List of Olympic Games host cities
Since the Modern Olympics began in 1896, there have been 27 Summer Olympic Games held in 22 different cities and 21 Winter Olympic Games held in 18 different cities. In addition, three summer and two winter editions of the Games were scheduled to take place but were later cancelled due to war: Berlin (summer) in 1916, Tokyo (summer) and Sapporo (winter) in 1940, and London (summer) and Cortina d'Ampezzo (winter) in 1944. The 1906 Summer Olympics, held in Athens, are no longer officially recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which refers to them as 1906 Intercalated Games, and are thus not included in this list.[1] Three cities have been chosen by the IOC to host upcoming Olympic Games: Sochi for the 2014 Winter Olympics, Rio de Janeiro for the 2016 Summer Olympics, and Pyeongchang for the 2018 Winter Olympics.
Seven cities have hosted the Olympic Games more than once: Athens (1896 and 2004 Summer Olympics), Paris (1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics), London (1908, 1948 and 2012 Summer Olympics), St. Moritz (1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics), Lake Placid (1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics), Los Angeles (1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics), and Innsbruck (1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics). In addition, Stockholm hosted the 1912 Summer Olympics and the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics.[b] London has become the first city to have hosted three Games as of the 2012 Summer Olympics. The United States have hosted a total of eight Olympic Games, more than any other country, followed by France with five editions. Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom have each hosted three Games.
The Games have primarily been hosted in the continents of Europe (28 editions) and North America (12 editions); five Games have been hosted in Asia and two have been hosted in Oceania. In 2016, Rio de Janeiro will become South America's first Olympic host city, while the African continent is still to host the Olympic Games. Other major geographic regions which have not hosted the Olympics include the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean and Southeast Asia.
Host cities are selected by the IOC membership, usually seven years in advance.[2] The selection process lasts approximately two years. In a first stage, any city in the world may submit an application to become a host city. After 10 months, the Executive Board of the IOC decides which of these applicant cities will become official candidates as based on the recommendation of a working group that reviews the applications. In a second stage, the candidate cities are investigated thoroughly by an Evaluation Commission, which then submits a final short list of cities to be considered for selection. The host city is then chosen by vote of the IOC Session, a general meeting of IOC members.[3]
Olympic Host Cities
- For individual summer and winter lists, see List of modern Summer Olympic Games and List of Winter Olympic Games.
City | Country | Continent | Summer | Winter | Season | Year | Opening Ceremony | Closing Ceremony | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens | Greece | Europe | I | — | Summer | 1896 | 6 April | 15 April | |
Paris | France | Europe | II | — | Summer | 1900 | 14 April | 28 October | |
St. Louis | United States | North America | III | — | Summer | 1904 | 29 August | 3 September | |
London | United Kingdom | Europe | IV | — | Summer | 1908 | 27 April | 31 October | |
Stockholm | Sweden | Europe | V | — | Summer | 1912 | 5 May | 22 July | |
Berlin | Germany | Europe | VI | — | Summer | 1916 | Cancelled due to WWI[4] | ||
Antwerp | Belgium | Europe | VII | — | Summer | 1920 | 20 April | 12 September | [5] |
Chamonix | France | Europe | — | I | Winter | 1924 | 25 January | 4 February | [6] |
Paris | France | Europe | VIII | — | Summer | 1924 | 4 May | 27 July | [7] |
St. Moritz | Switzerland | Europe | — | II | Winter | 1928 | February 11 | February 19 | [8] |
Amsterdam | Netherlands | Europe | IX | — | Summer | 1928 | May 17 | August 12 | [9] |
Lake Placid | United States | North America | — | III | Winter | 1932 | February 4 | February 15 | [10] |
Los Angeles | United States | North America | X | — | Summer | 1932 | July 30 | August 14 | [11] |
Garmisch-Partenkirchen | Germany | Europe | — | IV | Winter | 1936 | February 6 | February 16 | [12] |
Berlin | Germany | Europe | XI | — | Summer | 1936 | August 1 | August 16 | [13] |
Sapporo | Japan | Asia | — | V | Winter | 1940 | Cancelled due to WWII[4] | ||
Tokyo | Japan | Asia | XII | — | Summer | 1940 | Cancelled due to WWII[4] | ||
Cortina d'Ampezzo | Italy | Europe | — | V | Winter | 1944 | Cancelled due to WWII[4] | ||
London | United Kingdom | Europe | XIII | — | Summer | 1944 | Cancelled due to WWII[4] | ||
St. Moritz | Switzerland | Europe | — | V | Winter | 1948 | January 30 | February 8 | |
London | United Kingdom | Europe | XIV | — | Summer | 1948 | July 29 | August 14 | |
Oslo | Norway | Europe | — | VI | Winter | 1952 | February 14 | February 25 | |
Helsinki | Finland | Europe | XV | — | Summer | 1952 | July 19 | August 3 | |
Cortina d'Ampezzo | Italy | Europe | — | VII | Winter | 1956 | January 26 | February 5 | |
Melbourne Stockholm[c] |
Australia Sweden |
Oceania Europe |
XVI | — | Summer | 1956 | November 22 June 10 |
December 8 June 17 | |
Squaw Valley | United States | North America | — | VIII | Winter | 1960 | February 18 | February 28 | |
Rome | Italy | Europe | XVII | — | Summer | 1960 | August 25 | September 11 | |
Innsbruck | Austria | Europe | — | IX | Winter | 1964 | January 29 | February 9 | |
Tokyo | Japan | Asia | XVIII | — | Summer | 1964 | October 10 | October 24 | |
