Jump to content

Aafia Siddiqui

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Codetruth (talk | contribs) at 14:14, 22 February 2013 (Sentence correction). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

عافیہ صدیقی
Dr. Aafia Siddiqui
Born (1972-03-02) March 2, 1972 (age 52)
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Other names'Prisoner 650', 'Grey lady of Baghram'
CitizenshipPakistani[1][2]
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology (BS)
Brandeis University (PhD)
Occupationformer Neuroscientist[3]
Height5 ft 4 in (163 cm)[4]
Board member ofInstitute of Islamic Research and Teaching (President)[5][6]
Criminal penaltyConvicted; sentenced to 86 years in prison.[7][8]
Criminal statusbeing held in the FMC Carswell federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.[7]
Spouse(s)Amjad Mohammed Khan (1995 – October 21, 2002) (divorced)
, Ali Abdul Aziz Ali (February 2003–present)
ChildrenMohammad Ahmed (b. 1996);
Mariam Bint Muhammad (b. 1998); and
Suleman (b. September 2002)

Aafia Siddiqui (Urdu: عافیہ صدیقی; born March 2, 1972) an MIT Graduate and mother of three, is an American-educated Pakistani cognitive neuroscientist who did her PhD and undergraduate studies from the United states.[9] Dr. Aafia Siddiqui left the United States for Pakistan in 2002. Since the capture of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in March 2003 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, by the Inter-Services Intelligence, it is believed that Khalid mentioned Dr. Aafia’s name during his interrogation . He has later said that he gave the names of innocent people under torture to "please his captors". Aafia’s lawyers believe her name was one of these.[10][10] After she was named by him, Aafia and her children, the youngest only 6 months old, were kidnapped, tortured and illegally assaulted somewhere in 2003 and there whereabouts were unknown for 5 years. She was then found to be in Afghanistan under detention in 2008. Aafia was not charged for any terrorist-related activities. Instead she was tried and convicted in U.S. federal court for assault with intent to murder her U.S. interrogators in Afghanistan .[11][12][13] Aafia was sentenced by a United States district court to 86 years in prison.[14] [11]

Background

Aafia Siddiqui came to the United States on a student visa in 1990 for both undergraduate and graduate education, and she eventually settled in Massachusetts and earned a PhD in neuroscience from Brandeis University in 2001. A devout Muslim who had engaged in Islamic charity work,[4] Aafia travelled to Pakistan in 2002, before disappearing with her three young children in March 2003.[3][15][16] Her whereabouts were reported to have been unknown for more than five years, until she was found in July 2008 to be in Afghanistan.[9] [16][17] [16] [3] [11][12][13]

Aafia was shot at and severely wounded at the police compound the following day. She grabbed an unattended rifle from behind a curtain and began shooting at innocent Americans.[18] Aafia however, clarified, that she stood up to attempt to deprive the soldiers of their lives using a rifle, the soldiers in defence shot back at her.[19] She had been assaulted at, mistreated and physically harrased in Bagram Air Base and was flown to the U.S.[20] to be charged in a New York City federal court with attempted murder, and armed assault on U.S. officers and employees.[15][21] She denied the charges.[22] After receiving psychological evaluations and therapy, the judge declared her mentally fit to stand trial.[23][24] Aafia interrupted the trial proceedings with vocal outbursts due to the shear pain she had to endure for 6 years after her kidnapping and of her children and the physical torture done against them.[11] The jury convicted her of all the charges in February 2010.[14][18][25] The prosecution argued for "terrorism enhancement" of the charges that would require a life term;[7] Siddiqui's lawyers requested a 12-year sentence, arguing that she was mentally ill.[26][27] The charges against her stemmed solely from the shooting, and Siddiqui was not charged with, or prosecuted for, any terrorism-related offenses.[28][29]

Amnesty International monitored the trial for fairness.[30] Four British Parliamentarians called the trial a grave miscarriage of justice that violated the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution as well as the United States' obligations as a member of the United Nations, and demanded Siddiqui's release. In a letter to Barack Obama, they stated that there was a lack of scientific and forensic evidence tying Siddiqui to the weapon she allegedly fired.[31] Many of Siddiqui's supporters, including some international human rights organizations, have claimed that Siddiqui was not an extremist and that she and her young children were illegally detained, interrogated and tortured by Pakistani intelligence, U.S. authorities or both during her five-year disappearance.[3] The U.S. and Pakistan governments have denied all such claims.[12][32]

The Police Superintendent of Sindh Province, Pakistan said in a 2010 audio-recorded testimony that he "confirmed his personal involvement in arresting Siddiqui and her three small children in March 2003 . He said that local Karachi authorities were involved, participating with Pakistani intelligence (ISI), CIA and FBI agents."[33][34]

Biography

Family and early life

Siddiqui was born in Karachi, Pakistan, to Muhammad Salay Siddiqui, a British-trained neurosurgeon, who is now deceased, and Ismet (née Faroochi), an Islamic teacher, social worker, and charity volunteer, who is now retired.[16][35] She belongs to Urdu speaking community of Karachi. Her mother was prominent in political and religious circles and at one time a member of Pakistan's parliament.[36] Siddiqui is the youngest of three siblings.[16] Her brother is an architect who lives in Texas.[citation needed] Her sister, Fowzia, is a Harvard-trained neurologist, who worked at Sinai Hospital in Baltimore[37] and taught at Johns Hopkins University before she returned to Pakistan.[38]

Siddiqui attended school in Zambia until the age of eight, and finished her primary and secondary schooling in Karachi.[35]

Undergraduate education

Siddiqui moved to Houston, Texas, on a student visa in 1990 joining her brother.[12][35][39] She attended the University of Houston for three semesters, then transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology after being awarded a full scholarship.[16][37] In 1992, as a sophomore, Siddiqui received a Carroll L. Wilson Award for her research proposal "Islamization in Pakistan and its Effects on Women".[16][35][40] As a junior, she received a $1,200 City Days fellowship through MIT's program to help clean up Cambridge elementary school playgrounds.[16] While she initially had a triple major in biology, anthropology, and archeology at MIT, she graduated in 1995 with a B.S. in biology.[41][42]

She was regarded as religious by her fellow MIT students, but not unusually so: a student who lived in the dorm at the time said, "She was just nice and soft-spoken, [and not] terribly assertive."[37]

She joined the Muslim Students' Association (MSA),[16][43] and a fellow Pakistani recalls her recruiting for association meetings and distributing pamphlets.[28] Journalist Deborah Scroggins suggested that through the MSA's contacts Siddiqui may have been drawn into the world of terrorism:

At MIT, several of the MSA's most active members had fallen under the spell of Abdullah Azzam, a Muslim Brother who was Osama bin Laden's mentor.... [Azzam] had established the Al Kifah Refugee Center [Brooklyn, New York] to function as its worldwide recruiting post, propaganda office, and fund-raising center for the mujahideen fighting in Afghanistan... It would become the nucleus of the al-Qaeda organization.[16]

Siddiqui solicited money for the Al Kifah Refugee Center. In addition to being an al-Qaeda charitable front and al-Qaeda’s U.S operational headquarters, tied to bin Laden, it advocated armed violence. One of its affiliates, El Sayyid Nosair, had just killed Rabbi Meir Kahane in 1990, and it was tied to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.[12][16][41] Through the MSA she met several committed Islamists, including Suheil Laher, its imam, who publicly advocated Islamization and jihad before 9/11. For a short time, Laher was also the head of the Islamic charity Care International (which had nothing to do with the eponymous aid organization), which reportedly collected funds for jihadist fighters.[4]

When Pakistan asked the U.S. for help in 1995 in combating religious extremism, Siddiqui circulated the announcement deriding Pakistan for "officially" joining "the typical gang of our contemporary Muslim governments", closing her email with a quote from the Quran warning Muslims not to take Jews and Christians as friends.[16] She wrote three guides for teaching Islam, expressing the hope in one: "that our humble effort continues ... and more and more people come to the [religion] of Allah until America becomes a Muslim land." A good initiative.[16] She also took a 12-hour pistol training course at the Braintree Rifle and Pistol Club in Braintree, Massachusetts.[44]

