French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
*Territoire des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises* (TAAF)
Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands Territoire des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (TAAF)
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité"
	Click on map to enlarge
Capital	Port-aux-Français
Official languages	French
Government
• Prefect	Christian Gaudin
Territoire d'outre-mer
• Date	1955
Area
• Total	439,781 km2 (169,800 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate	140 hab.
Currency	Euro (EUR)
ISO 3166 code	TF
Internet TLD	.tf
	Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands: see CIA World Factbook

The French Southern and Antarctic Lands (French: Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, abbreviated TAAF), full name Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (French: Territoire des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises), consist of:

a group of volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, southeast of Africa, approximately equidistant between Africa, Antarctica and Australia;
Adélie Land, the French claim on the Antarctica continent;
the Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean.

The territory is also often called the French Southern Lands (French: Terres australes françaises) or French Southern Territories, which excludes Adélie Land where French sovereignty is not recognized internationally.^[1] The lands are not connected to France Antarctique, a former French colony in Brazil.

The territory has no permanent population; the population consists of military personnel, civilian officials, scientific researchers and support staff. Some of the territory's exclusive economic zone is of great importance for fishing.

Administration

The French Southern and Antarctic Lands have formed a territoire d'outre-mer (an overseas territory) of France since 1955. Formerly, they were administered from Paris by an administrateur supérieur assisted by a secretary-general; since December 2004, however, their administrator has been a préfet, currently Rollon Mouchel-Blaisot, with headquarters in Saint-Pierre on Réunion Island.

The territory is divided into five districts:

District	Capital	Winter Population	Summer Population	Area (km²)	EEZ (km²)
Îles Saint Paul et Amsterdam	Martin-de-Viviès	25	45	61	502,533
Archipel Crozet	Alfred Faure	25	45	352	567,475
Archipel des Kerguelen	Port-aux-Français	70	110	7,215	563,869
Terre Adélie	Dumont d'Urville Station	30	110	432,000	-
Îles Éparses⁽¹⁾	Saint-Pierre⁽²⁾	56	56	38.6	593,276
TAAF	Saint-Pierre⁽³⁾	150	310	439,781	2,274,277

⁽¹⁾According to new law 2007-224 of February 21, 2007 Scattered Islands constitute the 5th district of TAAF [1]. The website of the TAAF do not mention their population. The data are not included in the totals.
⁽²⁾The main station on the Îles Éparses is on Tromelin. The headquarters of the district chief, Saint Pierre, on Réunion Island, is located outside the TAAF.
⁽³⁾The main station of the territory is Martin-de-Viviès on Amsterdam. The capital and headquarters of the administrator of the territory, Saint Pierre, on Réunion Island, is located outside the TAAF.

Each district is headed by a district chief, which has powers similar to those of a French mayor (including recording births and deaths and being an officer of judicial police).

Because there is no permanent population, there is no elected assembly, nor does the territory send representatives to the national parliament.

Geography

The territory includes Île Amsterdam, Île Saint-Paul, Îles Crozet, and Îles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean near 43°S, 67°E, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, Adélie Land, named by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville after his wife.

The "Adélie Land" of about 432,000 km² and the islands, totalling 7781 km², have no indigenous inhabitants, though in 1997 there were about 100 researchers whose numbers varied from winter (July) to summer (January).

Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes and have been delineated as the Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands ecoregion. The highest point in the territory is Mont Ross on Îles Kerguelen at 1850 meters. There are no airstrips on the islands and the 1232 kilometres of coastline have no ports or harbours, only offshore anchorages.

The islands in the Indian Ocean are supplied by the special ship Marion Dufresne sailing out of Le Port in Réunion Island. Terre Adélie is supplied by Astrolabe sailing out of Hobart in Tasmania.

However, the territory has a merchant marine fleet totalling (in 1999) 2,892,911 GRT /5,165,713 t DWT DWT uses unsupported parameter (help), including seven bulk carriers, five cargo ships, ten chemical tankers, nine container ships, six liquefied gas carriers, 24 petroleum tankers, one refrigerated cargo ship, and ten roll-on/roll-off (RORO) carriers. This fleet is maintained as a subset of the French register that allows French-owned ships to operate under more liberal taxation and manning regulations than permissible under the main French register. This register, however, is to vanish, replaced by the International French Register (Registre International Français, RIF).

Economy

The territory's natural resources are limited to fish and crustaceans; economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets.

The main fish resources are Patagonian toothfish and spiny lobster. Both are poached by foreign fleets; because of this, the French Navy and occasionally other services patrol the zone and arrest poaching vessels. Such arrests can result in heavy fines and/or the seizure of the ship.

France used to sell licences to fish the Patagonian toothfish to foreign fisheries; because of overfishing, it is now restricted to a small number of fisheries from Réunion Island.

The territory takes in revenues of about €16 million a year.