Maribojoc Church
| Maribojoc Church | |
|---|---|
| La Santa Cruz Parish Church Diocesan Shrine of San Vicente Ferrer | |
 Facade of Maribojoc Church | |
.svg)  Maribojoc Church Republic of the Philippines | |
| 9°44′25″N 123°50′36″E / 9.740258°N 123.843447°E | |
| Location | Maribojoc, Bohol |
| Country | Philippines |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| History | |
| Status | Diocesan Shrine and Parish |
| Founded | 1767 or 1768[1] |
| Dedication | Holy Cross |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | National Cultural Treasure |
| Designated | May 5, 2010[2] |
| Architectural type | Church building |
| Style | Baroque |
| Groundbreaking | 1852 |
| Completed | 1872 |
| Demolished | October 15, 2013 (2013 Bohol earthquake) |
| Specifications | |
| Number of domes | one |
| Materials | Coral stones |
| Administration | |
| Province | Cebu |
| Archdiocese | Cebu |
| Diocese | Tagbilaran |
| Clergy | |
| Archbishop | Jose S. Palma |
| Bishop(s) | Leonardo Y. Medroso |
Santa Cruz Parish Church (also Holy Cross Parish Church), commonly known as Maribojoc Church, was a Roman Catholic church in the municipality of Maribojoc, Bohol, Philippines, under the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tagbilaran. The church was designated in 2005 by the diocese as the Diocesan Shrine of San Vicente Ferrer. It was also declared a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines[2] and a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines.[3]
When a 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck Bohol and other parts of Central Visayas in 2013, the entire building crumbled to the ground, leaving only the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus standing.[4][5]
Church history
The Jesuits started evangelizing the town of Maribojoc (originally Malabojoc[6]) as a visita or mission station in the early 1600s.[1] Missions started in the settlement along the Abatan river called Viga (now part of Antequera) where Father Gabriel Sanchez built a church. The precise foundation date of the parish is unknown, cited as either 1767 or 1768.[1] With the canonical erection of the Holy Cross Parish, Father Juan Soriano, SJ, was installed as its first parish priest.[6] When the Jesuits left Maribojoc in 1768, the Augustinian Recollects administered to the spiritual needs of the town until 1898.[1] Father Julian de Santa Ana, from the Recollects, served as the second parish priest.[6] Construction of an early church in a swampy area of the town proper began in 1798 and was finished after 18 years under forced labor (polos y servicios) in 1816.[1][7] To build the church, parishioners were instructed to bring not less than 4 pounds of rock from the sea every time they attended.[1] The church, made of coral stones under the Recollects (destroyed during the 2013 Bohol earthquake), was built in 1852 under the auspices of Father Manuel Plaza, who served as parish priest from 1843 to 1859, then continued by Father Fernando Rubio.[1] After twenty years, the church was finished in 1872.[1] According to historian Murillo Velarde, an Austrian Jesuit priest, Fr. Jose Sanchez also built part of Maribojoc church and its neo-gothic retablo.[1]
In 1794 and 1880, the town of Cortes and Antequera established its own parish and was separated from Maribojoc.[6] In 1798, Maribojoc began reconstructing its church.[1] The church was spared during the Filipino-American War, the Second World War and other natural calamities, but not in the 2013 Bohol earthquake.[7]
In 2009, the National Historical Institute (NHI), now National Historical Commission of the Philippines, installed a historical marker in the presence of Tagbilaran Bishop Most. Rev. Leonardo Medroso and Ambeth Ocampo, chairman of NHI. The church was declared a National Cultural Treasure through Museum Declaration no. 2 on May 5, 2010.[2] Its marker was unveiled on July 22, 2012 at the Old Provincial Building of Bohol in Tagbilaran.[8]
Location
Just like the other towns of Bohol, the church and convent of Maribojoc were located on the 'uptown', a portion of the town that is usually elevated compared to the rest of the town (called 'downtown').[1] The back of the church faced 'downtown' and the sea.[1] The 'uptown' and 'downtown' portions of Maribojoc were connected by a stone stairway finished in 1842.[1] Instead of a plaza in front of the church, a ravine and the plaza were located on either side.[1]
Features
The church of Maribojoc resembled a cross or cruciform with a low, four-sided pyramidical roof and octagonal cupola.[1][9] Walls were consistently divided into thick and thin portions designed with finely cut coral stones on the sides.
Façade
Its facade was simply decorated by thin pilasters and niches of saints.[9] A bas relief of the church's secondary patron, San Vicente Ferrer, was prominently located on the center of the facade.[1] A string of finely cut coral stones, molded into flowers, could be seen on the lower cornice of the facade.[1] Beside the facade was an extension of a bulky belfry.
