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Hat-trick

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For other uses, see Hat Trick (disambiguation).

In sport, a hat-trick (or hat trick) means to achieve a positive feat in the sport three times during a game, or other achievements based on threes[1]. For instance in association football or ice hockey a player might score three goals, whilst in cricket a bowler might take three wickets in three consecutive deliveries.

The term was first used in cricket, to describe HH Stephenson's feat in 1858[2] and was used in print for the first time in 1878.[3]

Cricket

See also: Test cricket hat-tricks and One Day International cricket hat-tricks

A hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three batsmen with consecutive deliveries. The deliveries may be interrupted by an over bowled by another bowler from the other end of the pitch or the other team's innings, but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler. Only wickets attributed to the bowler count towards a hat-trick; run outs do not count.

Hat-tricks are very rare and as such are treasured by bowlers. In Test cricket history there have been just 37 hat-tricks, the first achieved by Fred Spofforth for Australia against England in 1879, and the most recent by Ryan Sidebottom for England against New Zealand in 2008. In 1912, Australian Jimmy Matthews achieved the feat twice in one game against South Africa. The only other players to achieve two hat-tricks are Australia's Hugh Trumble, against England in 1902 and 1904, and Pakistan's Wasim Akram, in separate games against Sri Lanka in 1999.

In One Day International cricket there have been 26 hat-tricks up to 22 Jun 2010, the first by Jalal-ud-Din for Pakistan against Australia in 1982, and the most recent by Farveez Maharoof for Sri Lanka cricket team against India on Jun 22, 2010 in the Sixth ODI of the Asia Cup played in Sri Lanka. Three players have taken two one-day international hat-tricks in their careers: Wasim Akram and Saqlain Mushtaq of Pakistan and Chaminda Vaas of Sri Lanka. (Akram therefore has four international hat-tricks in total).

In Twenty20 International Cricket, Brett Lee of Australia had a hat-trick against Bangladesh in the Super Eight of the Twenty20 World Cup on 16 September 2007 in South Africa. Jacob Oram of New Zealand made a hat-trick against Sri Lanka on 2 September 2009 in Colombo.[4]

Taking two wickets in two consecutive deliveries is occasionally known as a brace, or (more commonly) being on a hat-trick. This is only a run-up to the hat-trick. If a hat-trick is not achieved, it is not called a brace.[citation needed]

Four wickets in four balls is referred to in cricket literature and record books as four in four but the term double hat-trick has also been used in the media, as it will contain two different sets of three consecutively dismissed batsmen. It has only occurred once in international one-day cricket, in the 2007 World Cup, when Sri Lanka's Lasith Malinga managed the feat against South Africa by dismissing Shaun Pollock, Andrew Hall, Jacques Kallis and Makhaya Ntini, though it has occurred on other occasions in first-class cricket. Kevan James of Hampshire took four wickets in four balls and scored a century in the same county game against India in 1996. The Cricinfo report on the game claimed that this was unique in cricket.[5][6].

Albert Trott and Joginder Rao are the only two bowlers credited with two hat-tricks in the same innings in first class cricket. One of Trott's two hat-tricks, for Middlesex against Somerset at Lords in 1907, was a four in four.

See also: List of first-class cricket records § Hat-tricks

While all hat-tricks are rare and prized, some examples are particularly extraordinary. On 2 December 1988, Merv Hughes, playing for Australia, dismissing Curtly Ambrose with the last ball of his penultimate over and Patrick Patterson with the first ball of his next over, wrapping up the West Indies first innings. When Hughes returned to bowl in the West Indies second innings, he trapped Gordon Greenidge lbw with his first ball, completing a hat-trick over two different innings and becoming the only player in Test cricket history to achieve the three wickets of a hat-trick in three different overs.

