Jump to content

Howard Zinn

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 68.46.22.195 (talk) at 03:47, 25 June 2006. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

File:Zinn.jpg
Howard Zinn

Howard Zinn (born August 24, 1922) is an American historian and political scientist. His philosophy incorporates ideas from Marxism, anarchism, socialism, and social democracy. Since the 1960s, he has been an important figure in the Civil Rights and anti-war movements in the United States. [1] He is the author of 20 books, including the very popular A People's History of the United States.

Biography

Howard Zinn was born to a Jewish immigrant family in Brooklyn. His father, Eddie Zinn, born in Austria-Hungary, emigrated to the United States with his brother Phil before the outbreak of World War I. Howard's mother Jenny Zinn emigrated from the Eastern Siberian city of Irkutsk. Both parents were factory workers when they met and married, and there were no books or magazines in the series of apartments where their children were raised. Zinn's parents introduced him to literature by sending twenty-five cents plus a coupon to the New York Post for each of the 20 volumes of Charles Dickens' collected works. [2]

File:Hzphotoneutral-3.jpg
Howard Zinn in Wellfleet on Cape Cod.

As a young adult, Howard Zinn worked as a shipyard worker and labor organizer in the Brooklyn shipyards. Later, he flew bombing missions in Europe during World War II, an experience that shaped his opposition to war. Zinn flew a B-17 with the 490th Bomb Group. In April, 1945 he participated in the bombing of Royan, France, the first time napalm was used in warfare. According to Zinn, the bombing took the lives of French civilians and also German soldiers who were doing little more than waiting out the closing days of the war. Nine years later, Zinn visited Royan to examine documents and interview residents. In his books, The Politics of History and The Zinn Reader, he concluded that the bombing was ordered by decision-makers for career advancement rather than for any legitimate military objective.

Zinn later said his experience as a bombardier, combined with his research into the reasons for and effects of the bombing of Royan, sensitized him to the ethical dilemmas faced by G.I.'s during wartime. [3]

Zinn questions the justifications for military operations inflicting civilian casualties in the Allied bombing of cities such as Dresden, Royan, Tokyo, and Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II, Hanoi during the U.S. war in Vietnam, and Baghdad during the U.S. war in Iraq. In his pamphlet "Hiroshima: Breaking the Silence", Zinn laid out his case against targeting civilians. [4]. Instead of bombing civilians, he contends that the Axis powers could have been opposed during World War II through popularly organized acts of nonviolent resistance.

After World War II, Zinn attended New York University on the GI Bill, graduating with a B.A. in 1951 and Columbia University, where he earned an M.A. (1952) and Ph.D. in history with a minor in political science (1958). His doctoral dissertation LaGuardia in Congress was a study of Fiorello LaGuardia's congressional career. It depicts LaGuardia representing "the conscience of the twenties" as he fought for public power, the right to strike, and the redistribution of wealth by taxation. "His specific legislative program," Zinn wrote, "was an astonishingly accurate preview of the New Deal." It was published by the Cornell University Press for the American Historical Association.

In the decades that followed, Zinn supported the G.I. antiwar movement during the U.S. war in Vietnam, and in the 2001 film Unfinished Symphony, Zinn provides the historical context for the march, in 1971, by Vietnam Veterans against the War from Lexington, Massachusetts, to Bunker Hill, "which retraced Paul Revere's ride of 1775 and ended in a massive arrest of 410 veterans and civilians by the Lexington police." The film depicts "scenes from the 1971 'Winter Soldier' investigations, during which former G.I.s testified about atrocities" they either participated in or witnessed in Vietnam. [5]

In 1956, Zinn was appointed chairman of the department of history and social sciences at Spelman College (now Atlanta University Center, Spelman College), then a college for black women in Atlanta, where he participated in the Civil Rights movement. Zinn served as an adviser to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

