Erling Folkvord
Erling Folkvord | |
|---|---|
 Erling Folkvord in 2009 | |
| Member of the Norwegian Parliament for Oslo | |
| In office September 14, 1993 – September 14, 1997 | |
| Member of the Oslo City Council | |
| Assumed office September 10, 1999 | |
| In office September 10, 1983 – September 10, 1993[1] | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | June 15, 1949[1] Levanger, Norway[1] |
| Political party | Red |
| Children | Jorunn Folkvord (daughter) |
| Residence(s) | Oslo, Norway[1] |
| Alma mater | Examen artium |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Social Worker[1] |
Erling Folkvord (born June 15, 1949) is a Norwegian politican for Red. A far-left revolutionary socialist, he was one of the leading members of the Workers' Communist Party and the Red Electoral Alliance, before they merged to form Red. He sat as a member of the Parliament of Norway from 1993 to 1997, becoming the first communist in parliament since Emil Løvlien for the Communist Party of Norway in the early 1960s. He later lost his position in 1997, and has been a candidate for parliament ever since. He has been a member of the Oslo City Council from 1983 to 1993, and again since 1999. Folkvord has become one of the best-known Norwegian politician on the left not belonging to either the Norwegian Labour Party or the Socialist Left.
In the early part of his political career, Folkvord was a member of the Red Electoral Alliance. Known for working on several corruption cases, he has earned the nickname the "watch dog". From 1990 to 1997 he was Deputy Leader of the Workers' Communist Party and in 2001 he held the position of Deputy Leader for the Red Electoral Alliance with Chris Hartmann. Folkvord political views turned to communism and anti-capitalism when he became a member of the Workers' Communist Party. He grew to be one of the most influential far-left socialists in Norway, but he has struggled with popular support during elections, Folkvord is known as a highly respected and popular politician, even among voters on the political right.[2]
Early life and career
Folkvord is the son of school manager Sverre Folkvord and housewife Eldrid Kjesbu. He finished secondary school earning the examen artium degree in Trondheim. He then started studies to become a social worker at the Social School of Trondheim. By 1976, he was the leader of the national based Social Agencies Union from 1976 to 1978.[3] In 1982, along with fellow Red Electoral Alliance member Harald Stabell, Folkvord sued Oslo's social working leading figures, Signe M. Stray Ryssdal and Marit Moe, accusing them of misconduct and a false accusation which led to an innocent man going behind bars. These accusations eventually led to a police investigation into the matter.[4] After finding no proof of their accusations, Moe sued Folkvord and Stabell for defamatatory charges made against her,[5] but she abstained from pursuing this in court.[6]
Folkvord and Stabell reported to the police that the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet breached the pimp paragraph of the criminal code. In an interview, Folkvord stated that Dagbladet contributed to giving the Norwegian sex market more attention.[7]
Political career
Council representative
In 1983, Folkvord, along with Liv Finstad, was elected as Red Electoral Alliance representative for the Oslo City Council, taking office on January 1, 1984.. According to Aftenposten, the Red Electoral Alliance and the Christian Democratic Party had the most loyal voter base throughout the election.[8] Later, Folkvord was highly vocal in his opposition towards the decentralization of health and social services in Oslo was to be given to the boroughs.[9] During his early years as member of the City Council, Folkvord used most of his time defending the then "current" social administration.[10]
By the late 1980s, Folkvord earned the nickname, "watch dog", being that he usually wanted an "independent investigation" into corruption matters. This eventually developed into one of his most well-known traits among the public.[11] When leading an investigation into a corruption case in 1989, which involved several representatives of the Oslo City Council, he said "It is possible to sweep corruption and other non-essential nonsense out of City Hall. People only need to persist were necessary".[12] Earlier that year, when finding more proof of a so-called corruption scandal, Folkvord asked the assistance of the district attorney to lead an investigation into the matter.[13]
By 1990, there were talks within the Red Electoral Alliance of replacing Folkvord and Athar Ali as City Council representatives in Oslo, to make way for more women to the top positions within the party. But Folkvord was kept, since he was a well-known face with the Norwegian media.[14] By September 1990, Folkvord demanded a police-run investigation against Conservative Party member Michael Tetzschner, accusing him of corruption and hidden money.[15] These charges were included in a broadcast by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). Tetzschner replied to this broadcast, stating "The news feature was completely dominated by false information. If the television provider does not make the corrections that are necessary, we'll bring the case to the Complain Board of the Broadcasting Corporation".[16] By early 1991, Folkvord help establish Red Electoral Alliance first municipal department in Oslo. While media speculated him to become leader of the chapter, he denied any such allegations, saying their existed "better suited people" for the job.[17]
