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AMC Javelin

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AMC Javelin
1971 AMC Javelin SST
Overview
ManufacturerAmerican Motors Corporation (AMC)
Also calledRambler Javelin (Australia)
Javelin 79-K (Europe)
VAM Javelin (Mexico)
Production1967 – 1974
AssemblyKenosha, Wisconsin, United States
Port Melbourne, Australia
Osnabrück, Germany (Karmann)
Mexico City, Mexico
Caracas, Venezuela
DesignerRichard A. Teague
Body and chassis
ClassPony car
Muscle car
Body style2-door hardtop
LayoutFR layout
PlatformAMC’s "junior" cars

The AMC Javelin is a pony car that was built by the American Motors Corporation between 1967 and 1974 in two generations, model years 1968-1970 (with a separate design in 1970) and 1971-1974. The sporty Javelins came only as two-door hardtop (with no "B" pillar) body style, and were available in economical versions or as high-performance muscle cars.[1]

Javelins won the Trans-Am race series with AMC sponsorship in 1971, 1972 and 1973, and independently in 1975.

The second-generation AMX version was the first pony car to be used as a normal highway patrol police car by any U.S. organization.[2]

In addition to manufacture in Kenosha, Wisconsin, Javelins were assembled under license in Germany, Mexico, Venezuela, and Australia. They were also sold in other international markets.

Development

AMC Javelin badge

American Motors' Javelin served as the company's entrant into the "pony car" market created by the Ford Mustang. The design evolved from two AMX prototypes shown in AMC's "Project IV" concept cars during 1966.[3] One was a fiberglass two-seat "AMX", and the other was a four-seat "AMX II". Both of these offerings reflected the company's strategy to shed its "economy car" image and appeal to a more youthful, performance-oriented market.[4]

Sales of convertibles were dropping and AMC did not have the resources to design separate fastback and notchback hardtops that were available on the Mustang and on the second-generation Plymouth Barracuda, so the AMC designer team under Richard A. Teague penned only one body style, "a smooth semi-fastback roofline that helped set Javelin apart from other pony cars."[5]

The Javelin was built on AMC's "junior" (compact) Rambler American platform only as a two-door hardtop model to be a "hip", dashing, affordable pony car, as well as available in muscle car performance versions.[6] "Despite management's insistence on things like good trunk space and rear- seat room, Teague managed to endow the Javelin with what he termed the wet T-shirt look: voluptuous curves with nary a hint of fat."[5]

First generation

1968 and 1969
1968 AMC Javelin base model
Overview
Also calledIKA Mica (RA)
Rambler Javelin (AUS)
Production1967–1969
DesignerRichard A. Teague
Powertrain
Engine
  • 232 cu in (3.8 L) I6 145 hp (108 kW; 147 PS) 1-bbl or 155 hp (116 kW; 157 PS) 2-bbl
  • 290 cu in (4.8 L) V8 2-bbl 225 hp (168 kW; 228 PS)
  • 343 cu in (5.6 L) V8 235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS) 2-bbl or 280 hp (209 kW; 284 PS) 4-bbl
  • 390 cu in (6.4 L) V8 315 hp (235 kW; 319 PS)
Transmission3-speed manual
4-speed manual
3-speed automatic
3-speed “Shift-Command” on console
Dimensions
Wheelbase109 in (2,769 mm)
Length189.2 in (4,806 mm)
Width71.9 in (1,826 mm)
Height51.8 in (1,315.7 mm)
Curb weight2,836 lb (1,286.4 kg)[7]

The Javelin debuted on August 22, 1967 for the 1968 model year,[8] and the new models were offered for sale from September 26, 1967 with prices starting at $2,743[9] (equivalent to $12,814 in 2024 dollars).[10]

The car incorporated several safety innovations including interior windshield posts that were "the first industry use of fiberglass safety padding",[11] and the flush-mounted paddle-style door handles[12] that later became an enduring AMC safety and styling signature. To comply with National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) safety standards there were exterior side marker lights, and three-point seat belts and headrests for the front seats, while the interior was devoid of bright trim to help reduce glare.

SST interior

The new Javelin "offered comfortable packaging with more interior and luggage space than most of its rivals"[13] with adequate leg- and headroom in the back and a trunk capacity of 10.2 cubic feet (288.83 L). There were no side vent windows. Flow-through ventilation extracted interior air through apertures in the doors controlled by adjustable flap valves in the bottom of the door armrests. All Javelins came with thin-shell bucket seats and a fully carpeted interior, while the SST model had additional appearance and comfort items that included reclining front seat backs, simulated wood grained door panel trim, and a sports-style steering wheel. The Javelin's instruments and controls were set deep in a padded panel, with the rest of the dashboard was set well forward, away from the passenger.

The car's front end had what AMC called a "twin-venturi" look with recessed honeycomb grille and outboard-mounted headlamps, and matching turn signals were set into the bumper. There was a pair of simulated air scoops on the hood and the windshield was raked at 59 degrees for a "sporty overall appearance."[14]

Road & Track magazine compared a Javelin favorably to its competitors on its introduction in 1968, describing its "big, heavy, super-powerful engine" as "an asset in such a small vehicle", and the styling as "pleasant".[15] Motor Trend, putting the Javelin at the top of the "sports-personal" category in its annual "Car of the Year" issue, said it was "the most significant achievement for an all-new car" and "the most notable new entry in [its] class."[16]

