List of proposed state mergers

This is a list of proposed state mergers, including both current and historical proposals. The entities listed below differ from separatist movements in that they would form as a merger or union of two or more existing states, territories, colonies, or other regions, becoming either a federation, confederation, or other type of unified sovereign state.

Current

Proposed state	Components	Notes
China	People's Republic of China Republic of China	Chinese reunification is the goal of both governments. Supported by Chinese nationalists.
Cyprus	Republic of Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Supported by many Cypriots and the United Nations.
East African Federation	Burundi Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda	Proposed political union between the five member states of the East African Community.
Iberian Republic	Spain Portugal Gibraltar (Part of the United Kingdom)
Italian Third Republic	Italy San Marino East Tyrol South Switzerland
Korea	North Korea South Korea	Korean reunification has been a goal for both Koreas since the 1953 armistice agreement.
Federal Republic of Macedonia	Republic of Macedonia Pirin Macedonia South Macedonia	Proposed political union Between the FYRO Macedonia, Bulgarian Macedonia and South Macedonia.
United Kingdom of Scandinavia and Iceland	Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden	Proposed political union between the five member states of the Nordic Council.
Romania	Romania Moldova	A movement for the unification of Romania and Moldova began after Moldovan independence in 1991.
United Kingdom of Great Britain, Northern Ireland and Isle of Man	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Isle of Man	The Goal of Better Together campaign and the United Kingdom unifying with [[Isle of Man].

Historic

20th Century

Proposed state	Components	Time period	Successful?	Notes
Greek-Serbian Federation	Greece Republic of Macedonia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	1992-2001	No	A serious project proposed by Slobodan Milošević in 1992.
Germany	East Germany West Germany	1990	Yes	German reunification
Yemen	North Yemen South Yemen	1990	Yes
Senegambia Confederation	The Gambia Senegal	Between 1 January 1982 and 30 September 1989	Yes (1 January 1982 - 30 September 1989)	Loose confederation was formed, but ended due to Gambia's lack of interest in integration.
Federation of Arab Republics	Libya United Arab Republic Also invited: Iraq Sudan	1972-1977	No	An attempt to build a Pan-Arab state.
Vietnam	North Vietnam South Vietnam	1976	Yes
Arab Islamic Republic	Libya Tunisia	1974	No	Proposed by Muammar Gaddafi.
Tanzania	Tanganyika Zanzibar	1964	Yes
Malaysia	Malaya North Borneo Sarawak Singapore	1963	Yes	Singapore left the federation on 9 August 1965.
North Borneo Federation	Sarawak North Borneo Protectorate of Brunei	1956-1960	No
Arab Federation	Kingdom of Iraq Jordan	1958	Yes (14 February 1958 - 2 August 1958)	An attempt to unify the two Hashemite kingdoms of Iraq and Jordan. While successful, the short-lived union was disestablished after a military coup deposed King Faisal II of Iraq.
Union of African States	Ghana Guinea Mali	1958	Yes (23 November 1958 - 1962)	The Union fell apart in 1962, when Guinea started to reach out to the United States, against the Marxist leaning of the other partners, who were more oriented towards the Cold War adversary of the U.S., the Soviet Union.
United Arab Republic	Egypt Syria	1958	Yes (22 February 1958 - 28 September 1961)	A short-lived Pan-Arab state.
West Indies Federation	British Barbados British Jamaica British Leeward Islands British Trinidad and Tobago British Windward Islands	1958	Yes (1958-1962)	The expressed intention of the Federation was to create a political unit that would become independent from Britain as a single state, however, before that could happen, the Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts.
United Arab States	United Arab Republic North Yemen	1958	Yes (8 March 1958 - 26 December 1961)	Loose confederation between United Arab Republic and North Yemen.
Franco-British Union	France United Kingdom	1956	No	Proposed by French Prime Minister Guy Mollet during the Suez Crisis.
Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland	Nyasaland Northern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia	1953	Yes (1953-1963)	A semi-independent state.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia People's Socialist Republic of Albania People's Republic of Bulgaria	1946-1948	No	Josip Broz Tito came extremely close to getting Albania into accepting integration into Yugoslavia, but relations cooled in 1948 over fears that Yugoslavia only intended to use Albania for raw materials, subsequently resulting in the expulsion of Yugoslav diplomats. Yugoslav/Bulgarian negotiations fell through when Moscow attempted to force both countries into accepting Soviet control over the merge, which caused Yugoslavia to withdraw from negotiations and precipitated the Tito–Stalin split.
Polish-Czechoslovak confederation	Czechoslovakia Poland	1939–1948	No	A serious project proposed by Władysław Sikorski.
Greek-Yugoslav confederation	Strictest definition: Greece Kingdom of Yugoslavia Loosest definition also includes: Albania Bulgaria Romania	1942-1944	No
Nazi Germany	Nazi Germany First Austrian Republic	1938	Yes (1938-1945)	Academic disagreement whether union was forced. See Anschluss.
Soviet Union	Byelorussian SSR Russian SFSR Transcaucasian SFSR Ukrainian SSR	1922	Yes (1922 - 1991)	Treaty on the Creation of the USSR
Ukrainian People's Republic	Ukrainian People's Republic West Ukrainian People's Republic	1919	Yes (1919)	Act Zluky
Weimar Republic	Weimar Republic Republic of German-Austria	1918-1919	No	Following the disintegration of Austria-Hungary in the final days of World War I, the German-speaking territories of the Empire attempted to begin a process of integration into Weimar Germany. The Allies did not favor the idea, and forced the Austrian rump state to sign the Treaty of Saint Germain, which prohibited Austria from uniting with Germany.
Międzymorze	Belarus Czechoslovakia Estonia Finland Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Romania Ukraine Kingdom of Yugoslavia	November or December 1918	No	Also called "Intermarum". Suggested shortly after World War I to combat the influences of Germany and Russia.
United Baltic Duchy	Estonia Latvia	1918	No	Attempt to form German protectorate state in a Personal Union with Kaiser Wilhelm II, mostly lead by Baltic German nobility and was only recognized by the German Empire. After Germany's defeat in World War I, Latvia declared its independence. Germany Army General Rüdiger von der Goltz was unsuccessful at attempting to keep the region under German control.
Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Kingdom of Montenegro Kingdom of Serbia State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs	1918	Yes (1918 - 1992)	Creation of Yugoslavia
Balkan Federation	Albania Bulgaria Kingdom of Yugoslavia	1910	No

