Back to the Future (franchise)
| Back to the Future | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Created by | Robert Zemeckis Bob Gale |
| Original work | Back to the Future |
| Print publications | |
| Book(s) | See the Books section |
| Comics | See the Comics section |
| Films and television | |
| Film(s) | Back to the Future Back to the Future Part II Back to the Future Part III |
| Television series | Back to the Future |
| Theatrical presentations | |
| Musical(s) | Back to the Future: The Musical |
| Games | |
| Video game(s) | List of video games |
| Audio | |
| Soundtrack(s) | Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack Back to the Future Part II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Back to the Future Part III: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack The Back to the Future Trilogy |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Theme park attractions | Back to the Future: The Ride |
The Back to the Future franchise is an American science fiction-adventure film series written and directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Bob Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox), and an eccentric scientist, Dr. Emmett L. Brown (Christopher Lloyd), as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California.
The first film was the highest-grossing film of 1985 and became an international phenomenon, leading to the second and third films, which were back-to-back film productions, released in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Though the sequels did not perform quite as well at the box office as the first film, the trilogy remains immensely popular after a quarter-century and has yielded such spinoffs as an animated television series and a motion-simulation ride at the Universal Studios Theme Parks in Universal City, California; Orlando, Florida (now closed); and Osaka, Japan, as well as a Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, iPad, PS3, and Wii video game. The film's visual effects were done by Industrial Light and Magic. The trilogy was nominated for five Academy Awards all together, winning one (Best Sound Editing).
Films
| Back to the Future | |
|---|---|
| Directed by | Robert Zemeckis |
| Written by | Robert Zemeckis Bob Gale |
| Produced by | Bob Gale Neil Canton |
| Starring | Michael J. Fox Christopher Lloyd Thomas F. Wilson Lea Thompson |
| Cinematography | Dean Cundey |
| Edited by | Harry Keramidas Arthur Schmidt |
| Music by | Alan Silvestri |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
Release date | 1985–1990 |
Running time | 337 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $99 million |
| Box office | $965.5 million |
Back to the Future (1985)
Seventeen-year-old Marty McFly is accidentally sent back in time from 1985 to 1955 in a time machine built from a DeLorean by eccentric scientist Emmett "Doc" Brown, when Marty is attacked by Libyans from whom Doc stole the plutonium that gives the flux capacitor the 1.21 gigawatts it needs to time-travel. Soon after his arrival in 1955, Marty's mother Lorraine falls in love with him, rather than with his father George McFly, threatening to cause a paradox that would result in Marty's nonexistence. Without plutonium to power the time machine, Marty must find the 1955 Doc Brown to help him reunite his parents and return to 1985.
The efforts of Biff Tannen, George's bully and supervisor, further complicate Marty's situation until Marty successfully causes his parents to fall in love and simultaneously convinces George to finally stand up to Biff. Returning to the future via a lightning strike that powers the machine, Marty discovers a vastly improved situation for the McFly family, as a much more confident George has become an accomplished science-fiction novelist, and an apparently-softened Biff is now an auto detailer, rather than George's supervisor. Despite 1955 Doc's insistence on not knowing details of the future, a note Marty leaves in his pocket saves him from being killed by the terrorists. But in the film's final moments, Doc Brown appears in a modified version of the DeLorean and tells Marty and his girlfriend Jennifer Parker that they must travel to the future to fix a problem caused by Marty and Jennifer's kids.
Back to the Future Part II (1989)
The series continues as Doc Brown travels with Marty and Jennifer to the year 2015 where he has discovered Marty's family is in ruins. Shortly after correcting the situation, Marty buys a sports almanac containing the outcomes of 50 years (1950–2000) worth of sporting events. However, Doc catches him and throws the almanac in the trash, where the 2015 Biff Tannen finds it. A sleeping Jennifer has been taken by police to her future home, needing Marty and Doc to retrieve her before returning to 1985. While Marty and Doc are at the 2015 McFly home, 2015 Biff steals the DeLorean time machine and gives the book to his 1955 self just before he goes to the dance at the end of the first movie. When Doc and Marty return to 1985, they find that Biff has used the sports almanac's knowledge for financial gain, which allows him to turn Courthouse Square into a 27-story casino, take over Hill Valley, get away with the murder of Marty's father, and later marry Marty's mother. Marty learns that Biff was given the book by 2015 Biff on November 12, 1955, so he and Doc go back to that date in order to steal the almanac from Biff before he can use it to destroy their lives. They accomplish this in a complex fashion, often crossing their own past-selves' paths. When the duo are about to travel back to 1985, a lightning bolt strikes the DeLorean and activates the time circuits, sending Doc back to 1885 and leaving Marty stranded once again in 1955.