In 1844, underarm bowler William Clark, playing for "England" against Kent, achieved a hat-trick spread over two innings, dismissing Kent batsman John Fagge twice within the hat-trick. Fagge batted at number 11 in the first innings and at number 3 in the second. This event is believed to be unique in first-class cricket. [7]

The most involved hat-trick was perhaps when Melbourne club cricketer Stephen Hickman, playing for Power House, achieved a hat-trick spread over three overs, two days, two innings, involved the same batsman twice, and was observed by the same non striker, with the hat-trick ball being bowled from the opposite end to the first two. In the Mercantile Cricket Association C Grade semi final at Fawkner Park South Yarra in Melbourne, Gunbower United Cricket Club were 8 for 109 when Hickman came on to bowl his off spin. He took a wicket with the last ball of his third over and then bowled number 11 batsman Richard Higgins with the first ball of his next over to complete the Gunbower innings, leaving Chris Taylor the not out batsman. Power House scored 361 putting the game out of reach of Gunbower. In the second innings opener Taylor was joined by Higgins at the fall of the fourth wicket as Hickman returned to the attack. With his first ball, observed by an incredulous Taylor at the non-strikers end, he clean bowled Higgins leaving Higgins with a pair of golden ducks.[8]

At least one triple hat-trick has been achieved, in a New Zealand club match. This feat was achieved by Scott Babot of Wainuiomata Cricket Club playing in the Senior 3 grade. It consisted of five wickets in five balls, across two innings, and separated by seven days, as the match in question took place on two consecutive Saturdays.[9]

Association football

See also: FIFA World Cup hat-tricks

Definition in Association football

A hat-trick occurs in association football when a player has scored three goals in a single game. In common with other official record-keeping rules, goals in a penalty shootout are excluded from the tally.[10]

Variations

There are several variations of the definition, including:

  • A "perfect (or Englishman's)" hat-trick is when player scores one goal with their right foot, one with their left foot and one goal with a header[11].
  • A "flawless (or German)" hat-trick, which differs in that the three goals must be scored consecutively and within one period of play.[12]
  • A "classic" hat-trick occurs when a player scores all his goals consecutively in a single half of a game.
  • A "pseudo" hat-trick, or "brace", occurs when a player scores two goals in one game. However, this is clearly not true.


Various annotated records

Megan Iffrig, a freshman at SIU Edwardsville scored a hat-trick in 1 minute and 1 second September 26 against the Central Arkansas SugarBears in what is believed to be the fastest hat-trick in the history of NCAA soccer.

James Hayter holds the record for the fastest English Football League hat-trick coming on as an 84th minute substitute for Bournemouth against Wrexham netting 3 goals in less than 140 seconds. Robbie Fowler currently holds the fastest hat-trick in Premiership history by scoring 3 goals within 4 minutes and 33 seconds for Liverpool against Arsenal in 1994. Nigel Clough scored a hat-trick in exactly 4 minutes in the old First Division (the highest league in English football before the advent of the Premier League) for Nottingham Forest against Queens Park Rangers in the 1987/88 season. On 4 September 1950, Blackpool's George McKnight scored a hat-trick against Fulham "in under four minutes".[13]

The fastest hat trick in the history of Major League Soccer was scored by Harut Karapetyan for Los Angeles Galaxy, he completed it in roughly five minutes in June 1998, in a match against Dallas Burn. LA Galaxy won the match 8–1.

In World Cups American Bert Patenaude scored the first hat-trick in the 1930 inaugural. Sandor Kocsis (1954), Just Fontaine (1958) and Gerd Müller (1970) scored two hat-tricks in the same World Cup. Gabriel Batistuta scored hat-tricks in two World Cups (1994 and 1998) Geoff Hurst scored a hat-trick in the 1966 Final – the only one in a Final. At least one hat-trick has been scored in every World Cup tournament except the 2006 tournament.

Seven players have scored a hat-trick in the UEFA European Football Championship. Of those seven, Michel Platini is the only player to have scored two hat-tricks (against Belgium and Yugoslavia), both in the group stage of Euro 1984. David Villa scored a hat trick at the Euro 2008 competition in Austria and Switzerland for Spain against group rivals Russia, a game which Spain won 4–1.