19th Century

Proposed state	Components	Time period	Successful?	Notes
German Empire	North German Confederation Kingdom of Bavaria Kingdom of Württemberg Grand Duchy of Baden Grand Duchy of Hesse Alsace-Lorraine (Part of French Third Republic)	1871	Yes (1871–1918)	Unification of Germany after German victory over the French in the Franco-Prussian War
Antillean Confederation	Cuba Puerto Rico Dominican Republic	1869 or 1870	No	Proposed by Ramón Emeterio Betances.
Kingdom of Italy	Kingdom of Sardinia Papal States Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Parma Duchy of Modena and Reggio Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Part of Austrian Empire)	1848–1870	Yes	Although the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861, the Italian Unification is generally considered to have been incomplete until after the integration of Venetia in 1866 and the capture of Rome in 1870. See Italian Unification and Expedition of the Thousand.
Kingdom of Greece	Kingdom of Greece United States of the Ionian Islands	1864	Yes	Treaty of London (1864)
United Principalities	Wallachia Moldavia	1862	Yes	Becomes Kingdom of Romania in 1881
United States	United States Republic of Texas	1845	Yes	See Texas annexation
Peru–Bolivian Confederation	Bolivia Peru	1829–1839	Yes (1836–1839)
Gran Colombia	Viceroyalty of New Granada Venezuela Free Province of Guayaquil	1819-1830	Yes (1819–1830)
Scandinavia	Denmark Norway Sweden	Mid-19th Century.	No
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Ireland	1800	Yes (1801-1922)

18th Century

Proposed state	Components	Time period	Successful?	Notes
Kingdom of Great Britain	Kingdom of England Kingdom of Scotland	1707	Yes

17th Century

Proposed state	Components	Time period	Successful?	Notes
Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Cossack Hetmanate	1658-1659	No	Treaty of Hadiach

16th Century

Proposed state	Components	Time period	Successful?	Notes
Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia	1574-1658	No
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569) Grand Duchy of Lithuania	1569	Yes (1569-1795)	See Union of Lublin

References