Back to the Future Part III (1990)
After finding out that Doc Brown is trapped in 1885, Marty sets out to find the 1955 Doc to help him fix the DeLorean (which has been waiting for him in a mineshaft for 70 years) and restore it to working order. Learning that Doc gets shot in 1885 by Biff's great-grandfather, Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen, Marty travels back in time to save Doc (who has become a blacksmith) and bring him back to the future. Arriving in the middle of a melee between the United States Cavalry and American Indians, an Indian arrow pierces a hole in the DeLorean's fuel line, emptying the gas tank and rendering the engine useless. Doc falls in love with schoolteacher Clara Clayton, and considers staying in the past. Marty must convince Doc to come back with him and find a way to get back to his time before it's too late. After several dramatic action scenes involving using a speeding locomotive to push the DeLorean to 88 miles per hour (142 km/h), Marty returns to 1985 without Doc Brown, who stayed behind with Clara in 1885. When the DeLorean appears in 1985 on the same train track as planned, a modern train destroys the DeLorean, with Marty jumping out just in time. Marty reveals to Jennifer the time travel adventure and they visit the scene of the wreckage of the DeLorean. He worries that Doc has been lost in the past forever, when suddenly Doc Brown appears in a new time machine, modeled after a locomotive. He introduces Jennifer and Marty to Clara (to whom he is now married) and his two sons, Jules and Verne. When Marty asks if Doc and his family are going to the future, Doc replies that he's "already been there." Doc's last words of wisdom is that nobody knows their future, so they "must make it a good one." The locomotive flies across the sky and disappears, ending the trilogy.
Future
Co-writer and director Robert Zemeckis, who has approval over all films in the Back to the Future franchise, has stated that he will block all attempts to remake or reboot the original film. Bob Gale stated that he did not wish to see another film in the series without the Marty McFly character nor any other actor than Michael J. Fox playing him, while acknowledging that Fox's current health condition would make this impossible. He illustrated this at a 2008 fan convention in Florida, stating “The idea of making another Back to the Future movie without Michael J. Fox – you know, that’s like saying, ‘I’m going to cook you a steak dinner and I’m going to hold the beef”.[1] Zemeckis has also ruled out the possibility of there ever being a fourth entry in the film series, stating that the Telltale adaptation is the closest thing to what a fourth film could be like.[2] However, in a USA Today interview on October 21, 2015, the day of Marty McFly's purported arrival in the future, Christopher Lloyd stated that he would consider making a fourth film under the condition that the original cast and creative team returned, along with a story "worth telling".[3] The same day, Lloyd once again reprised his role as Doc Brown in a brief segment in which Doc Brown returns to announce a special message explaining the discrepancy between reality and the "future" as depicted in the film.[4]
Cast and crew
Characters and portrayers
| Character | Feature films | Ride | Animated TV series | Video Game (2011) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Back to the Future (1985) |
Back to the Future Part II (1989) |
Back to the Future Part III (1990) |
Back to the Future: The Ride (1991) |
Back to the Future (1991-1992) |
Episode 1: It's About Time |
Episode 2: Get Tannen! |
Episode 3: Citizen Brown |
Episode 4: Double Visions |
Episode 5: Outatime | ||
| Martin Seamus "Marty" McFly | Michael J. Fox | Michael J. Fox (archive footage) | David Kaufman | A.J. LoCascio | A.J. LoCascio Michael J. Fox (future Martys) | ||||||
| Dr. Emmett Lathrop "Doc" Brown | Christopher Lloyd | Dan Castellaneta (voice) Christopher Lloyd (live-action segments) |
Christopher Lloyd James Arnold Taylor (young Emmett) |
Christopher Lloyd (First Citizen Brown) |
Christopher Lloyd (First Citizen Brown) James Arnold Taylor (young Emmett) |
Christopher Lloyd James Arnold Taylor (young Emmett) | |||||
| Biff Tannen | Thomas F. Wilson | Kid Beyond Thomas F. Wilson (2015 release) | |||||||||
| Irving "Kid" Tannen | Owen Thomas | Owen Thomas | |||||||||
| Lorraine Baines-McFly | Lea Thompson | Aimee Miles | |||||||||