Parliament
By June 1992, Folkvord was officially made first candidate for the Red Electoral Alliance in Oslo.[18] The decision was made based on party leader Aksel Nærstad belief that Folkvord could easily win a seat since he had become a "national celebrity" of sorts,[2] and the result Folkvord gathered during the 1989 parliamentary election. Folkvord needed 14,000 votes to earn a seat in parliament.[19] In January 1993, during the national convention, several long-standing members discussed the best way to organize Folkvord's Oslo campaign. These members agreed with Nærstad that getting Folkvord to win a seat in parliament was easy.[19] In total, the Red Electoral Alliance used 600,000 kr for their nationwide 1993 election campaign, two thirds of it being used to support Folkvords campaign in Oslo.[20] When announcing the results the party managed to become the biggest party in six different constituencies: Grünerløkka, Ankertorget, Tøyen, Kampen, Vålerenga and Gamlebyen. Various analyzers and Folkvord himself believed the Red Electoral Alliance good results in Oslo was because of the Socialist Left Party's bad election in the municipality.[21]
When asked what parliamentary committee he wanted to be a member of, Folkvord replied that the Standing Committee on Finance and Economic Affairs would be an ideal choice because most of the "assaults" on the working man had their origins in that committee.[22] He was then selected for this committee,[23] in addition to a seat on the Election Committee before being elected to the financial committee of parliament.[3]
In 1994, Folkvord criticised the Labour government for exporting weapons to Turkey, a county which at that time was engaged in a civil war against the Kurds. He claimed it violated a parliamentary decision made in 1959, which said the government would not distribute or export weapons to countries involved in a civil war. Folkvord earned the support of the Socialist Left, Centre Party and the Christian Democratic Party, who all sought to end weapon export to Turkey. However, the Conservative Party supported the Labour Party's decision, with the then party leader Jan Petersen claiming that the Kurdish liberators were "terrorists".[24] According to Arbeiderbladet; the Norwegian government sold 99 million kr worth of weapon to the Turkish government in 1989 alone. Folkvord later turned to Bjørn Tore Godal, the then current Minister of Foreign Affairs.[25]
In early 1995, Folkvord announced that he would not be a candidate for parliament when his term was over. He later claimed the job of being "exhausting and stressful".[26] In an opinion poll done in August, 1997, Folkvords popularity in Oslo had declined,[27] while his popularity outside Oslo had increased.[28] During the election, the party used NOK 500,000 on Folkvord's re-election campaign, which was estimated to be around 70% of party's budget, the budget was in turn was estimated to be around NOK 700,000.[29] On September 1, Folkvord was arrested by Turkish law enforcement in the Kurdish city of Diyarbakir, the main reason was that he visited what the Turkish government called an illegal Kurdish peace festival.[30] The very same day, he was flown to Ankara and later Istanbul; the following day he was delivered back to Norway.[31] British House of Lords member, Nicolas Rea took a picture of Folkvord during the event. The picture showed Folkvord being beaten by Turkish police officials, the picture was in-turn burnt by the Turkish police when they saw Rea having a camera.[32]
On September 12, various opinion polls showed that Folkvords popularity had increased in Oslo. Many speculated that Folkvord would win Inger Lise Husøy's seat in parliament because of this sudden rise in popularity.[33] When 99% of the vote was counted in Oslo, the party managed to earn a disappointing 3.9%, losing its only seat.[34]
1999 to 2003 elections
After losing his position in parliament, Folkvord went through a short-period of obscurity. He re-earned media attention when he publicly denounced the Lund Commission. The commission revealed extensive surveillance of Norwegian communists, socialists and other radicals by the Norwegian Police Security Service. Folkvord demanded to be shown his own document which was created during the surveillance.[35] In 1999, Folkvord topped his party's list of candidates running for a seat in the City Council.[36] Folkvord earned a seat in the City Council, and the party noted an increase of 1.3%.[37] When campaigning, Folkvords main goal was earning a third seat for the Red Electoral Alliance, in this he failed and the party held its two seats in the City Council.[38] The party earned 2% and 2.1% of the vote in the county[39] and municipal[40] elections of 1999.