Available only in a two-door hardtop, body style, the Javelin came in base and more premium SST models. Standard engines were a 232 cu in (3.8 L) straight-6 or a 290 cu in (4.8 L) 2-barrel carburetor V8. Optional was a 343 cu in (5.6 L) V8 in regular gasoline two-barrel, or high-compression, premium-fuel four-barrel versions. Racing driver Gordon Johncock said the Javelin had a "a nice, all-round blend of features", that it "stacks up as a roomy, comfortable, peppy and handsome example of a so-called "pony car" and that after his road test he "wanted to take it home."[17]

With the standard straight-6 engine, the Javelin cruised at 80 miles per hour (129 km/h) when equipped with an automatic transmission, while those with the small 290 cu in (4.8 L) V8 had a top speed of 100 miles per hour (161 km/h).[18] A three-speed "Shift-Command" automatic transmission was optional with a center console-mounted gear selector. Forward settings included "1", "2", and a "D" mode that was fully automatic, and the driver could choose to shift manually through all three gears.[19]

The optional "Go Package" included a four-barrel carbureted 343 cu in (5.6 L) V8, power front disc brakes, heavy-duty suspension, dual exhausts with chromed outlets, wide body-side stripes, and E70x14 red-line tires mounted on chrome-plated "Magnum 500" styled road wheels. A 343 Go Pac Javelin could accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) in eight seconds, had a top speed approaching 120 miles per hour (193 km/h),[18] and could run a quarter-mile in 15.4 seconds.[20] The largest engine in the first few months of 1968 production was "a 5.6 litre V-8 that delivered 284 SAE bhp, which made the car dangerously fast."[21]

In mid-1968, the new AMX 390 cu in (6.4 L) engine was offered as a "Go-package" option with a floor-mounted automatic or manual 4-speed transmission. "Its impressive 315 hp (235 kW; 319 PS) and 425 pound force-feet (576 N⋅m) of torque could send the Javelin from zero to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) in the seven-second range."[22]

American Motors supported the AMX and Javelin muscle-models with a range of factory-approved "Group 19" dealer-installed performance accessories. These included among others, dual four-barrel cross-ram intake manifolds, high-performance camshaft kits, needle-bearing roller rocker arms, and dual-point ignition.[23]

The average age of the "first 1,000 Javelin buyers was 29 — a full ten years under the median for all AMC customers."[24] The Javelin's marketing campaign, created by Mary Wells Lawrence of Wells, Rich, and Greene Inc, was innovative and daring in its approach.[25] Print and TV advertisements broke with the traditional convention of not attacking the competition, and some compared the AMC Javelin to the Ford Mustang side by side, as well as showing the Mustang being beaten to pieces with sledgehammers.[26]

The car was longer and roomier than the Ford Mustang, Chevrolet Camaro, and Plymouth Barracuda, and its shape was described as "exciting and beautiful". Total production for the 1968 model year was 55,125.[27]

1969

Breedlove roof spoiler

Minor changes for the second model year included revised side striping, an altered grille with a bull's eye emblem, and trim upgrades. An optional side-stripe package consisted of a C-shaped graphic that started behind the front wheel openings. The optional (standard with the "Go-Package") five-spoke Magnum 500 steel road wheels now came with a stainless steel trim ring. The interior received new door panels and upgraded carpeting. Instrumentation featured a 0–8000 rpm tachometer that now matched the speedometer in style. Late model-year production received a cowl over the instrument panel directly in front of the driver.

The “Mod Javelin” Package was introduced mid-year in 1969 and included a "Craig Breedlove" roof-mounted spoiler, simulated "exhaust" rocker trim, and twin blacked-out simulated air scoops on the hood. Optional “Big Bad” paint (neon brilliant blue, orange, or green) also became available from mid-1969 and came with matching front and rear painted bumpers, as well as two vertical rubber-faced painted bumper guards for the rear and a special bright lower grille molding for the front bumper. These optional colors were available on all Javelins through 1970.

The Go-Package option was available with the four-barrel 343 or 390 engines, and continued to include disc brakes, "Twin-Grip" (limited slip) differential, red-line performance E70x14 tires on "Magnum 500" styled wheels, heavy-duty suspension with thicker sway-bars, and other enhancements. Starting in January 1969, four-speed manual transmissions came with a Hurst floor shifter.

Production total for the 1969 model year was 40,675.[27]

1969 AMC Javelin
Shows a 1969 AMC Javelin finished in blue with optional white vinyl covered roof and Magnum 500 wheels
SST with vinyl-covered roof and "Magnum 500" wheels
Shows a 1969 AMC Javelin featuring optional in Big Bad Orange paint and optional black vinyl covered roof and full length body side stripes
"Big Bad Orange" with full-length body side stripes
Shows the rear right of a 1969 AMC Javelin SST finished in red with white bodyside C stripe
SST with "C" stripe

Racing

American Motors entered the Javelin in dragstrip and Trans-Am Series racing.[28] In January 1968 Kaplan Engineering began preparing two cars for that year's 12 Hours of Sebring, the Javelin's first Trans-Am race. Engines were prepared by Traco Engineering, who bored out the basic 290 cu in (4.8 L) V8 to 304.3 cu in (4.99 L). Ronnie Kaplan recalled that "... we never had enough time to properly develop the Javelins because of our time factor and most of our testing and development took place at the race track."[29] 36 cars of the 68 cars finished, with Peter Revson[30] and Skip Scott driving one of the Javelins to 12th overall and 5th in the O-class, a "remarkable" performance considering the program was initiated so quickly.[29]

American Motors placed third in the over-2-liter class of the 1968 series,[31] and established a record as the only factory entry to finish every Trans-Am race entered.[32]

