyo Noticias