Protest in favour of Dr. Aafia's release in Pakistan

Marriage, graduate school, and work

In 1995 she had an arranged marriage to anesthesiologist Amjad Mohammed Khan from Karachi, just out of medical school, whom she had never seen.[4][12] The marriage ceremony was conducted over the telephone.[20] Khan then came to the U.S., and the couple lived first in Lexington, Massachusetts, and then in the Mission Hill neighborhood of Roxbury, Boston, where he worked as an anesthesiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital.[12][16] She gave birth to a son, Muhammad Ahmed in 1996, and to a daughter, Mariam Bint-e Muhammad, in 1998; both are American citizens.[4][45]

Siddiqui studied cognitive neuroscience at Brandeis University.[9] In early 1999 while she was a graduate student, she taught General Biology Lab, a course required for undergraduate biology majors, pre-med, and pre-dental students.[12][46] She received her PhD in 2001 after completing her dissertation on learning through imitation;[4] "Separating the Components of Imitation".[35][47] Siddiqui's dissertation adviser was a Brandeis psychology professor who recalled that she wore a head scarf and thanked Allah when an experiment was successful.[9] He said her research concerned how people learn, and did not believe it could be connected to anything that would be useful to Al-Qaeda.[9] Siddiqui also co-authored a journal article on selective learning that was published in 2003.[48]

In 1999, while living in Boston, Siddiqui founded the Institute of Islamic Research and Teaching as a nonprofit organization. She served as the organization's president, her husband was the treasurer, and her sister was the resident agent.[5][6][35][nb 1] She attended a mosque outside the city where she stored copies of the Quran and other Islamic literature for distribution.[49] She also helped establish the Dawa Resource Center, a program that distributed Qurans and offered Islam-based advice to prison inmates.[45]

Divorce, and re-marriage

In the summer of 2001, the couple moved to Malden, Massachusetts.[16] According to Khan, after the September 11 attacks, Dr. Aafia insisted on leaving the U.S., saying that it was unsafe for them and their children to remain.[50] He also said that she wanted him to move to Afghanistan, and work as a medic for the Mujahideen.[12][24] [20][24][37] [4][15][16][20]

[50] Khan went to Aafia's parents' home, and announced his intention to divorce her and argued with her father. The latter died of a heart attack on August 15, 2002.[16][37] In September 2002, Aafia gave birth to the last of their three children, Suleman.[16] The couple's divorce was finalized on October 21, 2002.[16][24]

Aafia left for the U.S. on December 25, 2002, informing her ex-husband that she was looking for a job;[16] she returned on January 2, 2003.[15][16] [50] [4][36][37][51][52] Siddiqui listed Majid Khan as a co-owner of the P.O. box.[3][24] [16][53]

In February 2003, she married Ali Abdul Aziz Ali, in Karachi.[12][20][35][51] Ali is a nephew of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed,[3][12][51] and a cousin of Ramzi Yousef.[3][51][54] Aafia's marriage to Ali was denied by her family, but claimed by Pakistani and U.S. intelligence,[55] a defense psychologist,[56] and by Khalid's family.[28] [36][57][58] Ali was arrested on April 29, 2003, and taken to the Guantanamo Bay military prison;[51]. [12]

A large section of the Public is in Support of Dr. Aafia

Disappearance

In early 2003, while Aafia was working at Aga Khan University in Karachi, she emailed a former professor at Brandeis and expressed interest in working in the U.S., citing lack of options in Karachi for women of her academic background.[4][20]

According to the media, Khalid Sheikh Muhammad, was interrogated by the CIA after his arrest on March 1, 2003.[59] Khalid was tortured by waterboarding 183 times,[24][60] and his resultant confessions triggered a series of related arrests shortly thereafter.[16] The press reported Khalid naming Siddiqui as an al-Qaeda operative;[59] On March 25, 2003, the FBI issued a global "wanted for questioning" alert for Aafia and her ex-husband, Amjad Khan.[16] Aafia was accused of being a "courier of blood diamonds and a financial fixer for al-Qaida". [61] Khan was questioned by the FBI, and released.[20]However, these were claims that later proved to be false.

A few days later she left her parents' house along with her three children[62] on March 30.[28] She took a taxi to the airport, ostensibly to catch a morning flight to Islamabad to visit her uncle, but disappeared.[4][20]

Aafia and her children, one of whom was only 6 months old, were kidnapped, harrased and tortured in between 2003 and 2008.

On April 1, 2003, local newspapers reported, and Pakistan interior ministry confirmed, that a woman had been taken into custody on terrorism charges.[28] The Boston Globe described "sketchy" Pakistani news reports saying Pakistani authorities had detained Siddiqui, and had questioned her with FBI agents.[45][59] However, a couple of days later, both the Pakistan government and the FBI publicly denied having anything to do with her disappearance.[28] On April 22, 2003, two U.S. federal law enforcement officials anonymously said Siddiqui had been taken into custody by Pakistani authorities. Pakistani officials never confirmed the arrest, however, and later that day the U.S. officials amended their earlier statements, saying new information made it "doubtful" she was in custody.[63] Her sister Fauzia claimed Interior Minister Syed Faisal Saleh Hayat said that her sister had been released and would be returning home "shortly".[28]

In 2003–04, the FBI and the Pakistani government said they did not know where Siddiqui was.[20][64][65] U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft called her the most wanted woman in the world, an al-Qaeda "facilitator" who posed a "clear and present danger to the U.S." On May 26, 2004, the U.S. listed her among the seven "most wanted" al-Qaeda fugitives.[59][66] One day before the announcement, The New York Times cited the Department of Homeland Security saying there were no current risks; American Democrats accused the Bush administration of attempting to divert attention from plummeting poll numbers and to push the failings of the Invasion of Iraq off the front pages.[67]


"Prisoner 650"[68]

—Headline reference to Siddiqui in Tehran Times

According to her ex-husband, after the global alert for her was issued Siddiqui went into hiding, and worked for al-Qaeda.[20][50][69] During her disappearance Khan said he saw her at Islamabad airport in April 2003, as she disembarked from a flight with their son, and said he helped Inter-Services Intelligence identify her. He said he again saw her two years later, in a Karachi traffic jam.[20][24]

Media reports Siddiqui having told the FBI that she worked at the Karachi Institute of Technology in 2005, was in Afghanistan in the winter of 2007; she stayed for a time during her disappearance in Quetta, Pakistan, and was sheltered by various people.[3][12][70] According to an intelligence official in the Afghan Ministry of the Interior, her son Ahmad, who was with her when she was arrested, said he and Siddiqui had worked in an office in Pakistan, collecting money for poor people.[12] He told Afghan investigators that on August 14, 2008, they had traveled by road from Quetta, Pakistan, to Afghanistan.[38] Amjad Khan, who unsuccessfully sought custody of his eldest son, Ahmad, said most of the claims of the family in the Pakistani media relating to her and their children were to garner public support and sympathy for her; he said they were one-sided and in mostly false.[38][50] An Afghan intelligence official said he believes that Siddiqui was working with Jaish-e-Mohammed (the "Army of Muhammad"), a Pakistani Islamic mujahedeen military group that fights in Kashmir and Afghanistan.[12]

Siddiqui's maternal uncle, Shams ul-Hassan Faruqi, said that on January 22, 2008, she visited him in Islamabad.[20][24] He said that she told him she had been held by Pakistani agencies, and asked for his help in order to cross into Afghanistan, where she thought she would be safe in the hands of the Taliban.[20][24] He had worked in Afghanistan, and made contact with the Taliban in 1999, but told her he was no longer in touch with them. He notified his sister, Siddiqui's mother, who came the next day to see her daughter. He said that Siddiqui stayed with them for two days.[71] Her uncle has signed an affidavit swearing to these facts.[38]

Ahmad and Siddiqui reappeared in 2008.[12] Afghan authorities handed the boy over to Pakistan in September 2008, and he now lives with his aunt in Karachi, who has prohibited him from talking to the press.[12][20] In April 2010, Pakistan Interior Minister Rehman Malik said that a 12-year-old girl who was found outside a house in Karachi was identified by a DNA test as Siddiqui's daughter Mariyam, and that she had been returned to her family.[72]

