Droitwich Spa
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2007) |
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| Droitwich Spa | |
|---|---|
| Population | 22,585 (2001) |
| OS grid reference | SO895632 |
| • London | 125m |
| Civil parish |
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| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | DROITWICH SPA |
| Postcode district | WR9 |
| Dialling code | 01905 |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Hereford and Worcester |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
| UK Parliament | |
Droitwich Spa is a town in northern Worcestershire, England, on the River Salwarpe. The town is situated on massive deposits of salt, and salt has been extracted there since ancient times. The natural Droitwich brine contains 2 1/2 lb of salt per gallon - ten times stronger than sea water and only rivalled by the Dead Sea.[1]
History
In Roman times the village was known as Salinae and was located at the crossroads of several Roman roads. Railway construction in 1847 revealed Roman mosaic pavements, and later excavations unearthed a Roman villa or corridor house some 40 metres (130 ft) long.
Droitwich Lunatic Asylum was established in 1791. Records at the Worcestershire County Record Office show its presence in 1837 to 1838. An advert in the Transactions of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, in 1844, records that Martin Ricketts, of Droitwich was the Surgeon and Sir Charles Hastings from the Worcester Infirmary was the Physician.
Droitwich remained a fairly small town until the 1960s, when the population was still barely 7,000; however, it has grown considerably since due to overspill from Birmingham with many housing estates being developed in the 1970s and 1980s.
More recently, in July 2007, Droitwich was hit heavily by the UK-wide flooding caused by some of the heaviest rainfall in many years. This flooding was pictured in UK-wide news, having flooded the majority of the heavily subsided high street. Many shops in the high street remain closed almost one year later. The flooding crossed from the stream and canal in Vines Park, crossed Roman Way, and spilled across to the High Street some 100 metres from the source stream.
Salt and brine
Rock salt and brine was extracted by the Romans and this continued through the Middle Ages. Salt tax was levied by the King until it was abolished as a tax in 1825. The Wintour family, a local family owned up to 25 salt evaporating pans locally by the 1600s.
Salt was extracted by pumping up saturated brine from the salt deposits, and evaporating the brine, if the extraction occurs at a steady rate, rainwater will naturally replace the saturated brine, but if the brine is pumped out too quickly subsidence can occur;[2] over the years the removal of enormous quantities of salt from the substrata of the town led to considerable, if gradual, subsidence in some parts of the town; one photograph from the early 20th century shows one Droitwich house tilted at a considerable angle from the vertical.
In the 19th century, Droitwich became famous as a Spa town. Unlike other places, the medicinal benefits were not derived from drinking the spa water, which is almost saturated brine, but from the muscular relief derived by swimming and floating in such a dense, concentrated salt solution, at the town's brine baths (first opened in 1830). The spa water at Droitwich is the warmest in the United Kingdom outside Bath, but it does not meet the most common definition of a hot spring as the water is below standard human body temperature.
The original Brine Baths have long since closed, but a new brine bath (part of the Droitwich Spa private hospital) opened to the public for relaxation and hydrotherapy. But this too is now closed for financial reasons (December 2008). No date is yet known for it to reopen.
The salt industry was industrialised and developed in the 19th century by John Corbett who built the nearby Chateau Impney for his Irish wife in the French 'chateau' style. Corbett was responsible for much of the development of Droitwich as a Spa.
Opened in the 1930s was the town's lido, a large open-air swimming pool, which used diluted brine from beneath the town. After many years of closure it was reopened in 2006. See: Droitwich Spa Lido
Industry and commerce
Transport
Collectively known as the Droitwich Canal, two canals met in the town centre. These are the Droitwich Barge Canal built by James Brindley in 1771 and the Droitwich Junction Canal built in 1854. The Junction canal linked Droitwich to the Worcester and Birmingham Canal.
Work is currently being made to re-connect the Junction Canal to the Worcester and Birmingham Canal at Hanbury and to re-connect the Barge Canal to the River Severn at Hawford.
The railway station, formerly on the Great Western Railway, is just outside the town centre with trains to Birmingham, Worcester, Kidderminster and Stourbridge.
Broadcasting
Near Droitwich there is the central longwave broadcasting facility of the UK (Wychbold BBC transmitter), which is also used for transmissions in the medium wave range, Droitwich transmitting station. It was sited near Droitwich because the huge block of underground salt provided a good ground earth and increased signal strength (as related by Mr. Humphreys, Chief Engineer for many years).
Retail
Droitwich shopping is mainly focused in the traditional town centre around Victoria Square, leading to the St Andrew's Square shopping centre and down to the original High Street, with its eclectic mix of traditional shops, local pubs. Farmers' markets are also held regularly in Victoria Square.
In the central St Andrew's Square shopping precinct are Morrisons, Boots the Chemist, W H Smith, Peacocks, Wilkinson, Thornton's, Holland & Barrett, Carphone Warehouse and Argos. The centre was re-developed and a new large M&Co clothing store plus a Muffin Break coffee shop are recently opened.
In July 14, 2005, Waitrose opened a new supermarket in the grounds of the old covered market, directly behind the heavily-subsided High Street. Also, in early 2008, a new Aldi store opened on the small retail park by Roman Way while the new Retail park was opened in late Autumn 2007 with two new stores, Carpetright and Land of Leather. The park already has DFS and Homebase stores. There is also a Spar on Oakland Avenue and a Tesco Express on Primsland.