Redesign

1970
1970 AMC Javelin SST with “Go Package”
Overview
Also calledRambler Javelin (Australia)
Production1969 and 1970
Powertrain
Engine
  • 232 cu in (3.8 L) I6 145 hp (108 kW; 147 PS) 1-bbl or 155 hp (116 kW; 157 PS) 2-bbl
  • 304 cu in (5.0 L) V8 2-bbl 225 hp (168 kW; 228 PS)
  • 360 cu in (5.9 L) V8 245 hp (183 kW; 248 PS) 2-bbl or 285 hp (213 kW; 289 PS) 4-bbl
  • 390 cu in (6.4 L) V8 325 hp (242 kW; 330 PS)
Transmission3-speed manual
4-speed manual
3-speed automatic
3-speed “Shift-Command” on console
Dimensions
Wheelbase109 in (2,769 mm)
Length191.04 in (4,852 mm)

1970

The 1970 Javelins featured a new front end design with a wide "twin-venturi" front grille incorporating the headlamps and a longer hood. It also had a new rear end with full-width taillamps and a single center mounted backup light. This was a one-year only design. Side marker lights were now shared with several other AMC models. The exterior rear view mirror featured a new "aero" design and in some cases matched the car's body color. The three "Big Bad" exterior paints continued to be optional on the 1970 Javelins, but they now came with regular chrome bumpers. Underneath the restyle was a new front suspension featuring ball joints, upper and lower control arms, coil springs, and shock absorbers above the upper control arms, as well as trailing struts on the lower control arms.

The 1970 AMC Javelins also introduced Corning's new safety glass, which was thinner and lighter than standard laminated windshields. This special glass featured a chemically hardened outer layer.[33] It was produced in Blacksburg, Virginia in a refitted plant that included tempering, ion exchange, and "fusion process" in new furnaces that Corning had developed in order to be able to supply to the big automakers.[34]

The engine lineup for 1970 was changed with the introduction of two new V8 engines: a base 304 cu in (5.0 L) and an optional 360 cu in (5.9 L) to replace the 290 and the 343 versions. The top optional 390 cu in (6.4 L) continued, but it was upgraded with new cylinder heads featuring 51 cc combustion chambers, increasing power to 325 hp (242 kW). The code remained "X" for the engine on the vehicle identification number (VIN). Also new was the “power blister” hood, featuring two large openings as part of a functional cold ram-air induction system; this was included with the "Go Package" option.

Many buyers selected the "Go Package", available with the 360 and 390 four-barrel V8 engines. This package as in prior years included front disc brakes, a dual exhaust system, heavy-duty suspension with anti-sway bar, improved cooling, and wide Goodyear white-lettered performance tires on styled road wheels.

The interior for 1970 was also a one-year design featuring a broad dashboard (wood grained on SST models), new center console, revised interior door panel trim, and tall "clamshell" bucket seats with integral headrests available in vinyl, corduroy, or optional leather upholstery. A new two-spoke steering wheel was available with a "Rim Blow" horn.

A comparison road test of four 1970 pony cars by Popular Science described the Javelin's interior as the roomiest with good visibility except for a small blind spot in the right rear quarter and the hood scoop, while also offering the biggest trunk with 10.2 cubic feet (289 L) of room.[35] It was a close second to the Camaro in terms of ride comfort, while the 360 cu in (5.9 L) engine offered "terrific torque." The 4-speed manual Javelin was the quickest of the cars tested, reaching 0 to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) in 6.8 seconds.[35]

1970 AMC Javelin
Shows a white 1970 AMC Javelin with optional black vinyl covered "halo" roof and "Go package"
SST with "halo" vinyl-covered roof
Shows a 1970 AMC Javelin featuring optional full black vinyl covered roof
SST with full vinyl-covered roof
Shows the engine compartment with a "Go Package" 390 CID V8
"Go Package" 390 engine

Racing

One of the biggest surprises of the 1970 motorsports season was the announcement that Penske Racing had taken over the AMC Javelin program, thus leaving the Camaro Trans-Am program to Jim Hall.[29] American Motors hired Roger Penske and driver Mark Donohue to seriously campaign Javelins in SCCA Trans-Am Series.[36] This coincided with the change in the Trans-Am rulebook allowing manufacturers to de-stroke preexisting corporate engines, so AMC's 390 cu in (6.4 L) was used as the starting point to meet the 5 L (305 cu in) displacement rule that was still in place.[37] The team included former Shelby chassis engineer Chuck Cantwell and a clockwork pit crew. The two-car Javelin effort provided the Budd Moore Ford Boss 302 Mustangs their "closest competition."[38] AMC finished in second place in the Over 2-liter class of the 1970 series.[39]

Capitalizing on the Javelin's successes on the race track, AMC began advertising and promoting special models.[40]

Among these was the "Mark Donohue Javelin SST".[41] A total of 2,501 were built to homologate the Donohue-designed rear ducktail spoiler and were emblazoned with his signature on the right hand side.[42] Designed for Trans Am racing, the rules required factory production of 2,500 spoiler equipped cars.[43] The original plan was to have all Donohue Javelins built in SST trim with the special spoiler, as well as the "Go Package" with Ram Air hood, a choice of a four-speed or automatic transmission on the floor, and a 360 cu in (5.9 L) engine with thicker webbing that allowed it to have four bolt mains. The cars could be ordered in any color (including "Big Bad" exteriors) and upholstery, as well as with any combination of extra cost options.