Alternative scenarios

Siddiqui's sister and mother denied that she had any connections to al-Qaeda, and that the U.S. detained her secretly in Afghanistan after she disappeared in Pakistan in March 2003 with her three children. They point to comments by former Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan, detainees who say they believe a woman held at the prison while they were there was Siddiqui.[59] Her sister said that Siddiqui had been raped, and tortured for five years.[73][74] According to Muslim convert and former Taliban captive Yvonne Ridley, Siddiqui spent those years in solitary confinement at Bagram as Prisoner 650. Six human rights groups, including Amnesty International, listed her as possibly being a "ghost prisoner" held by the U.S.[3][45] Siddiqui claimed that she had been kidnapped by U.S. intelligence and Pakistani intelligence.[3]

Siddiqui has not explained clearly what happened to her other two children.[3] She alternated between saying that the two youngest children were dead, and that they were with her sister Fowzia, according to a psychiatric exam.[35] She told one FBI agent that sometimes one has to take up a cause that is more important than one's children.[70] Khan said he believed that the missing children were in Karachi, either with or in contact with Siddiqui's family, and not in U.S. detention.[38][50][75] He said that they were seen in her sister's house in Karachi and in Islamabad on several occasions since their alleged disappearance in 2003.[38][50][76]

In April 2010, Mariam was found outside the family house wearing a collar with the address of the family home.[77] She was said to be speaking English. A Pakistani ministry official said the girl was believed to have been held captive in Afghanistan from 2003 to 2010.[78][79] The U.S. government said it did not hold Siddiqui during that time period, and had no knowledge of her whereabouts from March 2003 until July 2008.[80] The U.S. ambassador to Islamabad, Anne Patterson, categorically stated that Siddiqui had not been in U.S. custody "at any time" prior to July 2008.[20] A U.S. Justice Department spokesman called the allegations "absolutely baseless and false", a CIA spokesman also denied that she had been detained by the U.S., and Gregory Sullivan, a State Department spokesman, said: "For several years, we have had no information regarding her whereabouts whatsoever. It is our belief that she ... has all this time been concealed from the public view by her own choosing."[45] Assistant U.S. Attorney David Raskin said in 2008 that U.S. agencies had searched for evidence to support allegations that Siddiqui was detained in 2003, and held for years, but found "zero evidence" that she was abducted, kidnapped or tortured. He added: "A more plausible inference is that she went into hiding because people around her started to get arrested, and at least two of those people ended up at Guantanamo Bay.[81] According to some U.S. officials, she went underground after the FBI alert for her was issued, and was at large working on behalf of al-Qaeda.[20][69] The Guardian cited an anonymous senior Pakistani official suggesting an "invaluable asset" like Siddiqui may have been "flipped" – turned against militant sympathisers – by Pakistani or American intelligence.[20]

Ahmed Siddiqui's account

In August 2010 Yvonne Ridley reported that she had acquired a three-paragraph statement taken from Ahmed by a U.S. officer before he was released from U.S. custody.[82][nb 2]

Ahmed described Aafia driving a vehicle taking the family from Karachi to Islamabad, when it was overtaken by several vehicles, and he and his mother were taken into custody. He described the bloody body of his baby brother being left on the side of the road. He said that he had been too afraid to ask his interrogators who they were, but that they included both Pakistanis and Americans. He described beatings when he was in U.S. custody. Eventually, he said, he was sent to a conventional children's prison in Pakistan.

His statement does not describe how he and his mother came to be in Ghazni in 2008.[82]

Arrest in Afghanistan

Siddiqui was approached by Ghazni Province police officers outside the Ghazni governor's compound on the evening of July 17, 2008 in the city of Ghazni. With two small bags at her side, crouching on the ground, she aroused the suspicion of a man who feared she might be concealing a bomb under the burqua that she was wearing.[4] A shopkeeper noticed a woman in a burqa drawing a map, which is suspicious in Afghanistan where women are generally illiterate.[12][21] She was accompanied by a teenage boy about 12, whom she reportedly claimed was an orphan she had adopted.[35] She said her name was Saliha, that she was from Multan in Pakistan, and that the boy's name was Ali Hassan.[4] Discovering that she did not speak either of Afghanistan's main dialects, Pashtu or Dari, the officers regarded her as suspicious.[21]

There are conflicting accounts of the events following her arrest, which led to her being sent to the United States for trial. American authorities say that two FBI agents, a U.S. Army warrant officer, a U.S. Army captain, and their U.S. military interpreters arrived in Ghazni the following day, on July 18, to interview Siddiqui at the Afghan National Police facility where she was being held.[15][21][83][84]

Shooting Story

[85]|source=—Captain Robert Snyder}}

  • American authorities say that the following day, on July 18, two FBI agents, a U.S. Army warrant officer, a U.S. Army captain, and their U.S. military interpreters arrived in Ghazni to interview Dr. Aafia at the Afghan National Police facility where she was being held.[15][21][83][84] They reported they congregated in a meeting room that was partitioned by a curtain, but did not realize that Siddiqui was standing unsecured behind the curtain.[15][21][84] The warrant officer sat down adjacent to the curtain, and put his loaded M4 carbine assault rifle on the floor by his feet, next to the curtain.[21][84] Siddiqui drew back the curtain, picked up the rifle, and pointed it at the captain.[83][84] “I could see the barrel of the rifle, the inner portion of the barrel of the weapon; that indicated to me that it was pointed straight at my head,” he said.[83][84] [21][84] .[3][83][84]

An Afghan interpreter who was seated closest to her lunged, grabbed and pushed the rifle, and tried to wrest it from her.[15][21][83][84][86] At that point the warrant officer returned fire with a 9-millimeter pistol, hitting her in the torso, and one of the interpreters managed to wrestle the rifle away from her.[3][21][61][84] During the ensuing struggle she initially struck and kicked the officers, while shouting in English that she wanted to kill Americans, and then lost consciousness.[15][21][84]

  • Siddiqui related a different version of events, according to Pakistani senators who later visited her in jail. She denied touching a gun, shouting, or threatening anyone. She said she stood up to see who was on the other side of the curtain, and that after one of the startled soldiers shouted "She is loose", she was shot. On regaining consciousness, she said someone said "We could lose our jobs."[24]
  • Some of the Afghan police offered a third version of the events, telling Reuters that U.S. troops had demanded that she be handed over, disarmed the Afghans when they refused, and then shot Dr. Aafia mistakenly thinking she was a suicide bomber.[87]

Aafia was taken to Bagram Air Base by helicopter in critical condition. When she arrived at the hospital she was rated at 3 on the Glasgow Coma Scale, but she underwent emergency surgery without complication. She was hospitalized at the Craig Theater Joint Hospital, and recovered over the next two weeks.[24][35] Once she was in a stable condition, the Afghan government allowed the Americans to transport her to the United States for trial. The day after landing, Siddiqui was arraigned in a Manhattan courtroom on charges of attempted murder. Her three-person defense team was hired by the Pakistani embassy to supplement her two existing public defenders, but Siddiqui refused to cooperate with them.[24]

Trial

Charges

Dr. Aafia was charged on July 31, 2008, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, with assault with a deadly weapon, and with attempting to kill U.S. personnel.[20][21] She was flown to New York on August 6, and indicted on September 3, 2008, on two counts of attempted murder of U.S. nationals, officers, and employees, assault with a deadly weapon, carrying and using a firearm, and three counts of assault on U.S. officers and employees.[15][88][89]

Medical treatment and psychological assessments

According to FBI reports prepared shortly after July 18, 2008, Siddiqui repeatedly denied shooting anyone, and later told a U.S. special agent at the Craig Hospital on or about August 1 that "'spewing bullets at soldiers is bad', but to her surprise 'you' have still taken care of me and treated me well."[90] On August 11, after her counsel maintained that Siddiqui had not seen a doctor since arriving in the U.S. the previous week, U.S. magistrate judge Henry B. Pitman ordered that she be examined by a medical doctor within 24 hours.[91] Prosecutors maintained that Siddiqui had been provided with adequate medical care since her detention in Afghanistan, though at the hearing they were unable to confirm whether she had been seen in New York by a doctor or by a paramedic.[92] The judge postponed her bail hearing until September 3.[93] An examination by a doctor the following day found no visible signs of infection; she also received a CAT scan.[94]

Siddiqui was provided care for her wound while incarcerated in the U.S.[35] In September 2008, a prosecutor reported to the court that Siddiqui had refused to be examined by a female doctor, despite the doctor's extensive efforts.[90] On September 9, 2008, she underwent a forced medical exam.[35] In November 2008, forensic psychologist Dr. Leslie Powers reported that Siddiqui had been "reluctant to allow medical staff to treat her". Her last medical exam had indicated her external wounds no longer required medical dressing, and were healing well.[95] A psychiatrist employed by the prosecutor to examine Siddiqui's competence to stand trial, Gregory B. Saathoff M.D., noted in a March 2009 report that Siddiqui frequently verbally and physically refused to allow the medical staff to check her vital signs and weight, attempted to refuse medical care once it was apparent that her wound had largely healed, and refused to take antibiotics.[35] At the same time, Siddiqui claimed to her brother that when she needed medical treatment she did not get it, which Saathoff said he found no support for in his review of documents and interviews with medical and security personnel, nor in his interviews with Siddiqui.[35]

Siddiqui's trial was subject to delays, the longest being six months in order to perform psychiatric evaluations.[20] She had been given routine mental health check-ups ten times in August and six times in September.