Dennis Bergkamp scored a memorable hat trick against Leicester City in September 1997. The hat trick of goals were the top three in the Match of the Day Goal of the Month competition for that month; a unique achievement.

Jermain Defoe of Tottenham Hotspur scored a hat trick in just seven minutes during the second half of a game against Wigan on November 22, 2009. He then went on to score a further two goals in the game, a total of five in just thirty-six minutes, only the third time a player has scored five goals since the English Premier League was introduced in 1992.

In March 2010, Bryan Ruiz of FC Twente scored one of the quickest hat tricks ever against Sparta Rotterdam, with goals in the 46th, 49th (pen) and 50th minutes.

On the 19th September 2010, Dimitar Berbatov scored a hat trick for Manchester United Against rivals Liverpool FC. The first person to do so in this fixture in over 50 Years.

Hockey

File:HatTrick.jpg
Hats on the Verizon Center ice after Alex Ovechkin's hat trick, February 7, 2010.

In both field hockey and ice hockey, a hat trick occurs when a player scores three goals in a single game. A hat trick, as it is known in its current form, culminates with fans throwing hats onto the ice from the stands. The tradition is said to have begun among fans in the National Hockey League around the 1950s.[14]

Origins

According to the Henri Henri hat store in Montreal, before 1967 when there were only the Original Six teams in the NHL, the store rewarded players who had scored three goals or more in one game at the Montreal Forum with a free hat, which brought the "Hat Trick" expression into the world of hockey. The list of winners includes the legendary players such as Stan Mikita and Bobby Hull from the Chicago Black Hawks, Maurice Richard and Elmer Lach from the home-town Montreal Canadiens, Norm Ullman from the Detroit Red Wings, and many others.[15]

The earliest account of a hat being awarded for scoring three goals is known to have occurred in Toronto when a local businessman, Sammy Taft, was approached by the Chicago Black Hawks forward Alex Kaleta. According to legend, Kaleta entered Taft's shop to purchase a new hat but didn't have enough money. Taft arranged a deal with Kaleta stipulating that if Kaleta scored three goals as he played the Toronto Maple Leafs that night, he would give him a free hat. That night, on January 26, 1946, Kaleta scored four goals against the Maple Leafs and Taft made good on his offer.[14]

While this account is credited by the Hockey Hall of Fame as the hat trick's origin in the NHL,[14] there exists a competing story in Guelph, Ontario. In the 1950s, the Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA), who were then a farm team of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s New York Rangers, were sponsored by Guelph-based Biltmore Hats, a leading manufacturer of hats with North American dominance. The sponsor would award any Madhatters player who scored three goals in a game with a new fedora.[14]

Variations

A natural hat trick is when a player scores three goals in succession, with no other players from either his own or the opposing team scoring any goals in-between.

January 2, 1998 - Birmingham Bulls (ECHL) center Jamey Hicks scored a shorthanded, natural hat trick in Pensacola against the Ice Pilots. This feat had never been done in any professional hockey league at any level before Hick's record setting performance. There was a request to submit Hicks jersey to the Hockey Hall of Fame, however, team owner Art Clarkson used the opportunity to raise money by auctioning off the jersey at the end of the season.

On October 17, 2008, Zach Harrison of the Minnesota State University Mavericks recorded a shorthanded natural hat trick against the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux. Harrison scored the three consecutive short handed goals over a span of 29:54. According to the Hockey Hall of Fame, they were not sure that this feat had ever been accomplished before at college level, and have since put Harrison's stick on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame. However, C.J. Young of Harvard is believed to have accomplished a shorthanded natural hat trick in 1988 against Dartmouth.