Zinn collaborated with historian Staughton Lynd at Spelman and mentored young student activists including Alice Walker and Marian Wright Edelman. A tenured professor, Zinn was fired in June 1963 after siding with students in their desire to challenge Spelman's traditional emphasis of turning out "young ladies" when, as Zinn described in an article in The Nation, Spelman students were likely to be found on the picket line, or in jail for participating in the greater effort to break down segregation in public places in Atlanta. {Chapter 2, autobiography] An account of Zinn's years at Spelman is in You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times. His seven years at Spelman College, Zinn said, "are probably the most interesting, exciting, most educational years for me. I learned more from my students than my students learned from me." [6]

As a 39-year-old professor, Zinn said he observed 30 violations of the First and Fourteenth amendment rights to the United States Constitution in Albany, Georgia, including freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and equal protection of the laws. In an article on the Civil Rights movement in Albany, Zinn describes the people who participated in the Freedom Rides to end segregation, and of the reluctance of President John F. Kennedy to enforce the law.[7]

Zinn wrote frequently about the struggle for Civil Rights, both as a participant and historian. [8] and in 1960–61, he took a year off from teaching to write SNCC: The New Abolitionists and The Southern Mystique. [9] In his book on SNCC, Zinn describes how the sit-ins against segregation were initiated by students and, in that sense, independent of the older, more established civil rights organizations.

In 1964, he joined the faculty at Boston University where he taught history and civil liberties until 1988. He was a leading critic of the Vietnam War. Zinn's diplomatic visit to Hanoi with Rev. Daniel Berrigan during the Tet Offensive in January 1968 resulted in the return of three American airmen, the first American POWs released by the North Vietnamese since the U.S. bombing of that nation had begun. The event was widely reported in the news media and discussed in a variety of books including Who Spoke Up? American Protest Against the War in Vietnam 1963-1975 by Nancy Zaroulis and Gerald Sullivan [(Horizon Book Promotions: 1989) ISBN 0385175477]. Zinn remained friends and allies with the brothers Dan and Philip over the years.

Daniel Ellsberg, a former RAND consultant who had secretly copied The Pentagon Papers, which described internal planning and policy decisions of the United States in the Vietnam War, gave a copy of them to Howard and Roslyn Zinn. [Ellsberg autobiography, Zinn autobiography] Along with Noam Chomsky, Zinn edited and annotated the copy of The Pentagon Papers that Ellsberg entrusted to him. Zinn's longtime publisher, Beacon Press, published what has come to be known as the Senator Gravel edition of The Pentagon Papers, four volumes plus a fifth volume with analysis by Chomsky and Zinn.

At Ellsberg's criminal trial for theft, conspiracy, and espionage in connection with the publication of the Pentagon Papers by The New York Times, defense attorneys called Zinn as an expert witness to explain to the jury the history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam from World War II to 1963. Zinn discussed that history for several hours and later reflected on his time before the jury. "I explained there was nothing in the papers of military significance that could be used to harm the defense of the United States, that the information in them was simply embarrassing to our government because what was revealed, in the government's own interoffice memos, was how it had lied to the American public. The secrets disclosed in the Pentagon Papers might embarrass politicians, might hurt the profits of corporations wanting tin, rubber, oil, in far-off places. But this was not the same as hurting the nation, the people," Zinn wrote in his autobiography. Most of the jurors later said they voted for acquittal. [p. 161] However, the federal judge dismissed the case on grounds it had been tainted by the Nixon administration's 'plumber' operation, a burglary at the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist.

Zinn's testimony as to the motivation for government secrecy was confirmed in 1989 by Erwin Griswold, who as U.S. solicitor general during the administration of Richard M. Nixon prosecuted The New York Times in the Pentagon Papers case in 1971.["The lie behind the secrets" by Tom Blanton, May 21, 2006, Los Angeles Times] Griswold persuaded three Supreme Court justices to vote to stop The New York Times from continuing to publish the Pentagon Papers, an order known as "prior restraint." In 1989, Griswold admitted there was no actual national security damage from publication of the papers.[10] In a column in the Washington Post, Griswold wrote: "It quickly becomes apparent to any person who has considerable experience with classified material that there is massive overclassification and that the principal concern of the classifiers is not with national security, but with governmental embarrassment of one sort or another."