| George Douglas McFly | Crispin Glover | Jeffrey Weissman Crispin Glover (archive footage) |
Jeffrey Weissman | Michael Sommers | |||||||
| Jennifer Parker | Claudia Wells | Elisabeth Shue | Cathy Cavadini | Claudia Wells | |||||||
| Dave McFly | Marc McClure | (Shown in deleted scene) | Marc McClure | ||||||||
| Linda McFly | Wendie Jo Sperber |
Wendie Jo Sperber |
|||||||||
| Gerald Strickland | James Tolkan | (photograph) | (photograph) | ||||||||
| Einstein | Tiger | Freddie | Danny Mann | ||||||||
| Copernicus | Foster | ||||||||||
| 3-D | Casey Siemaszko | (Silent cameo) | |||||||||
| Match | Billy Zane | (Silent cameo) | |||||||||
| Skinhead | J.J. Cohen | (Silent cameo) | |||||||||
| Douglas J. Needles | Flea | ||||||||||
| Marty McFly, Jr. | Michael J. Fox | ||||||||||
| Marlene McFly | Michael J. Fox | ||||||||||
| Griff | Thomas F. Wilson | Thomas F. Wilson | |||||||||
| Seamus McFly | Michael J. Fox | ||||||||||
| Maggie McFly | Lea Thompson | ||||||||||
| William McFly | Michael J. Fox (photograph) Unnamed child (infant William) |
Michael J. Fox | |||||||||
| Clara Clayton | Mary Steenburgen | (photograph) | Mary Steenburgen | ||||||||
| Jules Eratosthenes Brown | Todd Cameron Brown | Joshua Keaton | |||||||||
| Verne Newton Brown | Dannel Evans | Troy Davidson | |||||||||
| Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen | Thomas F. Wilson (photograph) |
Thomas F. Wilson | (Silent cameo in Season 1 intro) |
||||||||
| Beauregard Tannen | Thomas F. Wilson | Owen Thomas | |||||||||
| Chief Marshal James Strickland | James Tolkan | (photograph) | (photograph) | ||||||||
| Heather | Darlene Vogel | ||||||||||
Marty McFly and Doc Brown were included in Empire's 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking No. 39 and No. 76 respectively.[5][6]
Crew
| Film | Year | Director | Writers | Producers | Executive producers | Associate producer | Cinematographer | Editors | Composer | Casting directors | Production designers | Art directors | Set decorators | Costume designers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Back to the Future | 1985 | Robert Zemeckis | Robert Zemeckis Bob Gale |
Neil Canton Bob Gale |
Steven Spielberg Kathleen Kennedy Frank Marshall |
N/A | Dean Cundey | Harry Keramidas Arthur Schmidt |
Alan Silvestri | Jane Feinberg Mike Fenton Judy Taylor |
Lawrence G. Paull | Todd Hallowell | Hal Gausman | Deborah L. Scott |
| Back to the Future Part II | 1989 | Story: Robert Zemeckis Bob Gale Screenplay: Bob Gale |
Steve Starkey | Mike Fenton Valorie Massalas Judy Taylor |
Rick Carter | Margie Stone McShirley | Linda De Scenna | Joanna Johnston | ||||||
| Back to the Future Part III | 1990 | Margie Stone McShirley Jim Teegarden |
Michael Taylor |
Reception
Box office performance
| Film | Release date | Box office gross | Budget | Ref(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North America | Other territories |
Worldwide | ||||||
| Back to the Future | July 3, 1985 | $210,609,762 | $178,444,035 | $389,053,797 | $19,000,000 | |||
| Back to the Future Part II | November 22, 1989 | $118,450,002 | $213,500,000 | $331,950,002 | $40,000,000 | [10][11] | ||
| Back to the Future Part III | May 25, 1990 | $87,727,583 | $156,800,000 | $244,527,583 | $40,000,000 | [12] | ||
| Total | $418,437,347 | $551,844,035 | $970,381,382 | $99,000,000 | ||||
List indicator(s)
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As of June 2011[update], the Back to the Future series is the 14th-highest-grossing trilogy of all time at the domestic market (adjusted for inflation),[13] 17th-highest-grossing trilogy of all time at the domestic market (not adjusted for inflation),[14] and the 13th-highest-grossing trilogy of all time, worldwide (not adjusted for inflation).[15]
The trilogy was re-released in certain countries worldwide on October 21, 2015 to commemorate the date travelled to by the protagonists in Back to the Future Part II and generated $4.8 million on its opening day.[16] In the United States and Canada, it earned $1.65 million from ticket sales across 1,815 North American theaters on its opening day.[16][17] Germany opened with $1.4 million and the United Kingdom with $345,000. Revenues from other territories such as Australia, Austria, France, Italy were moderate.[16]
Critical and public response
| Film | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic | CinemaScore |
