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This article is about the video game series. For the 1999 debut installment in the series, see Silent Hill (video game). For the 2006 film adaptation, see Silent Hill (film).
Silent Hill
Logo
Genre(s)Survival horror
Developer(s)Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo
Climax Studios
Double Helix Games
Vatra Games
WayForward Technologies
Publisher(s)Konami
Konami Digital Entertainment
Creator(s)Keiichiro Toyama
Composer(s)Akira Yamaoka (1999–2009)
Daniel Licht (2011)
Platform(s)PlayStation, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita, Xbox, Xbox 360, Wii, Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows
First releaseSilent Hill
January 31, 1999
Latest releaseSilent Hill: Shattered Memories
December 8, 2009

Silent Hill (サイレントヒル, Sairento Hiru) is a survival horror video game series consisting of seven installments published by Konami and its subsidiary Konami Digital Entertainment. The first four games in the series, Silent Hill, Silent Hill 2, 3 and 4, have been developed by an internal factor, Team Silent (a development staff within former Konami subsidiary Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo). The latter three games, Silent Hill: Origins, Homecoming, and Shattered Memories, as well as the upcoming eighth and ninth installments, Downpour and Book of Memories, respectively, have been developed by various external developers.

Most of the installments are set in Silent Hill, a fictional American town which exists in a multiverse. The series is heavily influenced by the literary genre of psychological horror, with most of its player characters being "everymen", in contrast to action-oriented survival horror video game series featuring combat-trained player characters, such as Resident Evil, which is widely regarded as Silent Hill's "strongest" rival.[1]

Miscellaneous adaptations of Silent Hill have been released, including various in print media, a feature film, and spin-off video games. A second film adaptation, titled Silent Hill: Revelation 3D, is in post-production.[2]

Games

See also: List of Silent Hill media

Silent Hill

Main article: Silent Hill (video game)

Conceived by game designer Keiichiro Toyama, the first installment in the series, Silent Hill, was released in 1999 for the PlayStation and in 2009 became available to download from the American PlayStation Network store for the PlayStation 3 and the PlayStation Portable, as well as becoming temporarily available to download from the European PSN store. The plot of the game centers on Harry Mason arriving in Silent Hill and his subsequent attempts at finding his missing adopted daughter, eventually discovering her true origins as well as her genesis' true nature.

Silent Hill 2

Main article: Silent Hill 2

The second installment, Silent Hill 2, was released in 2001 for the PlayStation 2, the Xbox and Microsoft Windows and is an indirect sequel to the first game in the series. The Xbox and Microsoft Windows versions are extended, titled Silent Hill 2: Restless Dreams and feature an extra subplot scenario, as does the "Greatest Hits" re-release for the PS2. The game's plot centers on James Sunderland, who receives a letter from his deceased wife informing him that she is waiting for him in their "special place" in Silent Hill, urging him to visit the town.

Silent Hill 3

Main article: Silent Hill 3

The third installment, Silent Hill 3, was released in 2003 for the PS2 and Microsoft Windows and is a direct sequel to the first game in the series. Its plot follows a teenager named Heather as she uncovers the mysteries that surround her past and her own link to the town of Silent Hill.[3]

Silent Hill 4: The Room

Main article: Silent Hill 4: The Room

The fourth installment, Silent Hill 4: The Room, was released in 2004 for the PS2, the Xbox and Microsoft Windows. The plot follows Henry Townshend, who finds himself locked in his own apartment and discovers in it a portal to one of the series' alternate dimensions. The game features characters that are mentioned in previous games in the series.

Silent Hill: Origins

Main article: Silent Hill: Origins

The fifth installment, Silent Hill: Origins, was developed by Climax Studios and released in 2007 for the PSP, with a port for the PS2 released in 2008.[4] It is a prequel with a plot that features Travis Grady, who becomes trapped in Silent Hill after rescuing a girl from a burning house. During his quest to find the fate of the burned girl, he encounters characters from the first game and some new ones from his own subconscious.[5]

Silent Hill Homecoming

Main article: Silent Hill Homecoming

The sixth installment, Silent Hill Homecoming, was developed by Double Helix Games and released in 2008 for the PS3 and the Xbox 360 and in 2009 for Microsoft Windows. The plot follows Alex Shepherd, a soldier who has returned from a war overseas. Alex discovers upon his arrival that his father has gone missing and his mother has become catatonic. His brother is the only one who can provide solace, but he soon vanishes. The game chronicles Alex's search to find his missing brother.[6]

Silent Hill: Shattered Memories

Main article: Silent Hill: Shattered Memories

The seventh installment, Silent Hill: Shattered Memories, was developed by Climax Studios and released for the Wii in 2009, with ports to the PS2 and the PSP released in 2010.[7] It is a "reimagining" of the original game in the series, featuring a different plot and gameplay.