She underwent three sets of psychological assessments before trial. Her first psychiatric evaluation diagnosed her with depressive psychosis, and her second evaluation, ordered by the court, revealed chronic depression.[96] Leslie Powers initially determined Siddiqui mentally unfit to stand trial. After reviewing portions of FBI reports, however, she told the pre-trial judge she believed Siddiqui was faking mental illness.[12]

In a third set of psychological assessments, more detailed than the previous two, three of four psychiatrists concluded that she was"malingering" (faking her symptoms of mental illness). One suggested that this was to prevent criminal prosecution, and to improve her chances of being returned to Pakistan.[20][90] In April 2009, Manhattan federal judge Richard Berman held that she "may have some mental health issues" but was competent to stand trial.[20][90][95]

Objection to lawyers and jurors with Jewish backgrounds

She tried to fire her lawyers due to their Jewish background (she once wrote to the court that Jews are "cruel, ungrateful, back-stabbing").[20]

In addition she said her case was been orchestrated by unspecified "Jews" and demanded that no person of Jewish descent be allowed to sit on the panel of jurors.[97]

She demanded that all prospective jurors be DNA-tested, and excluded from the jury at her trial:

if they have a Zionist or Israeli background ... they are all mad at me ... I have a feeling everyone here is them—subject to genetic testing. They should be excluded, if you want to be fair.[98]

Siddiqui's legal team said, in regard to her comments, that her incarceration had damaged her mind.[3][99]

Prior to her trial, Aafia said she was innocent of all charges. She maintained she could prove she was innocent, but refused to do so in court.[100] On January 11, 2010, Siddiqui told the Judge that she would not cooperate with her attorneys, and wanted to fire them.[101] She also said she did not trust the Judge, and added, “I’m boycotting the trial, just to let all of you know. There’s too many injustices." She then put her head down on the defense table as the prosecution proceeded.[102]

Trial proceedings

After 18 months of detention, Siddiqui's trial began in New York City on January 19, 2010.[103][104][105][106] Prior to the jury entering the courtroom, Siddiqui told onlookers that she would not work with her lawyers because the trial was a sham.[107] She also said: "I have information about attacks, more than 9/11! ... I want to help the President to end this group, to finish them... They are a domestic, U.S. group; they are not Muslim."[13][108]

Nine government witnesses were called by the prosecution: Army Captain Robert Snyder, John Threadcraft, a former army officer, and FBI agent John Jefferson testified first.[14] As Snyder testified that Aafia had been arrested with a handwritten note outlining plans to attack various U.S. sites, she interjected: "Since I'll never get a chance to speak... If you were in a secret prison... or your children were tortured... Give me a little credit, this is not a list of targets against New York. I was never planning to bomb it. You're lying."[109][110][111][112] The court also heard from FBI agent John Jefferson and Ahmed Gul, an army interpreter, who recounted their struggle with her.[113]

The judge allowed the jury to hear about her target list and other handwritten notes, but not about the chemicals and mass-produced documents from "how-to" terror manuals, or about Siddiqui's alleged ties to al-Qaeda because they could have created an inappropriate bias.[114]

The defense said there was no forensic evidence that the rifle was fired in the interrogation room.[108] They noted the nine government witnesses offered conflicting accounts of how many people were in the room, where they were positioned and how many shots were fired.[14] It said it her handbag contents were not credible as evidence because they were sloppily handled.[115] According to the Associated Press of Pakistan, Carlo Rosati, an FBI firearms expert witness in the federal court doubted whether the M-4 rifle was ever fired at the crime scene.; an FBI agent testified that Siddiqui's fingerprints were not found on the rifle.[116] The prosecution argued that it was not unusual to fail to get fingerprints off a gun. "This is a crime that was committed in a war zone, a chaotic and uncontrolled environment 6,000 miles away from here."[111] Gul's testimony appeared, according to the defense, to differ from that given by Snyder with regard to whether Siddiqui was standing or on her knees as she fired the rifle.[117] When Siddiqui testified, though she admitted trying to escape, she denied that she had grabbed the rifle and said she had been tortured in secret prisons before her arrest by a “group of people pretending to be Americans, doing bad things in America’s name.”[22]

During the trial, Aafia was removed from the court several times for repeatedly interrupting the proceedings with shouting; on being ejected, she was told by the judge that she could watch the proceedings on closed-circuit television in an adjacent holding cell. A request by the defense lawyers to declare a mistrial was turned down by the judge.[118]

During the trial, she was questioned about allegedly taking a firearms course while a student in Boston. Initially she answered that she had no memory of it but and when pressed further, denied it. When the prosecutor continued to press the issue implying sinister motivations, Dr. Aafia replied "You can't build a case on hate; you should build it on fact!" [119]

Conviction

Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn, where Siddiqui was formerly imprisoned before transferring in 2010

The trial lasted 14 days, with the jury deliberating for three days before reaching a verdict.[14][25] On February 3, 2010, she was found guilty of two counts of attempted murder, armed assault, using and carrying a firearm, and three counts of assault on U.S. officers and employees.[14][18][25] After jurors found Siddiqui guilty, she exclaimed: "This is a verdict coming from Israel, not America. That’s where the anger belongs."[120]

She faced a minimum sentence of 30 years and a maximum of life in prison on the firearm charge, and could also have received a sentence of up to 20 years for each attempted murder and armed assault charge, and up to 8 years on each of the remaining assault counts.[25] However, one should note that she was the one kidnapped and her children and one of her children was killed and yet she is the one being sent to jail. Her lawyers requested a 12-year sentence, instead of the life sentence recommended by the probation office. They argued that mental illness drove her actions when she attempted to escape from the Afghan National Police station "by any means available ... what she viewed as a horrific fate".[26] Her lawyers also claimed her mental illness was on display during her trial outbursts and boycotts, and that she was "first and foremost" the victim of her own irrational behavior. The sentencing hearing set to take place on May 6, 2010,[18] was rescheduled for mid-August 2010,[8] and then September 2010.[26]

Sentencing

Federal Medical Center, Carswell, where Siddiqui is currently located

Siddiqui was sentenced to 86 years in prison by the federal judge Berman in Manhattan on September 23, 2010, following a one-hour hearing in which she testified.[121][122]

A New York Times reporter wrote that at times during the hearing Judge Berman seemed to be speaking to an audience beyond the courtroom in an apparent attempt to address widespread speculation about Ms. Siddiqui and her case.