|---|---|---|---|
| Back to the Future | 96% (72 reviews)[18] | 86 (12 reviews)[19] | n/a |
| Back to the Future Part II | 61% (54 reviews)[20] | 57 (17 reviews)[21] | A-[22] |
| Back to the Future Part III | 73% (41 reviews)[23] | 55 (19 reviews)[24] | A-[22] |
Soundtrack albums
In 1985, MCA Records released the Back to the Future soundtrack. It featured 8 tracks performed by Huey Lewis and the News, Lindsey Buckingham, Eric Clapton, Marvin Berry and the Starlighters, and Etta James. Only two tracks were culled from Alan Silvestri's orchestral score.
In 1989, MCA Records released Back to the Future Part II soundtrack with 13 tracks.
In 1990, Varèse Sarabande released Back to the Future Part III soundtrack with 18 tracks.
In 1999, Varèse Sarabande released Back to the Future trilogy soundtrack with eight tracks from the first film, seven from the second, four from the third, and one from the ride.
In 2009, Intrada released a two-CD Back to the Future set as Intrada Special Collection Volume 116. It features the complete original motion picture soundtrack (that is, Alan Silvestri's entire orchestral score) from Back to the Future (Part I) with 24 tracks, 15 tracks of alternate early sessions and one unused source cue from the scoring sessions.
Video releases
2002 DVD release: "The Complete Trilogy"
In July 1997, Universal Studios announced that Back to the Future would be one of their first ten releases to the new format, though it ended up being delayed for five years. The films were finally released in 3-disc DVD box set on December 17, 2002 in both widescreen and fullscreen.[citation needed]
2009 DVD release
On October 21, 2008, BTTF.com broke the story that Universal will be releasing each of the "Back to the Future" films individually. The DVDs were released on February 10, 2009. "Back to the Future" became a 2-disc set featuring the documentary "Looking Back to the Future" and "Back to the Future: The Ride."[25]
2010 Blu-ray release: "25th Anniversary Trilogy"
In June 2008, a special screening of the trilogy was held in Celebration, Florida. Bob Gale told the crowd they were seeing the digitally remastered version that was going to be used for the Blu-ray version of the movies. Gale also spoke to potential supplemental features on a Blu-ray version of the trilogy, saying only that never-before-seen bonus materials may appear, though he stopped short of offering any specifics.[26] On June 28, 2010, Universal announced that the Blu-ray edition of the films would be released on October 26, 2010, twenty-five years to the day from the date of the fictional events from the first film.[27] There have been numerous complaints about the R1 packaging,[28] leading to the release of an instruction sheet on how to safely remove and insert discs.[29]
Release formats and features
 |
| Name | Box | Audio | Scene-specific commentary | Framing | Enhanced MJ Fox interview |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1986 (Part I) CED | Tan with Marty and DeLorean | Stereo | No | ? | No |
| 1986 (Part I) VHS | Blue with Marty and DeLorean | Stereo | No | Correct Widescreen | No |
| 1993 Japanese Laserdisc | Charcoal with logo | Stereo | No | Generous | No |
| VCD | Blue with Marty and DeLorean | Stereo | No | Correct Widescreen | No |
| 2002 R1 DVD | Blue with Marty and Doc with DeLorean | Dolby 5.1 | Yes | Incorrect Widescreen | Yes |
| 2002 R2/R4 UK DVD | Black with DeLorean | Dolby 5.1 and DTS | No | Incorrect Widescreen | No |
| 2003 "V2" (Part II & Part III) DVD | No box | Dolby 5.1 | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | Yes |
| 2005 R1 DVD | Blue with Marty and Doc | Dolby 5.1 | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | Yes |
| 2005 R2/R4 UK DVD | Blue with DeLorean | Dolby 5.1 and DTS | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | Yes |
| 2006 R2 UK DVD | Blue with DeLorean | Dolby 5.1 and DTS | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | Yes |
| 2008 R2 UK DVD | Black Steelbook Case with DeLorean | Dolby 5.1 and DTS | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | Yes |
| 2009 R1 Individual DVDs | BTTF: Marty with DeLorean BTTF II: Marty and Doc with DeLorean BTTF III: Marty, Doc, and Clara with DeLorean |
Dolby 5.1 | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | Yes |
| 2010 25th Anniversary R1 Blu-ray/Digital copy | Blue with Marty and Doc with DeLorean | DTS-HD 5.1 | Yes | Corrected Widescreen (squished credits on Part I) | Yes |