Zinn asserts that the U.S. will end its war with and occupation of Iraq when resistance within the military increases, in the same way resistance within the military contributed to ending the U.S. war in Vietnam. He compares the demand by a growing number of contemporary U.S. military families to end the war in Iraq to the parallel "in the Confederacy in the Civil War, when the wives of soldiers rioted because their husbands were dying and the plantation owners were profiting from the sale of cotton, refusing to grow grains for civilians to eat." [11]

File:Roslyn Zinn-artist-editor.png
Roslyn Zinn, artist, and co-editor with Cynthia Merman of People's History of the United States.
File:Howard Zinn-historian.png
Howard Zinn, teacher, editor of People's History Series; photo by Robert Birnbaum

Howard Zinn is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Boston University. He has received the Thomas Merton Award and the Eugene V. Debs Award. In 1998, he won the Lannan Literary Award for nonfiction and the following year won the Upton Sinclair Award, which honors social activism. He lives in the Auburndale neighborhood of Newton, Massachusetts with his wife Roslyn in the United States. The couple have two children, Myla and Jeff, and five grandchildren. Roslyn is an artist and editor who has a role in editing all of Howard's books.

Zinn's autobiography is You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train. A biographical documentary film of the same name was produced in 2004 and shown in select theaters. It is available[12]on DVD. The film, by Deb Ellis and Denis Mueller[13]is narrated by Matt Damon; the music was composed by Richard Martinez featuring music by Billy Bragg, Woodie Guthrie, and Pearl Jam. The film includes footage of Howard and Roslyn Zinn, Noam Chomsky, Marian Wright Edelman, Daniel Ellsberg, Tom Hayden and Alice Walker. The 78-minute film on DVD includes these special features: On Human Nature and Aggression; his speech at Veterans for Peace Conference, 2004; and audio of his 1971 speech at the Boston Common on Civil Disobedience. In the film, Noam Chomsky says Zinn "changed the consciousness of a generation."

A People's History

A People's History of the United States seeks to present U.S. history through the eyes of ordinary people, depicting the struggles of Native Americans against European and U.S. conquest and expansion, slaves against slavery, unionists and other workers against capitalists, women against patriarchy, African-Americans against racism and for civil rights, and others, as Zinn suggests, whose stories are not often told in mainstream histories.

In the years since the first edition of "A People's History" was published in 1980, it has been assigned reading both as a high school and college textbook, and is one of the most widely known examples of critical pedagogy. In the spring of 2003, to commemorate the sale of the millionth copy of A People's History, a dramatic reading from the book was held at the 92nd Street Y in New York City. The reading featured Danny Glover, Andre Gregory, James Earl Jones, Myla Pitt, Marisa Tomei, Kurt Vonnegut, Alice Walker, Alfre Woodard, Harris Yulin, Jeff Zinn, producing artistic director of the Wellfleet Harbor Actors Theater [14], and Howard Zinn as narrator. The event was aired on Democracy Now!, hosted by Amy Goodman, and is still available online. [15] The program was also released as a book and CD under the title, The People Speak: American Voices, Some Famous, Some Little Known .

In 2004 Zinn published Voices of A People's History of the United States with Anthony Arnove. Voices expands on the concept and provides a large collection of dissident voices in long form. The book is intended as a companion to A People's History and parallels its structure.

Zinn was a consultant to the six-part documentary A People's History of the United States [16], a television series produced by Alvin H. Perlmutter. According to the documentary's website, the series is expected to be broadcast in early 2007.

When Matt Damon, his mother, and brother moved next door to the Zinns in West Newton, Massachusetts, the families became friends, and the Zinns sometimes sat with the Damon boys. [citation needed] After Damon became an actor, he included a reference to A People's History in his film Good Will Hunting, and read the latter half of People's History for an audiobook released February 1, 2003 (ISBN 0060530065). People's History was also referenced in a Columbus Day episode of the TV show The Sopranos.