Before the 2001 parliamentary election, both Aslak Sira Myhre, leader of the Red Electoral Alliance, and Folkvord stated their intentions of being top cadidate for the Red Electoral Alliance.[41] Later, when hearing that Myhre would compete over the first candidate position, Folkvord announced that he would take the position as third candidate if he did not become first candidate.[42] During the national convention, a vote was held, with 50 votes for and 62 against Folkvord as first candidate. Folkvord became third candidate; the position as second candidate was taken by Sigrid Angen.[43]
By February 2001, the Workers' Communist Party proposed making Folkvord the new leader of Red Electoral Alliance, since Myhre would resign if she became a member of parliament. While the majority of the members wanted a female leader to follow Myhre, his supporters were perfectly aware that Folkvord could lose the nomination, and a campaign was started to make him deputy leader. The main problem for Folkvord's opposition was his close ties to the Workers' Communist Party.[44] During the national convention, Myhre was re-elected as leader, with Folkvord and Chris Hartmann stepping in as the party's new deputy leaders.[45] Myhre did not become a member of parliament.[46]
By March 2003, Myhre resigned as leader, and Torstein Dahle was elected as his successor. Dahle had been the leading figure of the Red Electoral Alliance in Hordaland since the 1990s. When commenting on his resignation, Myhre commented on his 2001 election in Oslo saying "it is sad to resign after a bad election".[47] During the 2003 local elections, three different polls showed that the Red Electoral Alliance was close in earning three seats in the Oslo City Council. Folkvord stated that if the party managed to earn one extra seat, he would use try removing the right-wing Conservative Party from power and replace them with a more left-wing "leaning choice" such as the Labour Party or the Socialist Left Party.[48] The party increased with 0.1%, earning the party 3.1% of the popular vote in Oslo. The party was not able to win a third seat, retaining the two they held.[49]
Later years: 2004–present
In February 2004, Folkvord was charged with violating the penal code because he participated in a demonstration against the Invasion of Iraq in 2003. Together with other demonstrators he effectively cut off the entrance to the Norwegian Minister of Defense Kristin Krohn's office.[50] The accusee blamed Folkvord for "his refusal to walk away from the area where it was held an illegal demonstration, despite the fact that he was asked to leave the area".[51] After the incident he received a fine of NOK 2000, which he refused to pay.[52][53]
Before the 2005 election, Folkvord was immediately elected first candidate for Oslo by the party during its national convention.[54] Folkvord, along with Torstein Dahle, were the only representatives from the party who had a chance of gaining a seat in parliament.[55] Jens Stoltenberg, leader of the Labour Party, was negative towards the idea of having any representatives from the Red Electoral Alliance in parliament, saying the voters should do anything in their power to stop them from earning a seat in parliament.[56] When the votes were counted, Folkvord did not gain a seat in parliament.[57]
Later, Folkvord blamed that many of the prominent members of the Oslo City Council were involved or had been involved in corruption.[58] André Støylen of the Conservative Party said Folkvord should stop blaming and instead go to the police with proof if he had any.[59]
On February 27, 2007, Folkvord announced he would seek another term in the City Council.[60] During the national convention, Folkvord was re-elected to become the party's first candidate for the City Council. In March 2007, the Red Electoral Alliance and the Workers' Communist Party merged and created the electoral party Red.[61] By September 3, six days before the election day, Red earned its best showing ever in Oslo, earning 4.4% in an opinion poll, an increase of 0.3% from the previous election.[62] When the votes for the municipality of Oslo were counted, the party had managed to gain three seats in the City Council, with Folkvord position secure.[63] On a national level, Red received 1.9% and 2.1% for the municipal and county elections.[64]
During the 2009 election, several opinion polls showed that Folkvord and Dahle had enough support to earn two seat in parliament. Jens Stoltenberg and Kristin Halvorsen from the Red-Green Coalition were both highly negative towards the idea of having Red in parliament.[65] Folkvord stated several times he would demand an immediate withdraw of Norwegian troops from Afghanistan if elected to parliament. He said this decision involved both the "enthusiastic warriors of the Progress Party" and "the disillusioned skeptics of the Socialist Left".[66] Later, Folkvord felt he needed to set pressure on the Labour Party, which would, according to himself, move them further to the left.[67] Labour Party member Reiulf Steen had reacted positively towards the idea of having Folkvord in parliament, saying; "I am a great admirer of Erling Folkvord. He has integrity and great courage. Besides I am overjoyed that Red supports the Red-Green coalition".[68] When the votes were counted, Red had increased with 1% from the 2005 election. But it was not enough to secure him a seat in parliament.[69] When all the voters were counted, the party gained 1.3% of the national vote, an increase of 0.1%.[70]