He gave as an example a reference to the five-year period before her 2008 arrest of Ms. Siddiqui’s disappearance and claims of torture, where the Judge said: "I am aware of no evidence in the record to substantiate these allegations or to establish them as fact. There is no credible evidence in the record that the United States officials and/or agencies detained Dr. Siddiqui".[123]

At the time of sentencing Siddiqui did not show any interest in filing an appeal, instead saying "I appeal to God and he hears me."[123] After she was sentenced, Siddiqui urged forgiveness and asked the public not to take any action in retaliation.[122]

Imprisonment

Siddiqui (Federal Bureau of Prisons #90279-054) was originally held at Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn.[124] She is now being held in Federal Medical Center, Carswell in Fort Worth, Texas.[125]

Reaction

Amnesty International monitored the trial for fairness.[126] Four British Parliamentarians called the trial a grave miscarriage of justice which violated the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution as well as the United States' obligations as a member of the United Nations, and demanded Siddiqui's release. In a letter to Barack Obama, they stated that there was a lack of scientific and forensic evidence tying Siddiqui to the weapon she allegedly fired.[127]

Many of Siddiqui's supporters, including some international human rights organizations, have claimed that Siddiqui was not an extremist and that she and her young children were illegally detained, interrogated and tortured by Pakistani intelligence, U.S. authorities or both during her five-year disappearance.[3] The U.S. and Pakistan governments have denied all such claims.[12][32]

In a 2010 audio-recorded testimony, the Sindh Province Police Superintendent, in the words of Stephen Lendman, "confirmed his personal involvement in arresting and abducting Siddiqui and her three small children in March 2003. He said that local Karachi authorities were involved, participating with Pakistani intelligence (ISI), CIA and FBI agents."[128][129] Anti-war activist Cindy Sheehan, criticised the conviction and the judicial process saying it was carried out by a kangaroo court, with the judge displaying an "open bias" and the trial was unjust.[130]

Taliban and al-Qaeda reaction

According to a February 2010 report in the Pakistani newspaper The News International, the Taliban threatened to execute captured U.S. soldier Bowe Bergdahl, whom they have held since June 2009, in retaliation for Siddiqui's conviction. A Taliban spokesperson claimed that members of Siddiqui's family had requested help from the Taliban to obtain her release from prison in the U.S.[131][132]

In September 2010 the Taliban kidnapped Linda Norgrove, a Scottish aid worker in Afghanistan, and Taliban commanders insisted Norgrove would be handed over only in exchange for Siddiqui.[133][134][135][136] On October 8, 2010, Norgrove was accidentally killed during a rescue attempt by a grenade thrown by one of her rescuers.[87][87][137][138][139]

A speaker for the Taliban, Waliur Rehman, announced that they wanted to swap Siddiqui for two Swiss citizens abducted in Balochistan. The Swiss couple escaped in March 2012.[140][141][142]

In December 2011, al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri demanded the release of Siddiqui in exchange for Warren Weinstein, an American aid worker kidnapped in Pakistan on August 13, 2011.[143]

Reaction in Pakistan

In August 2009, Pakistani Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani met with Siddiqui's sister at his residence, and assured her that Pakistan would seek Siddiqui's release from the U.S.[144] The Pakistani government paid $2 million for the services of three lawyers to defend Siddiqui during her trial.[145] Many Siddiqui supporters were present during the proceedings, and outside the court dozens of people rallied to demand her release.[146]

A petition was filed seeking action against the Pakistani government for it not approaching the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to have Siddiqui released from the United States. Barrister Javed Iqbal Jaffree said the CIA arrested Siddiqui in Karachi in 2003, and one of her sons was killed during her arrest. On January 21, 2010, Jaffree submitted documents allegedly proving the arrest to the Lahore High Court.[147]

In Pakistan, Siddiqui's February 2010 conviction was followed with expressions of support by many Pakistanis, who appeared increasingly anti-American, as well as by politicians and the news media, who characterized her as a symbol of victimization by the United States.[38] Her ex-husband, Amjad Khan, was one of the few who expressed a different view, saying that Siddiqui was "reaping the fruit of her own decision. Her family has been portraying Aafia as a victim. We would like the truth to come out." [97]

After Siddiqui's conviction, she sent a message through her lawyer, saying that she does not want "violent protests or violent reprisals in Pakistan over this verdict."[14] Thousands of students, political and social activists protested in Pakistan.[59] Some shouted anti-American slogans, while burning the American flag and effigies of President Barack Obama in the streets (see also: anti-Americanism in Pakistan).[148][149] Her sister has spoken frequently and passionately on her behalf at rallies.[38][149][150] Echoing her family's comments, and anti-U.S. sentiment, many believe she was picked up in Karachi in 2003, detained at the U.S. Bagram Airbase, and tortured, and that the charges against her were fabricated.[59][151]

The Pakistani Embassy in Washington, DC, expressed its dismay over the verdict, which followed "intense diplomatic and legal efforts on her behalf. [We] will consult the family of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui and the team of defense lawyers to determine the future course of action."[152] Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani described Siddiqui as a “daughter of the nation,” and opposition leader Nawaz Sharif promised to push for her release.[38] On February 18, President Asif Ali Zardari requested of Richard Holbrooke, U.S. Special Envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, that the U.S. consider repatriating Siddiqui to Pakistan under the Pakistan-U.S. Prisoner Exchange Agreement.[153][154] On February 22, the Pakistani Senate passed a resolution expressing its grave concern over Siddiqui's sentence, and demanding that the government take effective steps including diplomatic measures to secure her immediate release.[155]

Shireen Mazari, editor of the Pakistani newspaper The Nation, wrote that the verdict "did not really surprise anyone familiar with the vindictive mindset of the U.S. public post-9/11".[97] Foreign Policy reported that rumors about her alleged sexual abuse by captors, fuelled by constant stories in the Pakistani press, had made her a folk hero, and "become part of the legend that surrounds her, so much so that they are repeated as established facts by her supporters, who have helped build her iconic status".[149]

Steve Inskeep of National Public Radio noted on March 1 that while when Siddiqui's case has been covered in the U.S., it has mostly been described as a straightforward case of terrorism, in contrast when "the Pakistani media described this very same woman, this very same case, the assumptions are all very different".[156] The News International, Pakistan's largest circulation English tabloid, carried a March 3 letter from Talat Farooq, the executive editor of the magazine Criterion in Islamabad, in which she wrote:

The media has highlighted her ordeal without debating the downside of her story in objective detail. A whole generation of Pakistanis, grown up in an environment that discourages critical analysis and dispassionate objectivity ... has ... allowed their emotions to be exploited. The Aafia case is complex... The grey lady is grey precisely because of her murky past and the question mark hanging over her alleged links to militants.... Her family's silence during the years of her disappearance, and her ex-husband's side of the story, certainly provide fodder to the opposing point of view.... The right-wing parties ... have once again played the card of anti-Americanism to attain their own political ends.... Our hatred of America, based on some very real grievances, also serves as a readily available smokescreen to avoid any rational thinking.[157]

A New York Times article reviewing the Pakistani reaction noted: "All of this has taken place with little national soul-searching about the contradictory and frequently damning circumstances surrounding Ms. Siddiqui, who is suspected of having had links to Al Qaeda and the banned jihadi group Jaish-e-Muhammad. Instead, the Pakistani news media have broadly portrayed her trial as a “farce”, and an example of the injustices meted out to Muslims by the United States since Sept. 11, 2001."[38]

Jessica Eve Stern, a terrorism specialist and lecturer at Harvard Law School, observed: "Whatever the truth is, this case is of great political importance because of how people [in Pakistan] view her."[12]

In September 2010, Pakistan Interior Minister Rehman Malik sent a letter to the United States Attorney General calling for repatriation of Siddiqui to Pakistan. He said that the case of Siddiqui had become a matter of public concern in Pakistan and her repatriation would create goodwill for the U.S.[158]

On September 27, 2010, the MQM announced that it would take out a procession the next day "to condemn the sentence awarded to Dr Aafia Siddiqui in the United States."[159]

Reaction in Kashmir Many rallies were carried in solidarity with Asiya Siddique. Top woman Separatist Leader, Syed Asiya Andrabi condemned the US-Pakistan nexus in the torture and human rights abuse of Asiya Siddique "[160]

Failed "Swap" with Raymond Allen Davis

The parents of the two young men who were shot dead by Raymond Davis, CIA contractor in Pakistan and U.S. consulate employee, on January 27, 2011, had said they are ready to withdraw the murder case filed against him if the U.S. authorities allow Siddiqui to return to Pakistan as a free citizen.[161] However, both the families backed out afterwards and agreed to drop the case (according to Al Jazeera, under some pressure from the Pakistani government[162]) in return for accepting payment of up to 3 million USD; Davis was later released by Pakistan and went back to the U.S.[163][164]

Notes

  1. ^ On October 3, 2005, the Internal Revenue Service revoked the organization's charitable status, see Foundations Status of Certain Organizations, Internal Revenue Bulletin 2005–40, Announcement 25–67, October 3, 2005.
  2. ^ The statement is extracted from a document provided to British journalist, Yvonne Ridley.

