David Cameron
| File:David Cameron .jpg | |
| Constituency | Witney |
| Served | 2001 — present |
| Majority | 14,156 (26.3%) |
| Political Party | Conservative |
| Portfolio | Leader of the Opposition |
David William Donald Cameron born 9 October 1966) is a British politician, Leader of the Conservative Party, and Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. He is Member of Parliament for the Oxfordshire constituency of Witney.
Family life and early career
Cameron was brought up near Wantage in Oxfordshire, England, the son of stockbroker Ian Donald Cameron. He was educated at Eton, an English fee-paying school, and Brasenose College, Oxford. His tutor at Oxford, Professor Vernon Bogdanor, described him as "one of the ablest" students he has taught, whose political views were "moderate and sensible Conservative"[1]. While at Oxford he was a member of socially exclusive student dining society the Bullingdon Club, which is known for its members' wealth and destructive binges[2]. He graduated in 1988 with a first class honours degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Cameron worked for the Conservative Research Department between 1988 and 1992. He spent two days a week during that time in Downing Street on the Prime Minister's Questions briefing team. After the election he became a Special Advisor to the Conservative government, first at the Treasury (working for Norman Lamont at the time of Black Wednesday) and then the Home Office, where he worked for Michael Howard.
He married Samantha Sheffield on 1 June 1996; they have three children. Their first child, Ivan, was born with cerebral palsy and severe epilepsy. Cameron is quoted as saying regarding the news of his son's disabilities: "The news hits you like a freight train... You are depressed for a while because you are grieving for the difference between your hopes and the reality. But then you get over that because he’s wonderful."[1] The Camerons also have a daughter Nancy (born 2003) and a son Arthur Elwen (born 2006).
Between 1994 and 2001 he was the Director of Corporate Affairs at Carlton Communications and until August 2005 he was a non-executive director of Urbium PLC, operator of the Tiger Tiger bar chain. On 2 February 2006 he was voted into 92nd place in a poll of New Woman magazine readers to determine the 100 sexiest men in the world[2].
Parliamentary career
Cameron's first attempt to reach Parliament was as the Conservative candidate for Stafford at the 1997 general election, but he was defeated by the Labour candidate David Kidney. He was selected as the Conservative candidate for Witney for the 2001 general election, succeeding the former Conservative MP Shaun Woodward who had defected to the Labour Party. He won the seat for the Conservatives winning 22,153 votes (45.0%), a 7,973 majority. At the 2005 election he increased his vote to 26,571 (49.30%), a majority of 14,156.
Cameron, who made his maiden speech on 28 June 2001 [3], rose quickly through the Conservative ranks. He was appointed a Shadow Minister, Privy Council Office — part of the frontbench team shadowing the Leader of the House of Commons — in June 2003 and promoted in March 2004 to Shadow Minister for Local Government. In June 2004, he became Head of Policy Co-ordination for the Conservative Party, and since September 2004 has been a member of the Shadow Cabinet. He was heavily involved in the drafting of the Conservative manifesto for the 2005 general election. In May 2005, in the post-election reshuffle, he was made Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Skills. In this post he focused on urging the use of synthetic phonics in teaching (a policy subsequently adopted by the government), calling for a review of the closure of Special Schools and "returning integrity" to examinations. Cameron has been a loyal follower of the Conservative whip whilst an MP, and in common with his party he supported the Iraq war.
Party leadership election
Following the Labour victory in the May 2005 General Election, Michael Howard announced his resignation as Conservative leader, and set a lengthy timetable for the leadership election to choose his successor, partly to accommodate an attempt to reform the leadership election procedure (which was eventually rejected).
Cameron formally announced that he would be a candidate for the vacancy on 29 September 2005. He gained support from many colleagues including Boris Johnson, Shadow Chancellor George Osborne, then Shadow Defence Secretary and deputy Conservative leader Michael Ancram, Oliver Letwin and former party leader William Hague. [4] Despite this prior to the 2005 Conservative Party Conference his campaign had not yet gained significant support. However his speech (delivered without notes) proved a significant turning point in the contest. In the speech he vowed to make people "feel good about being Conservatives again...I want to switch on a whole new generation".
During the leadership election Cameron came under pressure over alleged experience with illegal drugs (specifically, allegations of recreational use of cocaine [5]). At a conference fringe event, when asked if he had taken drugs, he replied: "I had a normal university experience." Pressed on this point during the BBC programme Question Time, he insisted that everyone is allowed to "err and stray" in their past and that everyone is entitled to a private life before politics [6]. He also pointed out that members of the governing Labour Cabinet never answer similar questions when they are put to them. He confirmed during the leadership election that he smokes cigarettes. [7] One notable contrast in the election was between Cameron's background of a relatively distant connection to the aristocracy and an education at Eton and that of his rival contender David Davis, who was brought up on a council estate.