American Motors did not include any specific identification (VIN code, door tag, etc.) and some "Mark Donohue Signature Edition" cars came through with significant differences in equipment from the factory. This makes it easy to replicate, yet difficult to authenticate a "real" Mark Donohue Javelin.[44]

An estimated 100 "Trans-Am" Javelins replicating Ronnie Kaplan's race cars were also produced.[43] All cars included the 390 cu in (6.4 L) V8 engine with heavy-duty and performance features along with the front and rear spoilers, and were also painted in AMC racing team's distinctive Matador Red, Frost White, and Commodore Blue "hash" paint scheme.[40] Designed to commemorate AMC's entry into SCCA racing,[45] the Trans-Am Javelin's retail price was $3,995.[43]

The strong participation by AMC in Trans-Am and drag racing served to enhance its image, and notable was that its motorsports efforts were achieved on a shoestring budget with the automaker racking up a respectable number of points against its giant competitors.[46] For example, with an estimated 4.5 million participants and six million spectators, drag racing was the fastest growing segment of motorsport in the U.S.[47] The marketing strategy was to appeal to buyers who otherwise would not give AMC a second glance.

Motorsports
Shows a 1970 AMC Javelin dragstrip car at the starting lane
1970 AMC Javelin dragstrip car
Shows a 1970 Javelin Trans-Am finished in the factory red/white/blue paint scheme
1970 Javelin Trans-Am

Second generation

1971 – 1974
1974 AMC Javelin AMX with "Go Package"
Overview
Also calledIKA Mica (Argentina)
Rambler Javelin (Venezuela), (Australia)
VAM Javelin (Mexico)
Production1970 – 1974
Powertrain
Engine
  • 232 cu in (3.8 L) I6 135 hp (101 kW) (1971), 100 hp (75 kW) (1972-74)
  • 258 cu in (4.2 L) I6 150 hp (112 kW) (1971), 110 hp (82 kW) (1972-74)
  • 282 cu in (4.6 L) I6 200 hp (149 kW; 203 PS) (Mexico only)
  • 304 cu in (5.0 L) V8 2-bbl 210 hp (157 kW) (1971), 150 hp (112 kW) (1972-74)
  • 360 cu in (5.9 L) V8 245 hp (183 kW) 2-bbl, 285 hp (213 kW; 289 PS) 4-bbl (1971), 175 hp (130 kW) 2-bbl (1972-74), 195 hp (145 kW; 198 PS) 4-bbl (1972-73), 220 hp (164 kW; 223 PS) 4-bbl (1974)
  • 401 cu in (6.6 L) V8 335 hp (250 kW) (1971), 255 hp (190 kW) (1972-74)
  • 440 cu in (7.2 L) V8 655 hp (488 kW; 664 PS) (twin turbo)
Transmission3-speed manual
4-speed manual
3-speed automatic
3-speed “Torque-Command” on console
5-speed manual (twin turbo)
Dimensions
Wheelbase109 in (2,769 mm)
Length191.8 in (4,872 mm)
Curb weight2,875 lb (1,304.1 kg) - 3,184 lb (1,444.2 kg)

The AMC Javelin was restyled for the 1971 model year. The "1980-looking Javelin" design was purposely made to give the sporty car "individuality," even at "the risk of scaring some people off."[48]

The second generation became longer, lower, wider, and heavier than its predecessor. The indicated engine power outputs also changed from 1971 to 1972-74. Actual power output remained the same, but the U.S. automobile industry followed the SAE horsepower rating method that changed from "gross" in 1971 and prior years to "net" in 1972 and later years.[49]

1971

The new design incorporated an integral roof spoiler and sculpted fender bulges. The new body departed from the gentle, tucked-in look of the original.[50]

The media noted the revised front fenders (originally designed to accommodate oversized racing tires) that "bulge up as well as out on this personal sporty car, borrowing lines from the much more expensive Corvette."[51] The new design also featured an "intricate injection moulded grille."[52]

The car's dashboard was asymmetrical, with "functional instrument gauges that wrap around you with cockpit efficiency".[53] This driver-oriented design contrasted with the symmetrical interior of the economy-focused 1966 Hornet (Cavalier) prototype.

AMC offered a choice of engines and transmissions. Engines included a 232 cu in (3.8 L) I6 and a four-barrel 401 cu in (6.6 L) AMC V8 with high compression ratio, forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods engineered to withstand 8000 rpm. The BorgWarner T-10 four-speed manual transmission came with a Hurst floor shifter.

From 1971, the AMX was no longer available as a two-seater. It evolved into a premium High-Performance edition of the Javelin.

The new Javelin-AMX incorporated several racing modifications and AMC advertised it as “the closest thing you can buy to a Trans-Am champion.” The car had a stainless steel mesh screen over the grille opening, a fiberglass full-width cowl induction hood, and spoilers front and rear for high-speed traction.

The performance-upgrade "Go Package" provided the choice of a 360 or 401 4-barrel engine, and included "Rally-Pac" instruments, a handling package for the suspension, “Twin-Grip” limited-slip differential, heavy-duty cooling, power-assisted disc brakes, white-letter E60x15 Goodyear Polyglas tires on 15x7-inch styled slotted steel wheels) used on the Rebel Machine, a T-stripe hood decal, and a blacked-out rear taillight panel.

The 3,244-pound (1,471 kg) 1971 Javelin AMX with a 401 cu in (6.6 L) was able to complete the quarter-mile in the mid-14 second range at 93 miles per hour (150 km/h) on low-lead, low-octane gas.[50]

1971 AMC Javelin
Shows a 1971 AMC Javelin SST with optional "canopy" vinyl-covered roof
SST with "canopy" vinyl-covered roof
Shows a silver 1971 AMC Javelin AMX - the performance model with "flush" wire-mesh grille
AMX performance model
Shows the standard duck-tail rear spoiler of the AMX model - finished in red
Duck-tail AMX spoiler

Twin Turbo 440

The 1971 AMC Javelin Twin Turbo's 440 cubic-inch big-block Mopar V8 engine was rated at 655 HP at 5,900 RPM and 725 lb-ft of torque at 4,000 RPM.