Silent Hill: Downpour

Main article: Silent Hill: Downpour

An upcoming eighth installment in the series, titled Silent Hill: Downpour, was announced in April 2010.[8] The game is due to release by Vatra Games for the PS3 and the Xbox 360[9] in late 2011. The plot follows player character Murphy Pendleton, a prisoner who is stranded in Silent Hill after the prison transport vehicle he is being transported with careens off a road.

Silent Hill: Book of Memories

An upcoming ninth installment, titled Silent Hill: Book of Memories, was announced at a press conference held by Konami on June 2, 2011. The game, which has yet to be "concept-approved" by Sony Computer Entertainment of America, is currently under development by WayForward Technologies, and will be released for the PlayStation Vita.[10][11][12] Book of Memories will follow a new storyline, feature returning creatures from the series' fictional universe, and include cooperative gameplay.[13] The game will be the first installment in the series to feature multiplayer gameplay.[14][13]

Previews of the game have been skeptical. Dale North of Destructoid said that a Silent Hill game that drives aways from the psychological horror is "scarier than any horror moment in any of the franchise games". [15]

Development

The games' developers have acknowledged that they are fans of the film Jacob's Ladder and its technique of inducing fear through a more psychological level of perception.[16] The films of David Lynch are also acknowledged to be an influence on Silent Hill.[17] Another major influence is Japanese horror, with comparisons made to classical Noh theatre and early 20th-century fiction writers such as Edogawa Rampo.[18]

Adaptations

Main article: List of Silent Hill media

Printed adaptations

Printed adaptations of the Silent Hill series include a series of comic books and the light novels Silent Hill and Silent Hill 2, with the latter two being novelizations of their eponymous video games. Other printed media based on the series include the guide book Lost Memories and the art book Drawing Block: Silent Hill 3 Program.

Film adaptation

A commercially successful film adaptation of the series, titled Silent Hill and based on the original game in the series, has been released in 2006. A second film adaptation, titled Silent Hill: Revelation 3D and based on Silent Hill 3, is currently under post-production.[2]

Spin-off video games

Spin-off video games based on the series include the visual novel Play Novel: Silent Hill for the Game Boy Advance, the arcade game Silent Hill: The Arcade and the mobile games Silent Hill: The Escape and Silent Hill: Orphan.

Common elements

Setting

File:Map SH1.jpg
The first map obtained in Silent Hill.

Silent Hill is a small town situated around the edge of Toluca Lake and a large forest, with the older sections of town located to the north and along the banks of the adjacent river. Due in part to heavy commercial development, the town is fairly self-sufficient; it has an elementary school, a shopping mall, a church, two separate hospitals, a sanitarium and other stores and attractions. The majority of the town's businesses are locally-owned mom-and-pop stores, with no apparent influence of chain stores or franchises other than a burger joint (called "Happy Burger") and a Shell gas station. Old Silent Hill and Paleville have large residential areas with both apartments and homes, as well as several motels and the grand Lakeview Hotel. The beachfront area of Paleville also has a lighthouse and hosts the Lakeside Amusement Park.

Prior to the 17th century, the area where Silent Hill was established was home to an unnamed Native American tribe that used the land for rituals. At the end of the century, settlers arrived and founded the town; shortly thereafter, they began to rapidly die off. The deaths were attributed to an epidemic, and Brookhaven Hospital was built to treat those affected. Eventually the settlers fled the town, leaving it abandoned for nearly a century, until it was resettled as a penal colony in the early 19th century. Twenty years later, another epidemic broke out, and Brookhaven Hospital was rebuilt and reopened. In the 1840s, the prison was closed, and the town once more abandoned; in the 1850s, coal was discovered there by another wave of settlers, and it became a boomtown.