| 2010 R2 Blu-ray | Blue with Marty with DeLorean | DTS-HD 5.1 | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | ? |
| 2010 Limited Edition Collector's Tin R2 Blu-ray | Tin blue with Marty with DeLorean | DTS-HD 5.1 | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | ? |
| 2010 25th Anniversary R2 DVD | Blue with Marty with DeLorean | Dolby 5.1 | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | Yes |
| 2015 30th Anniversary Blu-ray and DVD | Flux Capacitor | Dolby 5.1 | Yes | Corrected Widescreen | Yes |
The footage that was shot with Eric Stoltz in the role of Marty McFly before he was replaced with Michael J. Fox was not included in Universal's original DVD release in 2002 or in 2009, despite many fans hoping that Universal would include it. Some very brief footage has been released in the Blu-ray version in 2010.
Other media
Television series
An animated television series, Back to the Future: The Animated series, lasted two seasons, each featuring 13 episodes, and ran on CBS from September 14, 1991 to December 26, 1992.
Comic books
A comic book series was published by Harvey Comics detailing further adventures of the animated series. IDW will publish a mini series which presents the first meeting of both Marty and Doc Brown and is written by co-screenwriter Bob Gale, set to be in stores on October 21th, 2015, the same date that Marty travels with Doc Brown to the future depicted in the story line for Part II.
Books
Each film in the trilogy also received a novelization that expanded on the movies by adding scenes, characters and dialog, often culled from early-draft scripts.
In 2012, Hasslein Books released A Matter of Time: The Unauthorized Back to the Future Lexicon, written by Rich Handley.[30] The book was released in cooperation with BTTF.com, the official Back to the Future Web site.[31] A second volume, Back in Time: The Unauthorized Back to the Future Chronology, by Greg Mitchell and Rich Handley, was released in 2013.[32]
Games
Various video games based on the Back to the Future movies have been released over the years for home video game systems, including the Atari ST Also ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64 computers, the Sega Master System, the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, NES, and Super Nintendo system. Additionally the game trilogy has also been released for Windows (PC), for Apple (MAC) and for Apple (iPad).[33]
The 2015 game Lego Dimensions will feature Marty and Doc in an upgrade kit. Michael J Fox and Christopher Lloyd reprised their roles of Marty and Doc, respectively.[34]
Stage musical
On 31 January 2014, it was announced that a stage musical adaptation of the first film is in production.[35] The show, which will be co-written by original writers Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, is expected to be performed in 2015. According to Gale, the musical will be "true to the spirit of the film without being a slavish remake". The musical is part of the 30th anniversary of the original film.
Keith Lemon
A Keith Lemon episode called "Keith Lemon’s Back to the Future Tribute" was ordered for ITV2 by ITV’s Director of Digital Platforms, Angela Jain and was commissioned by commissioning editor, comedy and entertainment Claire Zolkwer. It will be made for ITV2 by Talkback and executive produced by Leon Wilson. The series producer is Arron Ferster and director is Andrew Chaplin.[36]
Automotive commercials
In 2015, Fox and Lloyd starred alongside popular YouTube science personality Go Tech Yourself in an extended Toyota commercial for Toyota's new fuel cell vehicle, the Mirai, entitled Fueled by the Future. The commercial doubled as a tribute to the franchise and illustrated how the idea of converting trash into fuel had become reality. The commercial was released on October 21st — the same date that Marty, Doc and Jennifer traveled to in Back to the Future Part II.[37]
Theme park ride
Back to the Future: The Ride is a simulator ride based on and inspired by the Back to the Future films and is a mini-sequel to 1990's Back to the Future Part III. The original attraction opened on May 2, 1991, at Universal Studios Florida. It also opened on June 2, 1993 at Universal Studios Hollywood and on March 31, 2001 at Universal Studios Japan. The rides in the United States have since been replaced by The Simpsons Ride. The ride in Japan remains operational.