The AMC Javelin Twin Turbo 440 Big-Block Mopar was the first pony car to beat the Shelby Cobra 427 in the quarter mile, but how does the 440 Javelin and the 427 Cobra compete with their rival, the one-off 1969 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray 454 LT2? In 1969, Motor Trend tested the Corvette Stingray LT2 coupe and recorded a 0-60 mph (0-97 km/h) time of 3.9 seconds and a quarter mile time of 10.6 seconds at 132 mph.

AMC has only built 700 examples of the Javelin Twin Turbo 440, with an MSRP of $6,995. If you're wondering how much an AMC Javelin Twin Turbo 440 would sell for in today's market, a price from $65,000 to $320,000 is a good starting point. Not only the AMC Javelin Twin Turbo 440 isn't your average muscle car, but it has better power-to-weight ratio (655 / 2,933 = 0.2233) than the U.S. marketed McLaren F1 (627 / 2,840 = 0.2207), the standard Saleen S7 (575 / 2,750 = 0.209), and the Porsche Carrera GT (612 / 3,000 = 0.204). Production for the Twin Turbo 440 began in 1971 and ended in 1973.

The one seat versions of the AMC Javelin Twin Turbo 440 were used only as racecars, while the five seat versions were used on public roads. Only 250 examples of the Twin Turbo 440 were built with only one seat, while the rest had five seats.

Acceleration

1971 AMC Javelin Twin Turbo 440[54]

  • 0-60 mph (97 km/h): 4.06 sec
  • 0-100 mph (160 km/h): 6.91 sec
  • 0-124 mph (200 km/h): 9.78 sec
  • quarter mile: 11.88 sec @ 138 mph (222 km/h)
  • top speed: 208.7 mph (335.9 km/h)

1972

The 1972 model year Javelins featured a new "egg crate" front grille design with a similar pattern repeated on the chrome overlay over the full-width taillights. The AMX version continued with the flush grille. A total of 15 exterior colors were offered with optional side stripes.[55]

To consolidate the product offering, reduce production costs, and offer more value to consumers, the 1972 AMC Javelins were equipped with more standard comfort and convenience items. Engine power ratings were downgraded to the more accurate Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) net hp figures. Automatic transmissions were now the TorqueFlite units sourced from Chrysler, called "Torque-Command" by AMC.

American Motors achieved record sales in 1972 by focusing on quality and including an innovative "Buyer Protection Plan" to back its products.[55] This was the first time an automaker promised to repair anything wrong with the car (except for tires) for one year or 12,000 miles (19,000 km).[56] Owners were provided with a toll-free telephone number to AMC, as well as a free loaner car if a repair to their car took more than a day.

By this time, the pony car market segment was declining in popularity. One commentator has said that “[d]espite the Javelin's “great lines and commendable road performance, it never quite matched the competition in the sales arena ... primarily because the small independent auto maker did not have the reputation and/or clout to compete with GM, Ford, and Chrysler.”[57]

1972 AMC Javelin
Shows front view of a 1973 Javelin with its new "Egg crate" grille design (the AMX was different)
"Egg crate" grille on Javelin SST
Shows the Javelin's driver-centered interior
Driver-centered interior
shows the rear end of a 1972 Javelin finished in blue with the taillamps following the "egg crate" pattern
Tail lamp design followed the grille

Pierre Cardin

During the 1972 and 1973 model years 4,152 Javelins were produced with optional interior design by fashion designer Pierre Cardin. Official on-sale date was March 1, 1972. The design had multi-colored pleated stripes in red, plum, white, and silver on a black background. Six multi-colored stripes, in a nylon fabric with a stain-resistant silicone finish, ran from the front seats, up the doors, onto the headliner, and down to the rear seats. Chatham Mills produced the fabric for the seat faces. Cardin's crest appeared on the front fenders. MSRP of the option was $84.95 ($583 in 2024 dollars[10]). A 2007 magazine article described the design as the "most daring and outlandish” of its kind.[58]

Pierre Cardin Javelin
Shows Cardin interior in a 1972 Javelin
1972 Cardin interior
Shows the headliner inside the car that also featured the fashion designer's stripes
Headliner with Cardin stripes
Shows the rear right of a 1973 AMC Javelin Pierre Cardin edition finished in red
1973 Cardin version

1973

The 1973 Javelin had several updates, most noticeably in the design of the taillights and grille, although the AMX grille remained the same. While all other AMC models had bumpers with telescopic shock absorbers, the Javelin and AMX were fitted with a non-telescopic design that had two rigid rubber guards.[59] These allowed the cars to withstand a 5-mile-per-hour (8 km/h) front and 2.5-mile-per-hour (4 km/h) rear impacts without damage to the engine, lights, and safety equipment. The doors were also made stronger to comply with a new U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) safety standards that they withstand 2,500 pounds (1,134 kg) of impact for the first 6 inches (152 mm) of crush.[60] The "twin-cove" indentations were eliminated from the Javelin's roof and a full vinyl top was made available. The 1970-72 "Turtle Back" front seats were replaced by a slimmer, lighter, and more comfortable design that provided more leg room for rear seat passengers.