Cameron's victory in the leadership election, by that time widely expected based on opinion polls of Conservative Party members, was announced on 6 December 2005, at which point he became the 26th Leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition, succeeding Michael Howard. Cameron's success in the leadership election can be attributed to the Conservative memberships' belief that he is best placed to renew the Conservative Party as Tony Blair did for the Labour Party. Cameron's relative youth and inexperience on becoming leader also invited comparison with Blair, as has the widespread perception that the Conservatives need to perform an equivalent transformation to that of the Labour Party under Blair.
Upon his election as leader Cameron had only a little over four years experience as a Member of Parliament, making him perhaps the most inexperienced parliamentarian to take the leadership of a major British political party since William Pitt the Younger [8]. However as noted in the Early Life and Career section Cameron's experience in politics goes back before his election as an MP. As is customary for an Opposition leader who is not already a member (for example Neil Kinnock, Tony Blair and Iain Duncan Smith), upon election Cameron has become a member of the Privy Council, being formally approved to join on 14 December 2005 [9], and sworn in to the Council on 8 March 2006.
Values and philosophy
Cameron describes himself as a "modern compassionate conservative" and has spoken of a need for a new style of politics, saying that he was "fed up with the Punch and Judy politics of Westminster".[10]. He, and others in the so-called "Notting Hill" set [11] have sought to focus on issues such as the environment, work-life balance and international development - issues not traditionally seen as priorities for his party. Cameron is seen as more liberal on social issues than many of his predecessors, including the issue of gay rights. In a free vote in 2004 he supported the Civil Partnership Act 2004, which gave legal recognition to same-sex couples [12].
In July 2005 before winning the leadership, in a speech to the Centre for Social Justice he stated "the biggest challenge our country faces is not economic decline, but social decline". He has stated repeatedly that "There is such a thing as society, it's just not the same thing as the state" (a reference to Margaret Thatcher's famous remark that "There is no such thing as society, there are individual men and women..."[3]. In order to rebuild what he has described as a broken society he wishes "to set free the voluntary sector and social enterprises to deal with the linked problems that blight so many of our communities, of drug abuse, family breakdown, poor public space, chaotic home environments, high crime." Upon becoming leader Cameron set up a number of policy groups including the Social Justice Policy Group to address these issues. Chaired by Iain Duncan Smith the group will generate policy ideas that will be considered for the next Conservative manifesto.
Cameron's critics on the right are unhappy with this new emphasis and how it is being presented. They dislike his use of language, emphasis on style as much as substance, and presentation as something of an anti-politician (bringing a "new style of politics") which has been compared to the political style of the early years of Blair's leadership. [13] For instance Peter Hitchens, has written that "Mr Cameron has abandoned the last significant difference between his party and the established left", by making public services Britain's priority.[14] Going even further Norman Tebbit, has likened Cameron to Pol Pot "intent on purging even the memory of Thatcherism before building a New Modern Compassionate Green Globally Aware Party"[4].
Policies
Cameron is in principle in favour of cutting taxes. He has said that it is "essential to reduce taxes on employment and wealth creation in order to enhance our economy's competitiveness. But I don't think it's sensible today to write a Conservative budget for 2009 or 2010, with specific pledges on tax reduction". [15]
Cameron addressed health policy in a speech to The King's Fund in January 2006. In it he confirmed that the "patients passport" policy from the 2005 manifesto (to subsidise patients who sought private treatment away from the NHS) had been dropped. He also specifically ruled out converting the NHS to an insurance based system. Instead he has pledged more generally to develop policies to make the NHS a "more efficient, more effective and more patient-centred service."
With regards to Higher Education he has reversed the Conservative policy regarding tuition fees from the 2005 election manifesto. A future Conservative government would not reverse the fees introduced by the current Labour government (who themselves reversed their own explicit manifesto pledge of 2001 in introducing the fees).
Cameron is in favour of drug law review, and its reform, believeing that the current approach does not work [16]. Cameron voted for recommendation 24 of the Home Affairs Select Committee report: 'The Government's Drugs Policy: Is It Working?' [17] (published on 9 May 2002), which recommended that "the Government initiates a discussion within the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of alternative ways — including the possibility of legalisation and regulation — to tackle the global drugs dilemma". He has said that drugs policy must be evidence based and acknowledges that with regards to Cannabis evidence has shifted since 2002.
Cameron is in favour of fox-hunting [18] and has stated that a Conservative government under his leadership would give government time for a free vote on the issue.
He voted in favour of the Iraq war in common with his party[19] and has described Israel as "a lone democracy in a region that currently boasts no others." [20].
Actions and initiatives
Cameron has stated that he does not intend to oppose the government as a matter of course, and will offering his support in areas of agreement such as education reform.