In October 2005, Chicago's indie punk label Thick Records released a CD by Springfield-based indie rock band, Resident Genius, which featured excerpts from several Zinn talks, tying them into the band's songs. The CD is titled You Can't Blow Up A Social Relationship." The six Zinn excerpts are "a greatest hits of his speeches recorded over the last 15 years by Roger Leisner of Radio Free Maine. They touch on his 'usual' topics of engaged activism, history from below, war, the media and much more."[17]

Playwright

Zinn has written three plays, including Daughter of Venus (1985), his first play.

Zinn's second play, Emma, is based on the life of the early 20th Century anarchist Emma Goldman. In the words of the publisher, South End Press: "With his wit and unique ability to illuminate history from below, historian and playwright Howard Zinn dramatizes the life of Emma Goldman, the anarchist, feminist, and free-spirited thinker who was exiled from the United States because of her outspoken views, including her opposition to World War I.

"As Zinn writes in his Introduction, Emma Goldman 'seemed to be tireless as she traveled the country, lecturing to large audiences everywhere, on birth control (‘A woman should decide for herself’), on the falsity of marriage as an institution (‘Marriage has nothing to do with love’), on patriotism (‘the last refuge of a scoundrel’) on free love (‘What is love if not free?’), and also on drama, including Shaw, Ibsen, and Strindberg.

"This book will be of immense interest to feminists, anarchists, American historians, and people interested in the long history of resistance and protest in the United States." [18]

His most recent is Marx in Soho, a play on history that has been continuously performed [19]to encouraging reviews[20] [21]in small theaters throughout the United States, with Brian Jones in the title role starting in 1999 through 2005. In February 2005, Bob Weick took on the title role in a traveling tour. Details of the traveling tour are at Iron Age Theatre.

Quotations

"Only after the war did I begin to question the purity of the moral crusade. Dropping bombs from five miles high, I had seen no human beings, heard no screams, seen no children dismembered. But now I had to think about Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the firebombings of Tokyo and Dresden, the deaths of 600,000 civilians in Japan, and a similar number in Germany. I came to a conclusion about the psychology of myself and other warriors: Once we decided, at the start, that our side was the good side and the other side was evil, once we had made that simple and simplistic calculation, we did not have to think anymore. Then we could commit unspeakable crimes and it was all right.

"I began to think about the motives of the Western powers and Stalinist Russia and wondered if they cared as much about fascism as about retaining their own empires, their own power, and if that was why they had military priorities higher than bombing the rail lines leading to Auschwitz. Six million Jews were killed in the death camps (allowed to be killed?). Only 60,000 were saved by the war—1 percent.

"A gunner on another crew, a reader of history with whom I had become friends, said to me one day: “You know this is an imperialist war. The fascists are evil. But our side is not much better.” I could not accept his statement at the time, but it stuck with me." [22]

"I would argue that dissent is the highest form of patriotism." - during an interview for TomPaine.com [23], widely misattributed to Thomas Jefferson.[24]

He offered the following alternative to bombing Kosovo and stressed its effectiveness: "I think of South Africa, where a decision to engage in out-and-out armed struggle would have led to a bloody civil war with huge casualties, most of them black. Instead, the African National Congress decided to put up with apartheid longer, but wage a long-term campaign of attrition, with strikes, sabotage, economic sanctions, and international pressure. It worked." [25]