Back In Time
In the fall of 2015, a Kickstarter project is set to release the "Back In Time" documentary film.[38][39] The film features interviews with the members of the cast and crew along with the cultural impact of the trilogy 30 years later.
References
- ^ "Robert Zemeckis rules out Back to the Future remake". The Telegraph. July 1, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.
- ^ Back to the Future: The Game - 30th Anniversary Edition Trailer. YouTube. September 29, 2015.
- ^ "Christopher Lloyd couldn't have foreseen this 'Future'". USA Today. October 21, 2015.
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwL0HZSc2Sc
- ^ "Marty McFly entry on ''100 greatest movie characters''". Empire. December 5, 2006. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
- ^ "Doc Brown entry on ''100 greatest movie characters". Empire. December 5, 2006. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
- ^ "Back to the Future (1985)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Back to the Future (2010 re-release)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
- ^ "Back to the Future (2014 re-issue)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
- ^ "Back to the Future Part II (1989)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Back to the Future Part II (Foreign gross)". The Numbers. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Back to the Future Part III (1990)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Top Trilogies – Domestic: Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
- ^ "All Time Box Office Records: Top Trilogies – Domestic". Box Office Mojo. June 17, 2007. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
- ^ "Top Grossing Tilogies Worldwide". Box Office Mojo. May 15, 2007. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
- ^ a b c Pamela McClintock (October 22, 2015). "Box Office: 'Back to the Future' Day Earns $4.8M Worldwide". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (October 22, 2015). "'Back To The Future' Day Racks Up Dough From Trilogy Re-Release". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|work=(help) - ^ "BACK TO THE FUTURE". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ "Back to the Future". metacritic.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ "BACK TO THE FUTURE II". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ "Back to the Future II". metacritic.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ a b "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ "BACK TO THE FUTURE III". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ "Back to the Future III". metacritic.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
- ^ Archived 2009-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Surpless, Brendan (June 3, 2008). "RUMOR: Bob Gale hints "Back to the Future" may be coming to Blu-ray Disc". HighDefDiscNews. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
- ^ "From Universal Studios Home Entertainment, One of the Biggest Motion Picture Trilogies Comes to Blu-ray for the First Time Ever". California: Prnewswire.com. June 28, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
- ^ Shaffer, R.L. (October 25, 2010). "Back to the Future: 25th Anniversary Trilogy Blu-ray Review". IGN. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "How to remove/insert discs" (PDF). IGN. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ "Sci-fi-Geek-Reference Book-Back to the Future Lexicon-Rich Handley". hassleinbooks.com. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ "Back to the Future™". bttf.com. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ "Sci-fi-Geek-Reference Book-Greg Mitchell-Rich Handley-Back to the Future Timeline". hassleinbooks.com. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ "Telltale Games Back to the Future: The Game". telltalegames.com. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ "'Lego Dimensions' reunites the original 'Back to the Future' cast". Retrieved September 16, 2015.
- ^ "Back to the Future musical announced". BBC News. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ "Keith Lemon goes 'Back to the Future'". "ITV Press Centre".
- ^ Toyota Mirai "Fueled By" Commercials Toyota
- ^ "Back In Time". Kickstarter.
- ^ "About". backintimefilm.com.
External links
- Back to the Future
- Back to the Future at IMDb
- Back to The Future at AllMovie
- Interview with cast and director reunited on The Today Show for the 25th anniversary of the release of the first movie
| Films |
|
|---|---|
| Characters | |
| Music | |
| Video games |
|
| Other media | |
| Universe | |
| Legacy | |
- Universal Studios franchises
- Back to the Future
- 1985 introductions
- 1980s comedy films
- 1980s science fiction films
- 1990s comedy films
- 1990s science fiction films
- American comedy science fiction films
- American films
- English-language films
- Comedy films by series
- Science fiction films by series
- Film series
- Flying cars in fiction
- Comic science fiction
- Soft science fiction
- Science fantasy