All engines incorporated new emissions controls. The 1973 401 cu in (6.6 L) V8 was rated at net 255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) and achieved 0 to 60 mph acceleration in 7.7 seconds with a top speed of 115.53 mph (185.93 km/h), despite the Javelin's four-place size and weight.[61] Performance figures conducted by Road Test magazine of a 1973 Javelin SST with the 401 cu in (6.6 L) 4-barrel V8 engine and 4-speed manual transmission resulted in "respectable" quarter-mile (402 m) dragstrip runs of 15.5 seconds at 91 mph (146 km/h).[62]

American Motors continued its comprehensive "Buyer Protection" extended warranty on all 1973 models that now covered food and lodging expenses of up to $150 should a car require overnight repairs when the owner is more than 100 miles (161 km) away from home. The automaker promoted improved product quality with an advertising campaign that said "we back them better because we build them better".[63] Profits for the year achieved a record high.[64]

Javelin production for the 1973 model year totaled 30,902 units, including 5,707 AMXs.[62]

Trans Am Victory edition

Javelins driven in the Trans-Am captured the racing title for American Motors in both the 1971 and 1972 seasons.[65] The back-to-back SCCA championships with specially prepared race cars was celebrated by AMC by offering a limited run of "Trans Am Victory" edition 1973 Javelins.[66] The package was available on cars built from October to December 15, 1972, on any Javelin SST, except with the Cardin interior.[67] A single magazine advertisement, featuring the winning race drivers George Follmer and Roy Woods, promoted the special package.[68] Cars that were ordered with the visibility group, light group, insulation group, protection group, and sports-style steering wheel, received at no additional cost (but valued at $167.45) a large "Javelin Winner Trans Am Championship 1971-1972 SCCA" fender decals on the lower portion behind the front wheel openings, as well as 8-slot rally styled steel wheels with E70X14 Polyglass raised while letter tires and a "Space-Saver" spare tire.[67] The Trans Am Victory cars were also more "heavily optioned than regular production Javelins."[69] American Motors designed a quick identification system of its models by an information-rich Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) system.[70] However, because this was only a "value added" optional package, except as noted on the original window sticker, there is no VIN or door tag code to distinguish an authentic Trans Am-Victory edition car.[71]

1973 AMC Javelin
Shows front view of a 1973 Javelin with its new grille design (the AMX was different)
Redesigned grille of the Javelin SST
Shows the engine compartment of a 1973 Javelin with a 401 "Go Pac"
401 CID V8 with ram air
shows the rear end of a 1973 Javelin AMX finished in purple
Javelin AMX rear end

1974

1974 AMC Javelin AMX

By 1974, the automobile marketplace had changed. Mid-year, Chrysler abandoned the pony car market. Whereas Ford replaced its original Mustang with a smaller four-cylinder version, and other pony car manufacturers also downsized engines, the Javelin's big engine option continued until the production of the model ended in October/November 1974 amidst the Arab oil embargo and overall declining interest in high-performance vehicles.

The ’74 AMX didn’t do well in the marketplace compared to Camaro, Firebird, and the downsized Mustang II, all of which saw increased sales. Javelin production meanwhile reached a second-generation high of 27,696 units. Out of that total number, only 4,980 limited combination 1974 Javelin-AMX car models were produced and never to be made again.

A new seatbelt interlock system prevented the car from being started if the driver and a front passenger were unbuckled. The functional cowl-induction fiberglass hood was no longer available for 1974, and the output of the 401 cu in (6.6 L) V8 dropped by 20 hp (15 kW; 20 PS).[72] Some late-production cars came with hoods made from steel.[72]

Several factors led to the demise of the Javelin model, not least of which was the economic climate of the time. Unlike General Motors' Camaro and Firebird, the 1974 Javelin models were not exempt from new stricter front and rear bumper standards.[73] AMC estimated that approximately $12 million ($82,362,819 in 2024 dollars[10]) would need to be spent in engineering and design work to revise the bumpers to meet the new standards for 1975.[74]

American Motors also introduced the all-new 1974 Matador coupe that was described by Popular Mechanics automotive editor as "smooth and slippery and actually competes with the Javelinfor "boss" muscle-car styling".[75] The automaker also needed a manufacturing line to build its all-new AMC Pacer.[76] Nevertheless, more cars were built during the final year of Javelin production than the prior second-generation years, with 27,696 units built, of which 4,980 (about 15 percent) were Javelin AMX models.[77]

Racing

Racing AMC Javelin versions competed successfully in the Trans-Am Series with the Penske Racing/Mark Donohue team, as well as with the Roy Woods ARA team sponsored by American Motors Dealers.[78] The Javelin won the Trans-Am title in 1971, 1972, and 1975. Drivers included George Follmer and Mark Donohue.

One Javelin race car had the distinction of having different sponsors and being piloted by Mark Donohue, Vic Elford, George Follmer, Peter Revson, and Roy Woods.[79] This Javelin actually began life as a 1970 model, but was updated to 1971 sheetmetal.[79] The race car is now restored to its 1972 livery and is driven at Vintage Trans-Am events.[79]

Motorsports
Shows two cars: Sunoco racing AMC Javelin on an open car hauling trailer and a 1970 Javelin SST finished in light green
Trans-Am Sunoco AMX and 1970 Javelin
Shows the racing AMC Javelin AMX of Jim Richards
AMX at the Adelaide Parklands Circuit

Police

In an effort to find a more suitable and lower priced alternative to the traditional large-sized police cruisers, the Alabama Department of Public Safety (ADPS) first took a basic304 cu in (5.0 L) V8 as a test vehicle, found its power lacking, and then sampled a vinyl roof covered AMX with a 401 cu in (6.6 L) engine from the local dealer, Reinhart AMC in Montgomery.[2]

Javelins equipped with the 401 cu in (6.6 L) engine proved their performance and beginning in 1971, the Alabama Highway Patrol used them for pursuit and high-speed response calls.[80] The bid price was $3,047 for the 1971 police cruisers, and $3,242 for the 1972 model year versions.[81]

The 132 Javelins purchased during 1971 and 1972 were the first pony cars to be used as a normal highway patrol police car by any U.S. police organization.[82]