On November 22, 2008, Elin Holmlov of the University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs recorded a natural hat trick against the North Dakota Fighting Sioux at the Duluth Entertainment Convention Center arena in Duluth, MN. Holmlov scored the goals in a span of 29:01 and went on to score a fourth goal in a 6-2 victory by the Bulldogs. Holmlov was named the Western Collegiate Hockey Association Offensive Player of the Week. It is unknown if any other player in women's NCAA Division I hockey has scored a natural hat trick.[16]

On December 4, 2009, Neil Musselwhite of the State University of New York at Oswego Lakers recorded a shorthanded natural hat trick against the State University of New York at Brockport Golden Eagles. Musselwhite scored the goals over a span of just 2:59 towards the end of the second period, and the beginning of the third period. Musselwhite netted 4 total goals in the game en route to a 10–1 Oswego victory. This was the first shorthanded natural hat trick in the history of Division III Men's ice hockey.

On April 20, 2010, Matt Calvert of the WHL's Brandon Wheat Kings scored a natural short handed hat trick in a span of 6:47 against the Calgary Hitmen. This feat was accomplished during game 3 of the Wheat Kings Hitmen WHL Eastern Conference final. Calgary went on to win the game 6–3.

On April 24, 2010, Scott Timmins of the OHL's Windsor Spitfires scored a natural hat trick against the Kitchener Rangers during game 6 of the OHL Western Conference final. The final score was 6–4, in favour of Windsor.[17]

On May 6, 2010, Johan Franzen of the NHL's Detroit Red Wings, scored a natural hat trick against the San Jose Sharks during game 4 of the NHL Western Conference Semi Final. Franzen was first thought to have scored the games first four goals, but the first goal was reviewed and credited to Todd Bertuzzi. Franzen's goals came at the 7:50, 10:43 & 11:16 marks of the first period.

On June 28, 2010, Mark Del Ville of the AIHAL's Mid Ice Crisis, scored the fastest ever natural hat trick against the Ashburn Rinkrats. Del Ville scored the goals over a span of 17 seconds. Del Ville's goals came at the 3:21, 3:36, and 3:38 marks of the second period. The Mid Ice Crisis went on to lose the game 10-4. [18]


On October 15, 2009 Milan Michalek of the Ottawa Senators scored 2 straight shorthanded goals, and was later on another shorthanded breakaway before any other goals were scored but the goalie made the save. Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). When Mellanby scored a hat trick in a later game, some fans threw plastic rats on the ice, a tradition that continued for all Panthers' goals throughout the 1996 playoffs. Because of the resulting game delays, the league eventually banned this activity and modified Rule 63 to impose a minor penalty against the home team for a violation.[19]

David Legwand completed what was unofficially known as a Legwand Hat Trick in 2009 by notching a goal, assist and becoming a father, all on the same day.[20]

In December 2009, Christopher Crane of the Green Bay Gamblers in the USHL achieved the first-ever reported Bat Trick with two goals and one dispatched bat which flew into the game in the third period, reported by Fox11 News.[citation needed]

On April 6, 2010, the Sidney Crosby Hat Trick was declared after Crosby scored a goal, an assist and a goal-line save in Game 2 against the Ottawa Senators.[21]

Rugby league and Rugby union

In both codes of rugby football (rugby union and rugby league) a hat-trick is scored if a player scores three or more tries in a game. In rugby union, a related concept is that of a "full house" (scoring a try, conversion, penalty goal, and drop goal) in a single game. When a player scored two tries, this is often referred to as a "brace".

As with association football, it is common for the player to be awarded the match ball after scoring a hat-trick.

Lacrosse

A hat-trick in lacrosse is when a player scores three goals in one game. However, since lacrosse is more of a high-scoring game than hockey or soccer, the accomplishment is not as rare as in hockey or soccer, and good players may pick up hat-tricks easily.