During the American Civil War, the town served as a prisoner of war camp; after the end of the war, the building used to house prisoners was converted into a state penitentiary, and later on, Silent Hill became a resort town. Around the same period, a group of religious zealots founded a series of small doomsday cults based upon the eschatology of the unnamed Native American tribe which occupied the land before settlers arrived. Collectively referring to themselves as "The Order", the cults, each of whom worshipped a different sub-deity, practiced human sacrifice and necromancy in an ongoing effort to resurrect "The God", an ancient deity which they believed would usher in an age of paradise by killing all humans. The belief system incorporated terms/concepts such as "gyromancy", "Mark of Samael", and "Seal of Metatron". To fund their efforts, The Order dealt a psychedelic drug called White Claudia, manufactured from a plant indigenous to the town. The drug trade served to increase tourism to the town from the residents of surrounding areas, who traveled there to obtain White Claudia. The drug trade was eventually crippled in the midst of a war between The Order and local authorities in which members of The Order murdered several police officers. Users of White Claudia often experienced hallucinogenic encounters with demons.

Silent Hill manifests itself in at least three distinct parallel layers, or dimensions: a populated town; a seemingly abandoned town veiled by supernaturally thick fog and filled with monsters; and a dark and decaying version of the town (called the "Otherworld"), also filled with monsters. Only the latter two dimensions are explored by the games' player characters. Electricity and lighting are limited or nonexistent as well. Occasionally, the player characters will transit between the dimensions, and in some cases the dimensions may intersect with each other, creating an incoherent space called "Nowhere".

The different appearances of both the town and its inhabitants manifest from characters' personal fears, though not necessarily those of the main protagonists. These manifestations may be shared between characters, or otherwise appear exclusively to only one of them. It is implied that Silent Hill always held a supernatural presence, but the town's virulent history since the early modern period had made these energies into something darker.[19]

The power of Silent Hill has "intensified greatly" since the events of the first game.[20] While the first, second and prequel games featured main protagonists who were drawn into Silent Hill, in the third, fourth and sixth installments, the Otherworld has reached out to people in nearby towns of Portland, Ashfield and Shepherd's Glen, respectively.

Location

The location of Silent Hill is ambiguous. There are a number of clues regarding the town's location throughout the series:

  • The body of water that the town surrounds on three sides is revealed in the second game to be called Toluca Lake. The only real-life Toluca Lake is in California behind the Universal Studios Hollywood lot.[21]
  • The film's screenwriter, Roger Avary, used the real town of Centralia, Pennsylvania as an inspiration for the town of Silent Hill.[22] In 1962, a fire in a landfill spread to the coal mines underneath Centralia and has burned since then, forcing most inhabitants to abandon the town.

Gameplay

A combat scenario in Silent Hill 2, with James preparing to attack an approaching monster.

The first Silent Hill title, which served as the gameplay model for its first two sequels, utilized a third-person perspective with fixed camera angles at certain points. Most sections take place indoors, connected by open streets and alleyways (though the third and fourth games feature greatly reduced exploration of outdoor environments). The alternating fog and darkness only allow the protagonist and player to see within a ten-foot radius at any time. At the beginning of the game, the character is usually equipped with a pocket flashlight and a seemingly broken pocket radio that emits static in close proximity to monsters.

Much of the series' gameplay revolves around solving puzzles, often to obtain a key or other item essential to the plot. Various monsters are also encountered in nearly all parts of the game. The player has access to a variety of improvised melee weapons and firearms, although most characters do not show any indication of experience with firearms.[23] By following the stealth tactics of using the thick fog and turning off the flashlight, in order for the player character to sneak past enemies to avoid confronting them, ammunition as well as health can be preserved.[24]

All the games feature multiple endings. Silent Hill, for example, has a progression of endings from bad to good, depending on how many side objectives the player accomplishes prior to the final boss fight.[25] The endings of Silent Hill 2 are presented as being all equal, with no clearly defined bad ending.[26] There are also humorous joke endings in every game (except Silent Hill 4), most commonly referred to as the "UFO ending" because the main character comes in contact with extraterrestrials. Silent Hill 3 and Silent Hill: Origins, however, both force a good ending on first-time players, with bad and joke endings for players who use a continuing save.