Books Written or Edited by Howard Zinn

Books

  • Artists in Times of War (2003) ISBN 1583226028
  • The Cold War & the University: Toward an Intellectual History of the Postwar Years (Noam Chomsky (Editor) Authors: Ira Katznelson, R. C. Lewontin, David Montgomery, Laura Nader, Richard Ohmann, Ray Siever, Immanuel Wallerstein, Howard Zinn (1997) ISBN 1565840054
  • Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology (1991) ISBN 0060921080 [26]
  • Disobedience and Democracy: Nine Fallacies on Law and Order (1968, re-issued 2002) ISBN 0896086755
  • Emma: A Play in Two Acts About Emma Goldman, American Anarchist (2002) ISBN 089608664X
  • Failure to Quit: Reflections of an Optimistic Historian (1993) ISBN 0896086763
  • The Future of History: Interviews With David Barsamian (1999) ISBN 1567511570
  • Hiroshima: Breaking the Silence (1995) ISBN 1884519148
  • Howard Zinn On Democratic Education Donaldo Macedo, Editor (2004) ISBN 1594510547
  • Howard Zinn on History (2000) ISBN 1583220488
  • Howard Zinn on War (2000) ISBN 1583220496
  • Justice in Everyday Life: The Way It Really Works (Editor) (1974) ISBN 0896086771
  • Justice? Eyewitness Accounts (1977) ISBN 0807044792
  • La Otra Historia De Los Estados Unidos (2000) ISBN 1583220542
  • Laguardia in Congress (1959) ISBN 0837164346, ISBN 0393004880
  • Marx in Soho: A Play on History (1999) ISBN 0896085937
  • New Deal Thought (editor) (1965) ISBN 0872206858
  • Passionate Declarations: Essays on War and Justice (2003) ISBN 0060557672
  • The Pentagon Papers Senator Gravel Edition. Vol. Five. Critical Essays. Boston. Beacon Press, 1972. 341p. plus 72p. of Index to Vol. I-IV of the Papers, Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, editors
  • Playbook by Maxine Klein, Lydia Sargent and Howard Zinn (1986) ISBN 0896083098
  • A People's History of the Civil War: Struggles for the Meaning of Freedom by David Williams, Howard Zinn (Series Editor) (2005) ISBN 1595580182
  • A People's History of the United States: 1492–Present (1980), revised (1995) ISBN 0060528370
  • A People's History of the United States: Teaching Edition Abridged (2003 updated) ISBN 1565848268
  • A People's History of the United States: The Civil War to the Present Kathy Emery Ellen Reeves Howard Zinn (2003 teaching edition) ISBN 1565847253
  • A People's History of the United States: The Wall Charts by Howard Zinn and George Kirschner (1995) ISBN 1565841719
  • The People Speak: American Voices, Some Famous, Some Little Known (2004) ISBN 0060578262
  • The Politics of History (1970) (2nd edition 1990) ISBN 0252061225
  • Postwar America: 1945–1971 (1973) ISBN 089608678X
  • The Power of Nonviolence: Writings by Advocates of Peace Editor (2002) ISBN 0807014079
  • SNCC: The New Abolitionists (1964) ISBN 0896086798
  • The Southern Mystique (1962) ISBN 0896086801
  • Terrorism and War (2002) ISBN 1583224939 (interviews, Anthony Arnove (Ed.))
  • The Twentieth Century: A People's History (2003) ISBN 0060530340
  • Three Strikes: Miners, Musicians, Salesgirls, and the Fighting Spirit of Labor's Last Century (Dana Frank, Robin Kelley, and Howard Zinn) (2002) ISBN 080705013X
  • Vietnam: The Logic of Withdrawal (1967) ISBN 089608681X
  • Voices of a People’s History of the United States (with Anthony Arnove, 2004) ISBN 1583226478
  • You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times (1994) ISBN 0807071277
  • The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy (1997) ISBN 1888363541