Bell tower
The belltower of Maribojoc had seven bells and two windows with clock faces. One of the clocks, installed on October 15, 1893 during the term of Father Lucas Martinez,[10] had an inscription of Jose Altonaga, indicating that it came from a well-known company in Manila during the late 19th century. On that same day, lightning rods amounting to ₱ 900 were installed.[10] It also had a separate entrance on the ground floor, possibly for easy access during changing shifts of watchmen. The largest of its seven bells was dedicated to San Vicente in the 1870s.[1] When Father Pedro Quiterio was assigned to Maribojoc, he ordered the repair of the clock in the bell tower on December 1933.[10]
Interior
The interior exhibited a contrast of bare nave walls against the paintings drawn on the metal ceilings leading to the main altar and retablo mayor. The ceiling paintings were known to be works of Raymundo Francia, as shown by his signature on one corner of the dome in the 1930s.[1] An acknowledgment on the initiative of the San Tarcisio Martir Maribojoc Catholic Association 'Comite de Obras' could also be seen painted before the crossing.[1] Several paintings by Francia on metal had deteriorated even before the total destruction of the church by earthquake in 2013. The Francia paintings were never touched up nor repainted.[11]
Cimborrio
The new church dome was constructed in June 1889. Ray Francia was again commissioned to do mural works on the cimborrio by painting the Epistles of the Four Apostles, namely St. John, St. Matthew St. Luke and St. Mark.[12]
Retablo
Maribojoc had five intricately carved neo-gothic retablos in the sanctuary and transepts.[5] Striking features of the retablo were the presence of arches, crockets, Mudejar stars and the profusion of carving. The whole retablo was probably completed in January 7, 1934 as a project of the Comite de Obras during the term of Father Quiterio Sarigumba (P.Q.S.) as seen on the inscription in the upper reaches of the central retablo.[1] An older retablo, built from 1616 to 1692, predated the church.[7]
The image of Santa Cruz (or Holy Cross), the town's patron, was located in a small shrine on top of another containing the wooden statue of San Vicente Ferrer, the town's secondary patron, on the central niche of the retablo-mayor.[1] Above the central niche was the image of the Holy Trinity.[1] On both sides, above the two other niches on the main altar, were paintings of the allegories of the Finding and Veneration of the True Cross.[1]
The rest of the retablos in the transept contained images of saints.
Choir Loft
Connected to the choir loft was a small area where a large organ with metal pipes could be seen. The organ, which still needed restoration at the time of the earthquake, was last played in 1975.[13] Estimated to have been built by Spanish pipe organ makers between the 17th and 19th centuries, the Maribojoc organ was one of the remaining 14 Spanish era pipe organs, three of which were in Bohol.[14] Also located in the choir loft was a lectern for choral books. On the ceiling, a mural of the sacrament of baptism depicted Father Quiterio Sarigumba as the officiating priest.[1] Father Sarigumba, also known as the builder priest, was known for repairing portions of Jagna Church and the addition of new facades to the churches of Inabanga and Panglao. A passage to the belfry was located in the choir loft.
Sacristy and Convento
The sacristy was located behind the sanctuary. Another passageway lead from the sanctuary to the church convent. Unlike other churches, the convent of Maribojoc, built under the second term of Father Fernando Rubio, was attached to the back of the church and parallel to the epistle transept, forming a continuous "I" pattern instead of the usual "L" pattern.[1] The convento was a traditional bahay-na-bato, with its ground floor made of stone and the second floor made of contemporary materials.[1] Parts of the convento were used as the St. Vincent Institute, a school and the church museum, which housed liturgical objects, old canonical books (Bautizos, Defuociones, Casamientos, Actas), relics of St. Vincent Ferrer and another relic of the Holy Cross brought by Fr. Soriano, SJ from Jerusalem.[6][15]
Another stone stairway at the back of the convento, finished in 1864, connected the 'downtown' to the port and led to an octagonal tower.[16]
2013 Bohol earthquake
One of the largest earthquakes to hit Bohol struck the island at 8:12 AM on October 15, 2013.[17] The center of the M7.2 earthquake was near Sagbayan, Bohol. Centuries-old churches in Bohol, including seven churches on Baclayon, Dauis, Dimiao, Loay, Loboc, Loon and Maribojoc, declared as National Cultural Treasures, were damaged.[18] Major damage was observed on the churches of Maribojoc and Loon.[5] Both churches were left completely in rubble, totally destroyed. Maribojoc Church was completely leveled to the ground; only the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus remained standing in front of the church.
The Diocese of Tagbilaran plans to restore Maribojoc Church and all other churches destroyed by the earthquake.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Jose, Regalado Trota. Visita Iglesia Bohol (A Guide to Historic Churches). Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts. ISBN 9718140166.
- ^ a b c National Museum of the Philippines. (2010). Annual Report 2010.
- ^ a b Espina, Flordeliza (January 25, 2014). "Bohol churches to be restored". Manila Standard Today. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ Luces, Kim (October 15, 2013). "From treasure to rubble: Heritage churches before and after the Bohol quake". GMA News. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ a b c Bolhayon-Mananghaya, Ma. Joycelyn. "A Technical Assessment of Bohol Churches damaged by the 15 October 2013 Bohol Earthquake". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Jabines, Mae Claire G. "The History of Maribojoc: Digging the Foundations of a Town". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ a b c "Holy Cross Parish Church". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ National Museum of the Philippines (2012). Annual Report 2012.
- ^ a b Japan Consortium for International Cooperation in Cultural Heritage. (2014). Survey Report on the Protection of Cultural Heritage in Republic of the Philippines. Tokyo, Japan.
- ^ a b c "Church Clock at the Bell Tower". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ "Church Painted Ceiling". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ "Cimborrio". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ "Choir Loft". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ "Pipe Organ". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ "Church Museum". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ "Old Stone Stairway". Municipality of Maribojoc. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ "M7.1 - 2km NE of Catigbian, Philippines". USGS Earthquake Hazards Program. Retrieved October 15, 2013
- ^ Ranada, Pia (October 15, 2013). "Heartbreaking: 10 iconic churches in Bohol, Cebu damaged". Rappler. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
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