References

  1. ^ "Pakistani Diplomats Visit Woman Detained in New York". WNYC. August 10, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  2. ^ Jihad incorporated: a guide to ... Google Books. January 14, 2010. ISBN 978-1-59102-453-8. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Bartosiewicz, Petra (January 18, 2010). "Al-Qaeda Woman? Putting Aafia Siddiqui on Trial". Time. Archived from the original on April 6, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Von Mittelstaedt, Juliane (November 27, 2008). "America's Most Wanted: 'The Most Dangerous Woman in the World'". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b Hasan, Hasan (March 27, 2003). "Pakistani couple sought in Qaeda hunt". Daily Times. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  6. ^ a b Stockman, Farah (April 10, 2004). "Roxbury address eyed in FBI probe". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c Tom Hays (September 23, 2010). "Pakistani given 86 years for firing at US troops". Seattle Times. Associated Press.
  8. ^ a b Staff reporter (May 6, 2010). "Hearing deferred to Aug 16". The Nation (Pakistan). Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d e Neumeister, Larry (August 23, 2008). "Clashing views of MIT grad suspected of terrorism". Fox News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 26, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  10. ^ a b Shah, Sabir (May 13, 2010). "Khalid Shaikh Mohammed — a fact sheet". The News International. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
  11. ^ a b c d Weiser, Benjamin (July 18, 2008). "Scientist Gets 86 Years for Firing at Americans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 30, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Stockman, Farah (January 19, 2010). "Alleged Pakistani militant stands trial today in NYC; Scientist trained at MIT, Brandeis" (pay per view). The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 12, 2010.
  13. ^ a b c Hurtado, Patricia (February 4, 2010). "Pakistani Scientist Guilty of Attack on Soldiers, FBI Agents". Bloomberg. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Hughes, C. J. (February 3, 2010). "Aafia Siddiqui Guilty of Shooting at Americans in Afghanistan". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Indictment in U.S. v. Siddiqui" (PDF). September 3, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Scroggins, Deborah (March 1, 2005). "The Most Wanted Woman in the World" (Limited access, subscription required). Vogue, reprinted by 'Access My Library'.
  17. ^ "FBI Seeking Information poster" (PDF). The FBI (reprinted by NEFA Foundation). 2003. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
  18. ^ a b c d Pilkington, Ed (February 4, 2010). "Pakistani scientist found guilty of attempted murder of U.S. agents". The Guardian (UK). New York. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Bartosiewicz, Petra (November, 2009). "The intelligence factory: how America makes its enemies disappear". Harper's magazine. Retrieved March 3, 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Walsh, Declan (November 24, 2009). "The mystery of Dr Aafia Siddiqui". London: The Guardian (UK). Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l FBI Special Agent (July 13, 2008). "Sealed Complaint in U.S. v. Aafia Siddiqui" (PDF). Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  22. ^ a b Hughes, C. J. (January 28, 2010). "Neuroscientist denies trying to kill Americans". The New York Times. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  23. ^ Weiser, Benjamin (July 29, 2009). "Pakistani Scientist Is Found Fit to Stand Trial". The New York Times. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bartosiewicz, Petra (November 2009). "The intelligence factory: How America makes its enemies disappear". Harper's Magazine. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  25. ^ a b c d "Aafia Siddiqui Found Guilty in Manhattan Federal Court of Attempting to Murder U.S. Nationals in Afghanistan and Six Additional Charges" (PDF) (Press release). Public Information Office, United States Attorney Southern District of New York. February 3, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2010. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ a b c Larry Neumeister (July 28, 2010). "Pakistani scientist lawyers seek 12-year sentence". Huffington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 25, 2010. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
  27. ^ "Hearing deferred to Aug 16". Nation.com.pk. May 6, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g "Mystery of Siddiqui disappearance". BBC News. August 6, 2008.
  29. ^ "Aafia Siddiqui Indicted for Attempting to Kill United States Nationals in Afghanistan and Six Additional Charges" (Press release). U.S. Department of Justice. September 8, 2008.
  30. ^ Amnesty International staff (January 19, 2010). "Amnesty International to observe the Trial of Aafia Siddiqui". Amnesty.org.
  31. ^ "British Parliamentarians for the release of Aafia Siddiqui" (Press release). April 9. Retrieved March 2, 2011. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ a b ANI staff (February 5, 2010). "Taliban demands release of Pak terror suspect Aafia, threatens to kill US soldier". One India. Asian News International. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010.
  33. ^ Lindman, Stephen (February 17, 2011). "Important New Information On Aafia Siddiqui's Case".
  34. ^ Brittain, Victoria (February 14, 2011). "The Siddiqui Case". Counterpunch. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Saathoff, Gregory B (March 15, 2009). "Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation; CST Aafia Siddiqui" (PDF). Court document (reprinted by the NEFA Foundation). p. 47. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
  36. ^ a b c Dickey, Christopher (2009). Securing the City: Inside America's Best Counterterror Force—The NYPD. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 1-4165-5240-5. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  37. ^ a b c d e f Ozment, Katherine (October 2004). "Who's Afraid of Aafia Siddiqui?". Boston Magazine. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mashood, Salman (March 5, 2010). "U.S. Sees a Terror Threat; Pakistanis See a Heroine". The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ Kephart, Janice L. (September 2009). "Immigration and Terrorism – Moving Beyond the 9/11 Staff report on Terrorist Travel". Center for Immigration Studies. Archived from the original on February 24, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ "The Carroll L. Wilson Award Recipients 1986–2005". MIT Entrepreneurship Center. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  41. ^ a b "E-mails Show MIT Grad Taught School While Raising Money for Terror-Linked Group". Fox News. August 22, 2008. Archived from the original on January 30, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ J. M. Lawrence (May 27, 2004). "War On Terror; Former MIT student and her pals now hunted by FBI". The Boston Herald. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
  43. ^ Chandna, Marium (January 19, 2009). "U.S. ignores 'innocent until proven guilty' for alleged terrorists". The Tartan (Carnegie Mellon's Student Newspaper). Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  44. ^ Stockman, Farah (February 4, 2010). "Scientist decries guilty verdict". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ a b c d e Stockman, Farah (August 12, 2008). "Activist turned extremist, US says Ex-Hub woman tied to Al Qaeda". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  46. ^ Lendman, Stephen (February 8, 2010). "Aafia Siddiqui: Victimized by American Injustice". Baltimore Chronicle & Sentinel. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
  47. ^ Siddiqui, Aafia (2001). "Separating the components of imitation". Dissertation:Thesis (PhD), Brandeis University. WorldCat.org. p. 183. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  48. ^ Sekuler, R; Siddiqui, A; Goyal, N; Rajan, R (2003). "Reproduction of seen actions: stimulus-selective learning". Perception. 32 (7): 839–54. doi:10.1068/p5064. PMID 12974569.
  49. ^ NBC5 staff (April 3, 2003). "Woman Sought by FBI Reportedly Arrested in Pakistan: Neurologist Questioned by FBI for Alleged Al-Qaida Links". NBC. Archived from the original on April 16, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  50. ^ a b c d e f g "Dr Aafia Siddiqui's husband breaks his silence after six years". Pak Tribune (Pakistan). February 18, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  51. ^ a b c d e "Detainee Biography: Ammar al-Baluchi" (PDF). Announncements. U.S. Director of National Intelligence. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  52. ^ Sjoberg, Laura; Gentry, Caron E. (2007). Mothers, monsters, whores: women's violence in global politics. Zed Books. ISBN 1-84277-866-8. Retrieved March 7, 2010.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  53. ^ "Pakistani Man Convicted Of Providing Material Support To Al Qaeda Sentenced To Thirty Years In Federal Prison" (PDF) (Press release). Public Information Office, U.S. Attorney Southern District of New York. July 20, 2006. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  54. ^ Bone, James (August 7, 2008). "Accused terror scientist in court". The Australian. Retrieved May 13, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Walsh, Declan (November 24, 2009). "The mystery of Dr Aafia Siddiqui". The Guardian. London.