Forewords and introductions by Howard Zinn

  • A Gigantic Mistake by Mickey Z, (2004) ISBN 1930997973
  • A People's History of the Supreme Court by Peter H. Irons (2000) ISBN 0140292012
  • A Political Dynasty In North Idaho, 1933-1967 by Randall Doyle (2004) ISBN 0761828435
  • American Political Prisoners: Prosecutions Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts by Stephen M. Kohn (1994) ISBN 0275944158
  • American Power and the New Mandarins by Noam Chomsky (2002) ISBN 156584775X
  • Broken Promises Of America: At Home And Abroad, Past And Present: An Encyclopedia For Our Times by (Douglas F. Dowd, (2004) ISBN 1567513131
  • Deserter From Death: Dispatches From Western Europe 1950-2000 by Daniel Singer (2005) ISBN 1560256427
  • Ecocide of Native America: Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples by Donald Grinde, Bruce Johansen (1994) ISBN 0940666529
  • Eugene V. Debs Reader: Socialism and the Class Struggle by William A. Pelz (2000) ISBN 0970466900
  • From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985–1995 by Ward Churchill (1996) ISBN 0896085538
  • Green Parrots: A War Surgeon's Diary by Gino Strada, (2005) ISBN 8881584204
  • Hijacking Catastrophe: 9/11, Fear And The Selling Of American Empire by Sut Jhally editor, Jeremy Earp editor, (2004) ISBN 1566565812
  • If You're Not a Terrorist…Then Stop Asking Questions! by Micah Ian Wright, (2004) ISBN 1583226265
  • Iraq: The Logic of Withdrawal by Anthony Arnove, (2006) ISBN 9781595580795
  • Life of an Anarchist: The Alexander Berkman Reader by Alexander Berkman Gene Fellner, editor, (2004) ISBN 1583226621
  • Masters of War: Latin America and United States Aggression from the Cuban Revolution Through the Clinton Years by Clara Nieto, Chris Brandt (trans) (2003) ISBN 1583225455
  • Peace Signs: The Anti-War Movement Illustrated by James Mann, editor (2004) ISBN 3283004870
  • Silencing Political Dissent: How Post-9-11 Anti-terrorism Measures Threaten Our Civil Liberties by Nancy Chang, Center for Constitutional Rights (2002) ISBN 1583224947
  • Soldiers In Revolt: GI Resistance During The Vietnam War by David Cortright, (2005) ISBN 1931859272
  • Sold to the Highest Bidder: The Presidency from Dwight D. Eisenhower to George W. Bush by Daniel M. Friedenberg (2002) ISBN 1573929239
  • The Autobiography of Abbie Hoffman Intro by Norman Mailer, Afterword by HZ (2000) ISBN 1568581971
  • The Case for Socialism by Alan Maass, (2004) ISBN 1931859094
  • The Forging of the American Empire: From the Revolution to Vietnam, a History of U.S. Imperialism by Sidney Lens (2003) ISBN 0745321011
  • The Higher Law: Thoreau on Civil Disobedience and Reform by Henry David Thoreau Wendell Glick, editor, (2004) ISBN 0691118760
  • The Iron Heel by Jack London, (1971) ISBN 55305969095
  • The Sixties Experience: Hard Lessons about Modern America by Edward P. Morgan, (1992) ISBN 1566390141
  • You Back the Attack, We'll Bomb Who We Want by Micah Ian Wright, (2003) ISBN 1583225846

Compact discs

  • A People's History of the United States (1999)
  • Artists in the Time of War (2002)
  • Heroes & Martyrs: Emma Goldman, Sacco & Vanzetti, and the Revolutionary Struggle (2000)
  • Stories Hollywood Never Tells (2000)
  • You Can't Blow Up A Social Relationship - split CD featuring Zinn talks and noted indie rock band Resident Genius (Thick Records) (2005)