The last of ADPS Javelins was retired in 1979. One of the original cars is now part of the Museum at ADPS Headquarters.[83]

International markets

Australia

Right hand drive 1968 Javelin made in Australia

Australian Motor Industries (AMI) assembled right hand drive versions of both the first- and second-generation Javelin models were in Victoria, Australia from CKD kits.[84] The right hand drive dash, interior and soft trim, as well as other components were locally manufactured. The cars were marketed under the historic Rambler name. The AMI Rambler Javelins were the only American "muscle cars" of that era to be sold new in Australia.[85] The Australian Javelins came with top trim and features that included the 343 cu in (5.6 L) 280 bhp (210 kW) V8 engine, three-speed "Shift Command" automatic transmission, and "Twin Grip" limited-slip rear differential.[85] They were more expensive, had more power, and provided more luxury than the contemporary Holden Monaro.[86]

Germany

File:1968-AMC-Javelin-by-Karmann.jpg
AMC Javelin by Karmann 1968 brochure cover

Javelins were built in Europe, primarily because they had the largest and most usable rear seat of the American pony cars. The German coach builder, Wilhelm Karmann GmbH assembled 280 CKD (Completely Knocked Down) Javelins between 1968 and 1970 that were marketed in Europe.[84] This was a significant business relationship because the Javelin was a completely American-designed car that was made in Germany. Karmann’s “Javelin 79-K” could be ordered with the 232 cu in (3.8 L) six, the 290 cu in (4.8 L) 2-barrel or 343 cu in (5.6 L) 4-barrel V8 engines. About 90% of the parts and components came in crates from the United States.[87] At Karmann’s facility in Rheine the cars were assembled, painted, and test-driven prior to shipment to customers.[88]

Mexico

Vehiculos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) assembled Javelins in Mexico under license and partial ownership (40% equity share) by AMC from 1968 trough 1973. The VAM versions were equipped with different, locally made components, trim and interiors than the equivalent AMC-made models.[89] The Mexican built Javelins came in only one version and had more standard equipment compared to U.S. and Canadian models.

  • First Generation: All the 1968 cars included individual reclining seats, sports steering wheel, four-speed manual transmission, tachometer, 200 km/H speedometer, AM monoaural radio, 7.35x14 wide tires, two-speed electric windshield wipers, electric washers, and powered by a 232 cu in (3.8 L) I6 155 hp (116 kW; 157 PS) engine with 9.8:1 compression ratio, and a two-barrel Carter. Options included an interior heating and defroster package and a floor-mounted Borg-Warner three-speed automatic transmission with console. The 1969 model year cars included the interior heater, a firewall-mounted unit replaced the floor-mounted accelerator pedal, passenger's side hand support above the glove box door and simulated woodgrain for the dashboard (but retaining the 1968 instrument layout). VAM also introduced its new 252 cu in (4.1 L) I6 170 hp (127 kW; 172 PS) with flat pistons, a 9.5:1 compression ratio and a Carter WCD 2-barrel. The 1970 VAM Javelins incorporated the exterior and interior design changes with the U.S. and Canadian models. The manual transmission incorporated Hurst mechanism for the first time even though the imported Borg-Warner T10 model was replaced in the midyear with the locally-produced TREMEC 170-F model, to comply with the requirement of 60% of all parts and components made in Mexico. [90]
  • Second generation: The 1971-1973 VAM Javelins followed the design changes with U.S. and Canadian models, with the distinction of an optional round porthole opera windows in the C-pillar and the use of the Mexican only 282 cu in (4.6 L) I6 200 hp (149 kW; 203 PS) with 9.5:1 compression ratio, flat pistons and two-barrel Carter ABD carburator. The cars came with a "4.6" emblem on the fenders to announce their engine displacement in Liters. The 1971 cars came with manual front drum brakes, and starting in 1972 power front disk brakes and power steering appeared as standard equipment. The 1972s also incorporated the optional Chrysler-built "Torque-Command" A998 automatic transmission. A unique aspect of all VAM second-generation Javelins is the presence of the hydrid clock-tachometer from the US Rallye Pak alongside a 240 km/h speed-o-meter (125 MPH). No ammeter or oil pressure gauges were present. [90]

Venezuela

Constructora Venezolana de Vehículos C.A. was a subsidiary of AMC.[91][92] The firm assembled AMC Javelins from 1968 to 1974 in its Caracas, Venezuela facility.

The Venezuelan 1968 Javelin was equipped with the 290 cu in (4.8 L) V8 engine. In 1969, it came with the 343 cu in (5.6 L) with automatic or 4-speed manual transmission. 1970 saw the Javelin with 360 cu in (5.9 L) automatic or 4-speed manual, while the optional 390 cu in (6.4 L) was only available with the 4-speed transmission.[citation needed]

For the 1972-1974 (second-generation) Javelins, the only powertrain available for the Venezuelan market was AMC's 360 cu in (5.9 L) with 4-barrel carburetor coupled to the Chrysler automatic transmission.[93]

These were the fastest production cars in Venezuela, and were also used for drag racing and road racing in local racetracks.[citation needed]

Collectibility

The Javelin is among the "highly prized" models among AMC fans.[94]

The Chicago Sun-Times auto editor Dan Jedlicka wrote that the Javelin, which he describes as "beautifully sculpted" and "one of the best-looking cars of the 1960s", is "finally gaining the respect of collectors, along with higher prices."[95] The first generation Javelin has also been described as a "fun and affordable American classic with a rich racing pedigree and style that will always stand out from the omnipresent packs of Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler pony cars."[13]

The AMC Javelin does not command the high prices of some other muscle cars and pony cars, but offers the same kind of style and spirit for collectors.[96] However, in its day the car sold in respectable numbers, regularly outselling both the Plymouth Barracuda and Dodge Challenger that are popular with collectors today.