There are a range of banks represented in the town, including NatWest, HSBC, Alliance & Leicester, Lloyds TSB, Halifax, and Barclays. There are a number of estate agents including Andrew Grant, Town & Country, Allan Morris, Lambert's, and Your Move.
In 2007, regional house building company, Lioncourt Homes chose Droitwich as the location for their head office. They are currently based in Roman Way Business Centre.
Amenities
Lido
Until the late 1990s Droitwich Spa Lido was open as a public open-air salt-water swimming pool. Since then various schemes have been proposed, with significant legal and commercial arguments as to the viability of re-building and reopening this facility. Recently, an open air water play area has been revealed, after many years of speculation as to what would happen with this site.
During Autumn of 2006, work started on renovating the lido and it was reopened on Monday 18 June 2007. The Lido Park remains a pleasant and popular space, with Droitwich Cricket Ground on its edge as well as a bandstand with regular performances.
Entertainment
The Norbury Theatre hosts regular shows year-round, including an annual pantomime, and also shows films. The Norbury has an active Youth Theatre for ages 12 to 18. Droitwich has a selection of national and ethnic restaurants and take-aways, which include Chinese cuisine, Indian cuisine, Italian cuisine, traditional pub fare, fish and chips, and pizza, On the outskirts of the town is the famous Chateau Impney, built in the style of a traditional French chateau, which is now a hotel, restaurant and conference centre. In Droitwich, The Raven Hotel is a wattle and daub hotel that holds a central position within the town.
Schools
The Droitwich Spa pyramid of schools works on a three tier system, with one high school: (Droitwich Spa High School); two Middle schools (Witton Middle School and Westacre Middle School); and nine First schools (Chawson, Cutnall Green, Hindlip, Ombersley, St. Peter's, St. Joseph's (a Primary School feeding into Blessed Edward Oldcorne High School, Worcester), Tibberton, Westlands—originally Boycott Farm First School—and Wychbold First Schools) and Dodderhill School (formerly named Whitford Hall and Dodderhill), a, independent school.
Places of worship
There are five churches in Droitwich including the Anglican churches of St. Andrew's, a Norman building where St Richard was probably baptised,[3] The church tower was demolished in the 1920s after becoming dangerous due to land subsidence;[3] St. Augustine's at Dodderhill, completed in 1220 and rebuilt in the 18th century on a hill which was the site of a former a Roman fort and a later Anglo-Saxon church;[4] St Peter's, built on the site of a former Saxon church, has parts, including the chancel, that date from Norman times, and has a memorial to Edward Winslow, one of the Pilgrim Fathers who was born in the parish[5]. St. Nicholas which was built Victorian times, near the railway station;[6] and the Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart and St Catherine of Alexandria, on a building styled on the Roman basilica churches of Ravenna in Italy, and having the feature of the interior walls being covered almost entirely of mosaic and marble designed by Gabriel Pippet.[7]
Sport
Droitwich leisure centre at Briar Mill has gym facilities, sports halls, a swimming pool and squash courts. There are also outside football and astroturf pitches with floodlighting. The centre also runs a squash league. Droitwich Archery Society, based at the Droitwich Rugby Football Ground, is a target archery club that was formed in 1967, and is affiliated to The Grand National Archery Society. Other local sports include boxing, football, judo, Tae Kwon Do, Karate, Ju Jitsu and tennis.
Location
Destinations from Droitwich Spa | |
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Notable residents
- St Richard, Bishop of Chichester, was born in Droitwich in 1197
- John Heminges, born in Droitwich in about 1556, was an actor in William Shakespeare's company
- Edward Winslow, one of the Pilgrim Fathers was born in the town in 1595.
- Rik Mayall - actor and writer in The Comic Strip, The Young Ones, Bottom and other TV programmes, lived in Droitwich when he was a child.
- Ashley Giles - England cricketer lives in Droitwich and in 2005 was made an honorary citizen of the town.
- Matt Neal, British Touring Car Championships champion.
- John Bickerton, European Tour Golfer.
- John Corbett, "Salt King"
- Graham Oakey, professional footballer for Coventry City in the 1970s born in Droitwich in 1954.
Twinning
References
- ^ http://www.birminghamuk.com/droitwich.htm
- ^ "Salt: A World History" Mark Kurlansky (2003).
- ^ a b http://www.droitwichparish.org.uk/about/andrew.html St Andrew's, Droitwich. Retrieved 8 february 2010
- ^ Dodderhill Parish Survey Project. Retrieved 8 February 2010
- ^ http://www.droitwichparish.org.uk/about/peter.html Droitwich Spa Parish, St Peter's. Retrieved 8 February 2010
- ^ Droitwich Spa Parish, St Nicholas Retrieved 8 February 2010
- ^ Sacred Heart, Droitwich. Retrieved 8 February 2010
Further reading
- Around Droitwich (Archive Photograph Series) - ISBN 0-7524-0747-3
- Droitwich in Old Photographs - ISBN 0-86299-421-7
- The Droitwich Discovery - ISBN 0-573-12146-X
External links
- Droitwich Standard The Local Droitwich weekly newspaper
- Droitwich Advertiser The Local Droitwich weekly newspaper
- Google Maps satellite view for Droitwich
- The Brine Baths
- The Church of the Sacred Heart and St Catherine of Alexandria
- Droitwich Website
- Droitwich Lost Pubs
- Droitwich Archery Society