Political positions
During an interview in 1993, Folkvord said his most important commitment if he gained a seat in parliament was giving the National trade union centers more power so that they could better defend the working class. When asked if it was exhausting to promote socialist reforms, Folkvord said "It is. But I think in some ways easier than before" because many "fake socialist regimes have collapsed". Another opinion was that "capitalism destroys the natural environment around us making the bourgeois society planners understand that there must be something new in the future. This provides inspiration to win support for socialist beliefs in Norway".[71] According to himself, the Workers' Communist Party told him about the "capitalist barbarism" and the rich who live in the light could not be the final stop for humanity.[72]
Folkvord has for a long time supported the Kurdish independence movement. Believing that Norway and other countries in Europe should stop treating the conflicts between Turkish government forces and the Kurds as an internal Turkish matter.[73] Being an anti-war activist he has since the start been highly vocal against Norwegian involvement in the War on Terror since the American led invasion of Iraq.[74] In 2009, Folkvord visited Norwegian soldiers in Afghanistan, but claimed that Red was the only Norwegian party not allowed to visit the Afghan city of Meymaneh, the city were the Norwegian troops are stationed.[75] He is also highly vocal against Norwegian membership in the European Union, claiming the organization is spreading "German imperialism".[76]
Authorship
From 1984, when he earned the position as representative for the Red Electoral Alliance in the Oslo City Council, Folkvord has used much of his time writing books about his political experiences and beliefs.[3] His books has earned much attention by the Norwegian media.[77] He has collaborated on various books, the most notable being, Rapport fra rottereiret - korrupsjon i Norge.[78] In the book, Folkvord claimed that Lise Harlem was involved in some sort of corruption in Norway, to verify this he had only one source, Knut Frigaard. Harlem later wrote an article in Aftenposten and wrote the book was "dubiously" written and unreliable.[79] However not everyone had a negative view of the book; with Carl August Fleischer and Liberal Party politican, Helge Seip defending the book and its accusations.[80] In 1998, he wrote the book Rødt!, about his tenure as a parliamentary representative for the Red Electoral Alliance from 1993 to 1997. In total 12 pages were about Folkvords four years term as representative, the other pages contained information criticising fellow parliamentary representatives.[81] When writing the book, he wanted it to have some impact on members of Red Youth and other leftish groups or activists.[82] In 2007 his book Operasjon Heilomvending was published, it contained much information criticising the Socialist Left, the Labour Party and the Red-Green Coalition.[83]
Family
Folkvord has a daughter named Jorunn Folkvord who presently works as a teacher,[84] and is currently a member of the Norwegian teacher union, Union of Education Norway.[85] She was notable for her far-left political activities in Norway, having membership status in the Workers' Communist Party[86] and the Red Electoral Alliance.[87] She was part of several notable protests during the 1990s, in one case she was arrested by police.[88] Jorunn was the Leader of Red Youth during the early 1990s.[89]
References
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{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Lundgaard, Hilde (March 5, 1995). "RV-politikeren Erling Folkvord gjør come-back i Oslo-politikken". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 40.
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{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Harlem, Lise (April 23, 1990). ""Rottereirrapporten" - folkejustis anno 1990". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 9.
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{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Westengen, Kari (October 4, 1998). "Erling Folkvord fortsatt på barrikadene for AKP og RV" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Skjeseth, Alf (May 4, 2007). "99 milliarder i utbytte". Klassekampen (in Norwegian).
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{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Fladberg, Karin Lillian (June 10, 2006). "Streikefaren ikke over for lærerne". Dagsavisen (in Norwegian). p. 10.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Hasås, Torgny (June 15, 2004). "Ny generasjon mot AKP-toppen". Klassekampen (in Norwegian). p. 3.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Amild, Ole Erik (July 18, 1995). "5.000 Skal Demonstrere Mot Nasjonalistkonsert" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. p. 3.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Alver, Vigdis; Kolberg, Berit (October 19, 1997). "Reddet Av Politiet Masseslagsmål ved ambassade". Dagbladet (in Norwegian). p. 8.
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