The Antique Automobile Club of America (AACA) divides the "muscle" AMC Javelins into two categories: Class 36-e for 1968-69 Javelin base and SST models equipped from the factory with 343 cu in (5.6 L) 4-barrel or larger V8 engines; and Class 36-j for 1970-74 Javelin, SST, and AMX models equipped from the factory with 360 cu in (5.9 L) 4-barrel or larger V8 engines.[1] Javelins built with smaller engines compete in the regular AMC classes according to their respective decade of production.

According to estimates from the 2006 Collector Car Price Guide some of the desirable extras include the V8 engines, particularly the 390 and 401 versions, as well as the "Go" package, and special models including the "Big Bad" color versions.[20] The 1971 through 1974 AMX versions also command higher prices, according to several collector price guides. The 1973 Trans Am Victory edition also adds a premium in several classic car appraisal listings, but the distinguishing decal was readily available and it has been added to many Javelins over the years.[67][71]

The book Keith Martin's Guide to Car Collecting describes the cars as providing "style, power, nostalgia, and fun by venturing off the beaten path ... these overlooked cars offer great value" and includes the 1971-1974 Javelins as one of "nine muscle car sleepers."[97]

Some owners use the second-generation Javelins to build custom cars.

There are many active AMC automobile clubs, including for owners interested in racing in vintage events. The Javelin shared numerous mechanical, body, and trim parts with other AMC models, and there are vendors specializing in new old stock (NOS) as well as reproduction components.

Collector and custom Javelins
Shows front view of a neon green 1969 "Mod" Javelin customized with a grille from an AMX
1969 "Mod" Javelin with AMX grille
Shows a blue 1970 Javelin
1970 Javelin in England
shows a factory original 1973 Javelin AMX finished in black with a 401 "Go Pac"
1973 Javelin AMX with 401 V8
Custom supercharged AMC V8

Notes

  1. ^ a b Official Judging Guidelines (PDF). Antique Automobile Club of America. 2010. pp. 31, 36, and 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  2. ^ a b Newhardt, David; Harholdt, Peter; Yates, Brock (2009). Art of the Muscle Car. MBI Publishing. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-7603-3591-8. Retrieved 8 August 2011. Alabama State Police officials felt that if they couldn't beat 'em under the rules, then they would change the rules.
  3. ^ Mueller, Mike (1997). Motor City Muscle: The High-Powered History of the American Muscle Car. MBI Publishing. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-7603-0196-8. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  4. ^ Mueller, page 99.
  5. ^ a b Langworth, Richard M. (1991). "AMC Javelin". In Consumer Guide (ed.). Collectible Cars. Crescent Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-517-03594-8.
  6. ^ Lyons, Dan (2006). Cars of the Sensational '60s. Krause Publications. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-89689-388-7.
  7. ^ Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (26 November 2007). "1968-1969 AMC Javelin Specifications". howstuffworks com. Retrieved 12 August 2010. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  8. ^ Ingraham, Joseph C. (23 August 1967). "American Shows Off New Sports Car". The New York Times. p. 51. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
  9. ^ "USA Car Spotters Guide -1968". Unique Cars & Parts. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
  10. ^ a b c 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  11. ^ Hartford, Bill (1968). "Photo finish for style and handling: owners balk at tricky windows". Popular Mechanics. 129 (6): 113. Retrieved 31 January 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ^ Kilpatrick, Bill (1967). "1968: The Year of the Big IF". Popular Mechanics. 128 (4): 97. Retrieved 10 June 2012. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ^ a b Blackwell, Rusty (2009). "Collectible Classic: 1968-70 AMC Javelin". Automobile. Retrieved 10 June 2012. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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  51. ^ US News and World Report. 68: 33. 1970. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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  53. ^ "1973 Javelin". Cars & Parts. 43: 33. 2000.
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  56. ^ Boone, Louis E.; Kurtz, David L. (1976). Contemporary Business. Dryden Press. pp. 223–224. ISBN 978-0-03-013651-1.
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  89. ^ Wilson, Bob. "Arcticboy's VAM page 2, 1972 Javelin brochure". Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  90. ^ a b AMCrazy (14 January 2009). "VAM Mexican Javelin History and Trivia". The AMC Forum. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  91. ^ Directory of American firms operating in foreign countries. Simon & Schuster. 1969. p. 932.
  92. ^ Who owns whom: North America. Dun & Bradstreet. 1982. p. 12. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  93. ^ "1973 Rambler Javelin (VE)" (in Spanish). dkarros.com. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
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  95. ^ Jedlicka, Dan (28 May 2007). "AMC on target with the Javelin". Chicago Sun-Times. p. A2.
  96. ^ Langworth, Richard M. (2000). Complete book of collectible cars: 70 years of Blue Chip auto investments 1930-2000. Publications International. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0-7853-4313-4.
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References

  • Conde, John A. (1987). The American Motors Family Album. American Motors Corporation. OCLC 3185581.
  • Foster, Patrick (2004). AMC Cars: 1954-1987, An Illustrated History. Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-1-58388-112-5.
  • Foster, Patrick (1993). The Last Independent. Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-0-87341-240-7.
  • Gunnell, John, ed. (1987). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946-1975. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87341-096-0.
  • Hadsall, Guy (1999). Foster, Patrick R. (ed.). Mister Javelin: Guy Hadsall Jr. at American Motors. SHS Press. ISBN 978-0-9668943-0-1.
  • Mitchell, Larry (1994). AMC Buyers Guide. Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-0-87938-891-1.

External links

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