While Cameron has stated that this is a bid to help end "Punch and Judy" politics that he dislikes, his approach may have a wider purpose. Some commentators see it as an attempt to increase divisions in the Labour Party over further Blairite reforms and as an attempt to demonstrate that the Conservatives are occupying the centre ground [citation needed].
Immediately after his election as leader, he restated his pledge to withdraw the party's MEPs from the cooperation with the European People's Party (EPP) within the European Parliament, viewing the EPP as excessively federalist. Cameron aims to set up a new grouping more focused on Conservative views, a move that has been resisted by some Conservative MEPs because of fears that such a move will reduce the party's influence in the European Parliament [citation needed].
On his first day as leader Cameron Cameron announced the launch of six 18-month policy reviews to seek develop new ideas in the specified areas.
These included the Quality of Life Challenge [21], under the chairmanship of John Gummer, covering a series of issues including climate change, urban landscape, traffic jams, and affordable housing [22], the Global Poverty Challenge and the Public Service Challenge.
His Shadow Cabinet appointments have been seen as successful in bringing together a broad range of talents from both wings of the party. The appointment of William Hague, a former party leader, to the Foreign Affairs brief and the retention of defeated rival David Davis as Shadow Home Secretary have been particularly welcomed in the press and the party.
During the first month of his leadership, David Cameron received a welcome polling boost, with several pollsters putting the Conservative Party ahead of the ruling Labour party by margins of 1 to 9 points.
During his paternity leave in February, 2006, Cameron left William Hague as acting leader of the party, assisted by David Davis.
On 22 March 2006, Cameron gave the Leader of the Opposition's response to the Budget in the House of Commons.[23][24]. It was an eight and a half minute long speech, including an intervention by the Deputy Speaker to call for order when Labour MPs became obstructively roudy. Cameron criticised in particular the fact that under Chancellor Gordon Brown "the tax burden is at its highest ever level in the history of this country". Furthermore, Cameron noted, Brown plans to borrow "£175 billion over six years". This, said Cameron, meant that Brown was "mortgaging this country's future". Cameron also argued that "The real challenge facing this country is competing in the new global economy. The Chancellor has given us the biggest tax burden in Britain's history, and cannot be the right person to meet that challenge. We used to have the 10th lowest business taxes in the developed world, but we now have the 10th highest." Cameron's response and its deliverance has been variously received. The Financial Times and The Guardian both thought it impressive[25][26]. However, others have criticised it for its brevity and its extremity of tone.
Ancestry
David Cameron is the cousin of the Conservative political journalist and editor Sir Ferdinand Mount, 3rd Baronet and the grandson of Sir William Mount, 2nd Baronet. Through the Mounts, he is related to many British aristocratic families, being descended from the 7th Earl of Denbigh, the 1st Earl of Ducie, the 1st Earl of Carnarvon, the 2nd Earl of Egremont, the 6th Duke of Somerset and the 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, as discussed here. He is also related to the British Royal Family by descent through his paternal grandmother from King William IV by his mistress Dorothea Jordan. He is a fifth cousin, twice removed of Queen Elizabeth II. He is also a descendant of the 1st Marquess of Montrose, as well as of Frederick V, Elector Palatine and Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, the daughter of King James I.
His wife is a descendant of King Charles II and Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, as well a descendant of King Charles II via his daughter by Moll Davies. She is also a descendant of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany [27].
See also
- Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 2005
- Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (UK)
- 54th UK general election
- UK general election, 2005
- UK general election, 2001
Notes
- ^ Quoted in "Focus: Can Boy Wonder save the Tories?", The Sunday Times, October 9 2005
- ^ Results of a poll of 10,000 New Woman magazine readers to determine the world's 100 sexiest men, 2006The majority of these votes came from one Nick Bull.
- ^ The full text of Margaret Thatcher's quote to Women's Own magazine, 31 October 1987
- ^ The Economist, 4 February 2006, page 32
External links
- David Cameron MP official site
- BBC Profile of his wife, Samantha Cameron
- Campaign for David Cameron official Leader of the Conservative Party campaign site
- Conservative Party – David Cameron official biography
- ePolitix.com — David Cameron profile
- Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: David Cameron MP
- David Cameron's Guardian columns (2001-2005) as Conservative Party diarist
- They Work For You – David Cameron MP
- The Public Whip – David Cameron MP voting record
- Open Directory Project — David Cameron directory category
- Privy Council Appointment of David Cameron MP - 10 Downing Street
- David Cameron's ancestry at thePeerage.com
- News and comment
- BBC News – Head of Shadow Policy Co-Ordination David Cameron profile 10 February, 2005
- Nick Cohen, New Statesman, 8 August 2005, "The birth of Blameron"
- The Independent – Tory contender calls for more liberal drug laws 7 September 2005
- Cameron calls for enterprise-based approach to development
- David Cameron on climate change