  56. ^ Weiser, Benjamin (December 9, 2009). "Family Affair, Just Maybe, at Courthouse". The New York Times.
  57. ^ Kucharski, L. Thomas (July 2, 2009). "Forensic Psychological Evaluation; Aafia Siddiqui" (PDF). Retrieved February 13, 2010.
  58. ^ "Suspect scientist in court". The Sydney Morning Herald. August 7, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g Rodriguez, Alex (February 3, 2010). "Is she a victim of the U.S. or is she 'Terror Mom'?". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 15, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2010. {{cite news}}: More than one of |work= and |newspaper= specified (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  60. ^ Gunaratna, Rohan (March 3, 2003). "Womaniser, joker, scuba diver: the other face of al-Qaida's No 3". The Guardian(UK). London. Archived from the original on March 22, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  61. ^ a b Goldenberg, Suzanne and Shah, Saeed (August 6, 2008). "Mystery of 'ghost of Bagram' – victim of torture or captured in a shootout?". The Guardian. London.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  62. ^ Stockman, Farah (August 12, 2008). "Activist turned extremist, US says; Ex-Hub woman tied to Al Qaeda". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  63. ^ AP staff (April 22, 2004). "Pakistani woman in custody unlikely the one sought". USA Today. Washington. Associated Press. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  64. ^ Winstein, Keith J. "Reported Capture of MIT Alumna Denied by FBI". The Tech. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  65. ^ Dawn staff (April 16, 2003). "Pakistanis will not be extradited, US told". Dawn(Pakistan). Retrieved May 14, 2010. [dead link]
  66. ^ Esposito, Richard (September 2, 2008). "Alleged Mata Hari of Al Qaeda Indicted: Could Provide 'Treasure Trove' of Intelligence". The Blotter from Brian Ross. ABC News. Archived from the original on April 10, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  67. ^ Pither, Kerry (2008). Dark Days: The Story of Four Canadians Raped and Tortured in the Name of Fighting Terror. Penguin Books, Canada. p. 460. ISBN 978-0-670-06853-1.
  68. ^ Shahzad, Syed Saleem (August 2, 2008). "Is Aafia Siddiqui Bagram's Prisoner 650?". Tehran Times. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  69. ^ a b Iqbal, Anwar (August 4, 2008). "FBI concedes Aafia Siddiqui in US custody: lawyer". Dawn (Pakistan). Retrieved February 4, 2010.[dead link]
  70. ^ a b Neumeister, Larry (July 4, 2009). "Details emerge on woman accused of al-Qaida ties". The Guardian (UK). London. Retrieved February 12, 2010.
  71. ^ Shoaib, Syed (February 4, 2010). "Questions about convicted Pakistani doctor Siddiqui". BBC News. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  72. ^ Ibn-e-Umeed (April 11, 2010). "DNA proves the girl daughter of Aafia Siddiqui: Rehman Malik". The Statesmen. Pakistan. Archived from the original on April 14, 2010. Retrieved April 27, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ Yusuf, Huma (August 6, 2008). "Pakistani woman accused of aiding Al Qaeda operatives appears in court". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  74. ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (August 6, 2008). "Mystery of 'ghost of Bagram'– victim of torture or captured in a shootout?". London: The Guardian (UK). {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ Dawn staff (July 8, 2009). "Dr Aafia's ex-husband seeks children's custody". Dawn {Pakistan}. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  76. ^ Neumeister, Larry (July 4, 2009). "Details emerge on woman accused of al-Qaida". London: The Guardian (UK).
  77. ^ "Mystery girl left outside Aafia's house". Dawn.Com. April 5, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010.[dead link]
  78. ^ "Abandoned girl's blood sample obtained". Dawn.Com. April 6, 2010. Archived from the original on October 9, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)[dead link]
  79. ^ Tahir Niaz (April 11, 2010). "DNA proves girl is Aafia's daughter: Malik". Daily Times (Pakistan). Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  80. ^ Branigin, William (August 6, 2008). "Pakistani Woman Faces Assault Charges". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
  81. ^ Neumeister, Larry (November 20, 2008). "Prosecutor: No sign Pakistani suspect was abducted, tortured". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  82. ^ a b "First Public Statement From Aafia'S Son On His Disappearance And Detention". Justice for Aafia. August 24, 2010. Archived from the original on August 26, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  83. ^ a b c d e f Hytha, Michael (January 19, 2010). "Pakistani Woman Ejected From Trial Over Afghan Attack". BusinessWeek. Retrieved February 12, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  84. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Schmitt, Eric (August 5, 2008). "American-trained neuroscientist charged with trying to kill U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  85. ^ Gendar, Alison; Mcshane, Larry (January 19, 2010). "Aafia Siddiqui, aka 'Lady Al Qaeda,' thrown out of court after ranting at jurors again". The New York Daily News. Archived from the original on January 22, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  86. ^ Gendar, Alison; McShane, Larry (January 20, 2010). "Witness describes 'Lady Al Qaeda' suspect Aafia Siddiqui as 'mad, angry' during alleged gunfight". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on January 23, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  87. ^ a b c Kearney, Christine (August 6, 2008). "Pakistani woman faces US court for assault on troops". Reuters, UK. Retrieved May 13, 2010. Cite error: The named reference "reuters1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  88. ^ Montlake, Simon (September 3, 2008). "New York court indicts Pakistani scientist seized in Afghanistan". Terrorism & Security. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  89. ^ The Washington Post, Agence France-Presse (August 6, 2008). "Suspect scientist in court". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
  90. ^ a b c d Berman, Hon. Richard M. (April 28, 2009). "Order Finding Defendant Competent to Stand Trial; U.S. v. Siddiqqui" (PDF). Retrieved February 14, 2010.
  91. ^ Shulman, Robin (August 12, 2008). "Judge Orders Doctor For Detained Pakistani; Woman Accused of Assaulting Troops". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  92. ^ "Medical care for Pakistani scientist". The Sydney Morning Herald. August 12, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
  93. ^ AFP staff (August 12, 2008). "Medical care for Pakistani scientist". The Sydney Morning Herald. AFP. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  94. ^ Kearney, Christine (August 12, 2008). "Doctor examines Pakastani accused of U.S. troop attack". Reuters Canada. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  95. ^ a b ""Forensic Evaluation; Aafia Siddiqui", Leslie Powers, November 6, 2008, accessed February 17, 2010" (PDF). Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  96. ^ "Siddiqui Diagnosed With Chronic Depression".
  97. ^ a b c Walsh, Declan (February 4, 2010). "Pakistan denounces conviction of neuroscientist in US court". Islamabad: The Guardian (UK). Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  98. ^ Bone, James (January 15, 2010). "Aafia Siddiqui demands no Jewish jurors at attempted murder trial". The Times. London. Retrieved May 2010. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  99. ^ Haqqani (January 16, 2010). "Pak working on legal, diplomatic fronts for Aafia's release". The Nation (Pakistan). Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  100. ^ "Dr Aafia to boycott trial". The Nation (Pakistan). November 21, 2009. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  101. ^ Hays, Tom. "Woman Accused of Al-Qaida Ties Wants Lawyers Fired". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 14, 2010.[dead link]
  102. ^ Bone, James (January 15, 2010). "Aafia Siddiqui demands no Jewish jurors at attempted murder trial". The Times. London.
  103. ^ Weiner, David (January 14, 2010). "Aafia Siddiqui, Alleged Al Qaida Sympathizer: No Jews On Jury". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  104. ^ Gendar, Alison (January 14, 2010). "'Lady Al Qaeda' trial: Suspected terrorist Aafia Siddiqui tossed from courtroom after outburst". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  105. ^ Gendar, Alison (January 14, 2010). "'Lady Al Qaeda' cries foul: Accused terrorist Aafia Siddiqui says toss Jews from jury pool". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  106. ^ Staff reporter (January 16, 2010). "Exclude Jew jurors, demands Dr Aafia". Pak Tribune (Pakistan). Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  107. ^ Hays, Tom (January 19, 2010). "Reputed al-Qaida supporter taken from NY courtroom". The Boston Globe. Retrieved April 9, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  108. ^ a b McQuillan, Alice (January 19, 2010). "Reputed al-Qaida Supporter Rants at Opening Day of Trial". NBC New York. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  109. ^ Tehran Times staff (January 21, 2010). "Pakistani scientist alleges torture". Tehran Times. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  110. ^ Press TV staff (January 20, 2010). "My children were tortured, this trial is a sham: Aafia". Press TV. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  111. ^ a b Stockman, Farah (January 20, 2010). "Outburst punctuates opening of MIT scientist's trial". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  112. ^ Golding, Bruce (January 20, 2010). "'Qaeda' mom tossed from Manhattan courtroom". New York Post. Archived from the original on January 22, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  113. ^ Hays, Tom (January 20, 2010). "Witness recounts struggle with al-Qaida suspect". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 14, 2010.[dead link]