In 2004, Colorado Mammoth public address announcer Steve Meade (a local radio broadcaster known as "Willie B") used the phrase "sock-trick" to describe a player scoring six goals in a game. When Mammoth superstar Gary Gait scored six in a game against the Anaheim Storm, fans threw socks onto the playing surface, earning a delay of game penalty to Colorado (served by Gait himself).[22]

Poker

Eliminating three players from a table with one hand in live poker play is sometimes referred to as a hat-trick and is incredibly rare. It is a much more frequent occurrence in online poker games, given the faster and greater number of hands played in online tournaments and the continuing presence of multiple "all-in" players during the early stages of tournament play as players look to build large chip stacks quickly and early.

Motor Racing

A hat trick in motor racing is deemed as three successive race wins, winning the same event three times in a row, or when a driver secures pole position, sets the fastest lap and wins the race.

Marbles

In marbles, a hat-trick occurs when a player hits all marbles in a single turn.

Scrabble

In scrabble, a hat-trick occurs when a player plays three consecutive bingos.

Darts

In darts, a hat-trick occurs when a player hits the Bullseye (target) with all three darts in a single turn.

See also

Look up hat trick in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

  1. ^ "Premiership hat-trick to Parramatta". The Age. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  2. ^ Taking three wickets in three balls entitled the bowler to receive a hat from his club commemorating the feat (or entitled him to pass the hat for a cash collection). Extended Oxford English Dictionary 1999 Edition : "It came into use after HH Stephenson took three wickets in three balls for the all-England eleven against the twenty-TWO THOUSAND of Hallam at the Hyde Park ground, Sheffield in 1858. A collection was held for Stephenson (as was customary for outstanding feats by professionals) and he was presented with a cap or hat bought with the proceeds."
  3. ^ The Oxford Companion to Australian Cricket (Oxford University Press, 1996) mentions that the word hat-trick was used in print for the first time in The Sportsman to describe Spofforth clean bowling three consecutive batsmen in the match against Hastings and Districts at the Oval on 29 August 1878. Spofforth did take a hat-trick and nine wickets in 20 balls against the XVIII of Hastings and Districts in 1878 (not a first class match), but the dates are incorrect.
  4. ^ "Fighting NZ overcome Dilshan blitz". Cricinfo.com. September 2, 2009.
  5. ^ "Hampshire v Indians, Match Report". CricInfo. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
  6. ^ "Hampshire v Indians at Southampton, 29 June-1 July 1996". CricInfo. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
  7. ^ "Stirling's gold, and the not-so-roaring forties". CricInfo. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
  8. ^ Warwick Franks, Australian Wisden Cricketers Almanac 2002. Hardie Grant Books.
  9. ^ Cricket Wellington – Babot: Triple Hat-trick
  10. ^ Kicks from the penalty mark (aka penalty shootout) are not part of the match. IFAB (2009). "Laws of the Game 2009/2010" (PDF). Zurich: FIFA. p. 130. Retrieved 2010-04-09. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |xx= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Taylor, Louise (2010-01-13). "Peter Lovenkrands scores hat-trick as Newcastle beat Plymouth". The Guardian. London.
  12. ^ See for example "ein lupenreiner Hattrick" against FC Köln in an article on Róbert Vittek. Template:De icon
  13. ^ Gillatt, Peter (30 November 2009). Blackpool FC on This Day: History, Facts and Figures from Every Day of the Year. Pitch Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1905411502.
  14. ^ a b c d "Guelph's tricky claim". Guelph Mercury. 2009-03-21. Retrieved 2009-04-06. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ "Henri Henri hat store history". 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
  16. ^ UMD Bulldogs: Elin Holmlov's natural hat trick[1]
  17. ^ Spitfires Force Game 7 With Win in Kitchener [2]
  18. ^ Fastest ever natural hockey hat trick
  19. ^ "OFFICIAL NHL RULES - Rule 63, Delaying the Game". Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  20. ^ http://www.sbnation.com/2009/11/22/1168794/david-legwand-completes-the-newly
  21. ^ http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=525937
  22. ^ Philly, R.A. (3 April 2004). "Gait knocks fans' socks off in 17–10 win". Outsider's Guide to the NLL. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
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