Grenoble | France | Europe | — | X | Winter | 1968 | February 6 | February 18 | |
Mexico City | Mexico | North America | XIX | — | Summer | 1968 | October 12 | October 27 | |
Sapporo | Japan | Asia | — | XI | Winter | 1972 | February 3 | February 13 | |
Munich | West Germany | Europe | XX | — | Summer | 1972 | August 26 | September 11 | |
Innsbruck | Austria | Europe | — | XII | Winter | 1976 | February 4 | February 15 | |
Montreal | Canada | North America | XXI | — | Summer | 1976 | July 17 | August 1 | |
Lake Placid | United States | North America | — | XIII | Winter | 1980 | February 12 | February 24 | |
Moscow | Soviet Union | Europe[d] | XXII | — | Summer | 1980 | July 19 | August 3 | |
Sarajevo | Yugoslavia | Europe | — | XIV | Winter | 1984 | February 7 | February 19 | |
Los Angeles | United States | North America | XXIII | — | Summer | 1984 | July 28 | August 12 | |
Calgary | Canada | North America | — | XV | Winter | 1988 | February 13 | February 28 | |
Seoul | South Korea | Asia | XXIV | — | Summer | 1988 | September 17 | October 2 | |
Albertville | France | Europe | — | XVI | Winter | 1992 | February 8 | February 23 | |
Barcelona | Spain | Europe | XXV | — | Summer | 1992 | July 25 | August 9 | |
Lillehammer | Norway | Europe | — | XVII | Winter | 1994 | February 12 | February 27 | |
Atlanta | United States | North America | XXVI | — | Summer | 1996 | July 19 | August 4 | |
Nagano | Japan | Asia | — | XVIII | Winter | 1998 | February 7 | February 22 | |
Sydney | Australia | Oceania | XXVII | — | Summer | 2000 | September 15 | October 1 | |
Salt Lake City | United States | North America | — | XIX | Winter | 2002 | February 8 | February 24 | |
Athens | Greece | Europe | XXVIII | — | Summer | 2004 | August 13 | August 29 | |
Turin | Italy | Europe | — | XX | Winter | 2006 | February 10 | February 26 | |
Beijing[e] | China | Asia | XXIX | — | Summer | 2008 | August 8 | August 24 | |
Vancouver | Canada | North America | — | XXI | Winter | 2010 | February 12 | February 28 | |
London | United Kingdom | Europe | XXX | — | Summer | 2012 | July 27 | August 12 | |
Sochi | Russia | Europe[d] | — | XXII | Winter | 2014 | February 7 | February 23 | |
Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | South America | XXXI | — | Summer | 2016 | August 5 | August 21 | |
Pyeongchang | South Korea | Asia | — | XXIII | Winter | 2018 | February 9 | February 25 |
Statistics
Host cities for multiple Olympic Games
City | Country | Continent | Summer Olympics | Winter Olympics | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | United Kingdom | Europe | 3 (1908, 1948, 2012) | 0 | 3 |
Athens | Greece | Europe | 2 (1896, 2004) | 0 | 2 |
Paris | France | Europe | 2 (1900, 1924) | 0 | 2 |
Los Angeles | United States | North America | 2 (1932, 1984) | 0 | 2 |
Lake Placid | United States | North America | 0 | 2 (1932, 1980) | 2 |
Innsbruck | Austria | Europe | 0 | 2 (1964, 1976) | 2 |
St. Moritz | Switzerland | Europe | 0 | 2 (1928, 1948) | 2 |
Number of Olympic Games by country
Notes
- b The 1908 Games were originally given to Rome, but were moved to London when Mount Vesuvius erupted.[16]
- c Equestrian events were held in Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm had to bid for the equestrian competition separately; it received its own Olympic flame and had its own formal invitations and opening & closing ceremonies, just like the regular Summer Olympics.[17]
- d While Russia/Soviet Union spans the continents of Europe and Asia, both Moscow and Sochi are located in the European region.
- e Equestrian events were held in China's Hong Kong SAR.[18] Although Hong Kong's separate NOC conducted the equestrian competition, it was an integral part of the Beijing Games; it is not conducted under a separate bid, flame, etc., as was the 1956 Stockholm equestrian competition. The IOC website lists only Beijing as the host city.[19]
References
- General
- "The Olympic Games". olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- Specific
- ^ Findling, John E. (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-313-32278-5.
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suggested) (help) - ^ Group, Taylor Francis (2003). The Europa World Yearbook. Taylor and Francis Group. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
- ^ "Choice of the Host City". olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
- ^ a b c d e Durántez, Conrado (April–May 1997). "The Olympic Movement, a twentieth-century phenomenon" (PDF). Olympic Review. XXVI (14): 56–57.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ "Antwerp 1920". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Chamonix 1924". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Paris 1924". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "St. Moritz 1928". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Amsterdam 1928". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Lake Placid 1932". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Los Angeles 1932". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Berlin 1936". olympic.org. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "St Louis 1904". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
- ^ "St. Louis gets Olympic Games; International Committee Sanctions the Change for the World's Fair in 1904" (PDF). The New York Times. 1903-02-12. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "Rome Games moved to London". realclearsports.com. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Stockholm/Melbourne 1956". Swedish Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
- ^ Tim Pile (June 25, 2008). "Hong Kong saddles up for the Olympics". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - ^ "2008 Beijing Olympic home page". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-05-04.