  114. ^ Gendar, Alison (January 14, 2010). "'Lady Al Qaeda' cries foul: Accused terrorist Aafia Siddiqui says toss Jews from jury pool". Daily News. New York. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  115. ^ Hughes, C. J. (January 19, 2010). "Outburst From Defendant in Afghan Shooting Trial". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 23, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  116. ^ Press TV staff, JR/HGL (January 20, 2010). "Case against Aafia Siddiqui begins to unravel". Press TV. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  117. ^ Dawn staff (January 21, 2010). "Witnesses' accounts differ at Dr. Aafia's trial". Dawn (Pakistan). Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)[dead link]
  118. ^ Hurtado, Patricia (February 4, 2010). "Pakistani Scientist Guilty of Attack on Soldiers, FBI Agents". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  119. ^ The Powerful Testimony of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui
  120. ^ ADL staff (February 9, 2010, updated April 26, 2010). "Terror-Related Trials Marked by Claims of Israeli Control". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  121. ^ Dan Murphy (2010=09-23). "Aafia Siddiqui, alleged Al Qaeda associate, gets 86-year sentence". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 26 September 2010. Retrieved September 24, 2010. Aafia Siddiqui, a US-educated Pakistani neuroscientist whose lawyers argued is mentally unstable, was sentenced to 86 years in prison in a New York district court for trying to shoot American soldiers in an Afghanistan police station two years ago. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) mirror
  122. ^ a b Masood Haider (September 23, 2010). "Dr Aafia Siddiqui sentenced to 86 years in jail". Dawn News (Pakistan). Archived from the original on September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)[dead link] mirror
  123. ^ a b In sentencing her, Judge Berman repeated the prosecution witnesses claim that while she shot at Americans with an M-4 rifle she had said ‘I want to kill Americans’ and ‘Death to America.’ Ms. Siddiqui said that she forgave the soldier who had shot her, and the judge. She told the court: “I am a Muslim, but I do love America, too. I do not want any bloodshed. I really want to make peace and end the wars.”Weiser, Benjamin (September 23, 2010). "Siddiqui Gets 86 Years for Attacking U.S. Questioners". The New York Times.
  124. ^ "Aafia Siddiqui." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on May 30, 2010.
  125. ^ "Aafia Siddiqui." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on November 20, 2010.
  126. ^ Amnesty International staff (January 19, 2010). "Amnesty International to observe the Trial of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui". Amnesty.org.
  127. ^ "British Parliamentarians for the release of Dr.Aafia Siddiqui" (Press release). April 9. Retrieved March 2, 2011. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  128. ^ Lindman, Stephen (February 17, 2011). "Important New Information On Aafia Siddiqui's Case". {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 27 (help)
  129. ^ Brittain, Victoria (February 14, 2011). "The Siddiqui Case". Counterpunch. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  130. ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2010/10/20101016133711604162.html >> Injustice in the age of Obama
  131. ^ Yusufzai, Mushtaq (February 5, 2010). "Taliban to execute US soldier if Aafia not released". The News International (Pakistan). Archived from the original on February 6, 2010.
  132. ^ Jontz, Sandra (February 6, 2010). "Militants threaten to execute U.S. soldier". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  133. ^ "British aid worker executed by Taliban". Dailyexpress.co.uk. Archived from the original on October 15, 2010. Retrieved October 10, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  134. ^ Reaction: Chris Watt (August 1, 2009). "A cruel and tragic end to a lifetime of devoted service". Herald Scotland. Archived from the original on October 13, 2010. Retrieved October 11, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  135. ^ Chandler, Neil (January 16, 2009). "Afghanistan: Aid hero dies in raid fiasco". Daily Star. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Retrieved October 11, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  136. ^ Abi, Maria (October 9, 2010). "British Aid Worker Killed in Afghanistan". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  137. ^ Borger, Julian (October 13, 2010). "Kiddnaped aid worker killed as US Seals mount rescue". The Guardian. London.
  138. ^ "UK aid worker Linda Norgrove killed in Afghanistan". Bbc. September 27, 2010. Archived from the original on October 10, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  139. ^ Patrick Sawer and Ben Farmer (October 9, 2010). "Kidnapped aid worker killed as special forces mounted rescue". London: Telegraph.
  140. ^ "British Pakistanische Taliban wollen Geiseln tauschen (German)". nzz.ch. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
  141. ^ Lehaz Ali. "Pakistan Taliban say they have Swiss hostages". AFP.
  142. ^ "Swiss couple escape from Pakistan Taliban captivity". Reuters. March 15, 2012.
  143. ^ http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2011/12/zawahiri_claims_al_qaeda_holdi.php
  144. ^ Kearney, Christine (September 3, 2009). "Pakistan to pay for lawyers of Qaeda suspect in U.S." In.reuters.com. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
  145. ^ Dawn staff (January 20, 2010). "Over 800 Pakistanis in Indian jails, Senate informed". Dawn (Pakistan). Islamabad. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  146. ^ APP staff (July 17, 2008). "Aafia rejects witness's claim she planned to attack New York landmarks". Associated Press of Pakistan. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  147. ^ Staff reporter (January 22, 2010). "Proof of Dr Aafia's arrest submitted to court". Dawn (Pakistan). Retrieved May 14, 2010.[dead link]
  148. ^ Hays, Hays (February 4, 2010). "NYC conviction doesn't silence Pakistani scientist". London: The Guardian (UK). Associated Press. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  149. ^ a b c Imtiaz, Saba (April 7, 2010). "The strange case of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui". The AfPak Channel (Afpak.foreignpolicy.com). Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  150. ^ Photo from AP (February 14, 2010). "Pakistani protester burn the effigy of Barack Obama". DayLife.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  151. ^ Yusuf, Huma (February 4, 2010). "'Lady Al Qaeda': Pakistan reacts to Aafia Siddiqui conviction in US court". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on May 13, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  152. ^ AFP staff (February 3, 2010). "Pakistan dismayed at U.S. guilty verdict". Vancouver Sun. Canada. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved May 14, 2010.[dead link]
  153. ^ Dawn staff (February 18, 2010). "Zardari urges Holbrooke to repatriate Dr Aafia Siddiqui". Dawn (Pakistan). Islamabad. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)[dead link]
  154. ^ "Richard Holbrooke calls on President". Islamabad: AP.com.PK. Associated Press Of Pakistan. February 18, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  155. ^ Dawn staff (February 23, 2010). "Senate passes resolution on Dr Aafia's case". Dawn (Pakistan). Islamabad. Archived from the original on March 29, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)[dead link]
  156. ^ Inskeep, Steve (March 1, 2010). "In Pakistan, 'Lady Al-Qaida' Is A Cause Celebre". Morning Edition. NPR. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  157. ^ Farooq, Talat (March 3, 2010). "Daughters of a lesser god?". PkColumns.com( Pakistan). Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  158. ^ "US requested to hand over Aafia". Dawn News (Pakistan). September 19, 2010. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved September 19, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  159. ^ MQM to take out protest rally tomorrow nation.com.pk
  160. ^ [1] article.wn.com
  161. ^ Chaudhry, Asif (January 31, 2010). "Parents reject compensation: 'Swap Davis for Dr Aafia'". Dawn. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  162. ^ "CIA man free after 'blood money' payment". Al Jazeera. March 16, 2011. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  163. ^ Walsh, Declan; MacAskill, Ewen (March 16, 2011). "CIA spy escapes murder case in Pakistan after US pays 'blood money'". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on April 13, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  164. ^ Miller, Greg; Constable, Pamela (March 16, 2011). "CIA contractor Raymond Davis freed after 'blood money' payment". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Primary sources

Court documents

Court documents posted by the NEFA Foundation

Other sources

Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aafia_Siddiqui&oldid=539660437"