Online interviews and video

  • Amy Goodman: Conversations with Howard Zinn on Democracy Now! (1997–2005), based on a compilation at HowardZinn.org
    • "A special hour-long conversation: To Be Neutral, To Be Passive In A Situation Is To Collaborate With Whatever Is Going On" (April 27, 2005)[28]
    • "Bush Represents Everything That Martin Luther King Opposed" (January 20, 2005)[29]
    • "Reaction to John Kerry's Concession and the Reelection of George W Bush" (November 3, 2004)[30]
    • "Nader vs. Anybody But Bush: A Debate on Ralph Nader's Candidacy" (October 26, 2004)[31]
    • "Candidates Not Addressing Fundamental Issues of American Policy" in the World"(October 14, 2004)[32]
    • "Revolutionary Non-Violence: Remembering Dave Dellinger, 1915-2004" (May 27, 2004)[33]
    • "Labor Day Special: Howard Zinn on Occupied Iraq, the Role of Resistance Movements, Government Lies and the Media" (September 1, 2003)[34]
    • "Independence Day Special: A Dramatic Reading of 'A People's History of the United States' with James Earl Jones, Alfre Woodard, Kurt Vonnegut, Danny Glover, Harris Yulin and others"(July 4, 2003) [35]
    • "Howard Zinn and Arundhati Roy: A Conversation Between Two Leading Social Critics" (May 28, 2003)[36]
    • "Howard Zinn Talks About Bombs, Terrorism, the Anti-War Movement and the Bush Administration's Impending War On Iraq" (February 25, 2003) [37]
    • "People's History of the United States, 1,000,000 Copies and Counting: Alice Walker, Danny Glover, Kurt Vonnegut, Marisa Tomei and Others Celebrate Howard Zinn's Classic" (February 25, 2003)[38]
    • "Renowned Historian Howard Zinn On the History of Government and Media Lies in Time of War" (February 13, 2003)[39]
    • "President Bush Takes the Nation to the Brink of War and Defends American Empire in His State of the Union Address; Simultaneously, He Tries to Prove He Cares About the Economy" (January 29, 2003)[40]
    • "Over 600 Gather for the Funeral of Legendary Anti-War Activist Philip Berrigan in Baltimore: We Hear From Historian Howard Zinn and Brendan Walsh, Who Co-Founded Viva House, a Catholic Worker House in Baltimore"(December 10, 2003)[41]
    • "Howard Zinn On the History of the US Government and CIA 'Changing Regimes' Around the World" (November 28, 2003)[42]
    • "Saying No to War: From Boston to Washington, D.C. to Madison, Wisconsin, We Hear From Howard Zinn, Medea Benjamin and Others" (October 29, 2003)[43]
    • "Congress Holds Joint Session in New York for First Time in 200 Years" (September 6, 2003)[44]
    • "The People's Historian" (June 21, 2002)[45]
    • "Reflections On 9/11 and Beyond" (March 11, 2002)[46]
    • "Where Are We Heading: Terrorism, Global Security, and the Peace Movement": During a Time Ofseemingly Endless War, We'll Hear From Radical Historian Howard Zinn" (February 22, 2002)[47]
    • "As Bush Delivers His First State of the Union Address, Democracy Now! Convenes a Shadowcongress to Respond" (January 30, 2002)[48]
    • "As Pacifica Stations WBAI, KPFK and WPFW Continue to Censor Democracy Now!, a Medley of The Voices That Pacifica Has Refused to Air Since September 11" (January 8, 2002)[49]
    • "Howard Zinn Speaks On the US War Against Afghanistan, US Wars Gone By, and the Prospects for a Humane US Foreign Policy" (Part II) (October 22, 2001)[50]
    • "Howard Zinn Speaks On the US War Against Afghanistan, US Wars Gone By, and the Prospects for a Humane US Foreign Policy" (Part I) (October 22, 2001)[51]
    • "Manning Marable, Howard Zinn and Grace Paley Speak Out Against the Bush Administration'smarch to War" (September 13, 2001)[52]
    • "Pearl Harbor: The Corporatization of History" (Part II) (Wednesday, May 30, 2001)[53]
    • "The Electoral College and Election 2000: A Historical Perspective From Howard Zinn" ( December 8, 2000) [54]
    • "American History Review of the 20th Century: Manning Marable and Howard Zinn" (December 27, 1999)[55]
    • "A People's History of the United States" (May 18, 1999)[56]
    • "Historian Howard Zinn Discusses Mergers" of two oil giants Exxon and Mobil (December 7, 1998)[57]
    • "Historian Zinn Addresses Nation's Censored Reports" (May 13, 1998)[58][59]
    • "Columbus Day Broadcast: A Talk by Howard Zinn" (October 13, 1997) [60]
Wikiquote has quotations related to Howard Zinn.

Criticism of Howard Zinn

Ways of Telling History Compared

  • Carlyle, Thomas. On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History. (University of California Press: 1993) ISBN 0520075153
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Howard_Zinn&oldid=60438523"