Atmosphere

Composer Akira Yamaoka has provided atmospheric and emotive music for every game in the series, ranging from gritty post-industrial to trip hop and alternative rock pieces. Often in the Otherworld, music played is much louder than that of the fog world, making it harder to hear enemy's presence and much more frightening to the players. In addition, some environmental sound effects are included simply to frighten and alarm, rather than cause actual physical harm in the game (e.g., loud breathing or faint rustling in dark, empty hallways).

Beginning with Silent Hill 2, the series introduced the Noise Effect. It has become a staple in the series and is explained in the "Book of Lost Memories". The noise effect acts like a film grain filter, giving the game a constant sense of noise and presence, especially in the dark. This can severely inhibit the player's sight, as common objects such as pipes, walls and posters can appear from far distances as monsters and vice-versa, with distant monsters appearing as objects from a distance when not in motion. This effect has been expanded in Silent Hill 4 and Silent Hill: Origins by noticeably increasing in volume in the presence of monsters/spirits (even without the radio or flashlight on). This feature can be shut off after completing the game once.

Reception

Aggregate review scores
As of April 25, 2011.
Game GameRankings Metacritic
Silent Hill (PS1) 84.03%[27] (PS1) 86[28]
Silent Hill 2 (PS2) 85.77%[29]
(Xbox) 82.40%[30]
(PC) 70.33%[31] 		(PS2) 89[32]
(Xbox) 84[33]
(PC) 70[34]
Silent Hill 3 (PS2) 83.79%[35]
(PC) 70.42%[36] 		(PS2) 85[37]
(PC) 72[38]
Silent Hill 4: The Room (PS2) 76.13%[39]
(Xbox) 73.16%[40]
(PC) 70.35%[41] 		(PS2) 76[42]
(Xbox) 76[43]
(PC) 67[44]
Silent Hill: Origins (PSP) 78.10%[45]
(PS2) 72.41%[46] 		(PSP) 78[47]
(PS2) 70[48]
Silent Hill Homecoming (X360) 71.82%[49]
(PS3) 71.28%[50]
(PC) 59.38%[51] 		(PS3) 71[52]
(X360) 70[53]
(PC) 64[54]
Silent Hill: Shattered Memories (Wii) 78.75%[55]
(PS2) 76.83%[56]
(PSP) 71.80%[57] 		(Wii) 79[58]
(PS2) 77[59]
(PSP) 73[60]
Silent Hill: Downpour (X360) -[61]
(PS3) -[62] 		(PS3) -[63]
(X360) -[64]

The Silent Hill franchise has been universally praised for its graphics, atmosphere and story. The first three games received critical acclaim, with GameTrailers naming the first installment #1 on their "Top 10 Scariest Games" list, calling it a "masterpiece". The game was considered to redefine survival horror, changing the more action-oriented style based on Resident Evil to a more atmospheric, puzzle-based adventure.[65] Silent Hill 2 was named the 20th best game of the PS2 by IGN, saying "It preserved most of the original game's what-might-be-out-there fear, but with major advances to the graphics and sound, the game was able to deliver a far more immersive, frightful and compelling storyline."[66] Silent Hill 3 received praise for its story, which was a continuation of the plot from the first game.[67][68]

Beginning with Silent Hill 4, the games have been slightly less well received. While GameTrailers said that the aforementioned game was "memorable,"[69] many reviewers criticized the increased emphasis on combat, compromising the horror aspect of gameplay. 1Up said that Konami went "backwards" with this game,[70] though reviewers such as GameSpot still praised the game's atmosphere.[71] While Origins was praised for going back to the old formula — according to IGN, "Origins does justice to the series as a whole." Some criticized the series' increasing predictability: Gamespot stated that "This old fog needs to learn some new tricks."[72]

Homecoming, although receiving favorable reviews, has been the least well-received game in the franchise. It was praised for its graphics and audio, but the horror and gameplay has been met with mixed reactions, as some critics, such as GameSpot, felt that it lost "the psychological horror factor that the series is so well-known for."[73] IGN called the game a "letdown."[74]

Shattered Memories received more positive reviews. GameSpot praised the game's effort at revitalizing the first game's plot, rather than being a simple remake.[75]

See also

References

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Bibliography

Book of Lost Memories (in Japanese). Konami. 2003. ISBN 4757181450.

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