Sirsi, Karnataka

Sirsi ಶಿರಸಿ Kalyanapattana
City
Marikamba temple at Sirsi
Grid position	MK74
Country	India
State	Karnataka
District	Uttara Kannada
Government
• Body	City Municipal Council
Area
• Total	11.2 km2 (4.3 sq mi)
Elevation	610 m (2,000 ft)
Population  (2011)
• Total	62,335(town) 78,784(UA)
• Rank	1st in (North Canara District)
Demonym(s)	sirsean, ಶಿರಸಿಯವರು
Languages
• Official	Kannada
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	581401, 581402, 581403
Telephone code	+91-8384
Vehicle registration	KA-31
Literacy	92.82%
Sex ratio	1014 ♂/♀
Website	www.sirsicity.mrc.gov.in

Sirsi is a city in the Uttara Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Sirsi was also known as Kalyanapattana during the Sonda Dynasty. It is a tourist destination with a population of 62882. It is the largest city in North Canara district. Sirsi is the main commercial centre and business hub in Uttara Kannada district. The city is surrounded by lush green forest and the region is popular for a large number of waterfalls. Hubli and Belgaum are the nearest large cities. The main businesses around the city are mostly subsistence and agriculture based. Adike (Supari) (Areca nut) or (betel nut) is the primary crop grown in the villages that surround the city, making it one of the major trading centres for Arecanut. The nuts grown there are transported all over India, and also exported abroad. The region is also popular for many other spices like cardamom, pepper, betel leaves and vanilla. The major food crop is paddy and rice is the staple food of the people.

Geography

Sirsi is located at 14.62°N 74.85°E / 14.62; 74.85 (Grid Square MK74). It has an average elevation of 590 metres (1936 feet), and is situated in the heart of the Western Ghats. Sirsi is about 425 km from Bangalore. The nearest airport is located in Hubli, about 102 km from Sirsi. River Aghanashini begins at a place near Sirsi called "Donihalla" and flows towards the Arabian Sea in the West. The river also creates many waterfalls along its path. Yana (Kannada: ಯಾಣ) is a village located in forests of the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka, India, which is known for the unusual rock formations (karst) or (asteroid). It is located in the Sahyadri mountain range of the Western Ghats, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Karwar port, 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Sirsi, and 31 kilometres (19 mi) from Kumta. The two unique rock outcrops near the village are a tourist attraction and easily approachable by a small trek through 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) of thick forests from the nearest road head.

Climate

The climate in Sirsi is strongly influenced by the monsoons, and the climate is tropical, moderated by proximity to the sea. During the monsoons, the region receives one of the heaviest rainfall in the world. As a result, the region also has a large variety of wildlife. The vegetation in the region is mainly moist deciduous, and valuable timber wood is commonly found in the forests of the region. Owing to the rich flora and fauna, deforestation and poaching have been causes for concern in recent years. The climate of Sirsi is moderate with winter temperatures rarely dropping below 13 degrees Celsius. Summers can get uncomfortable due to the proximity to the ocean. The best time to visit Sirsi is during winter, when the humidity is lower and the nights can get slightly chilly. The highest temperature recorded here is 40 degrees Celsius and the lowest is 5.8 degress Celsius respectively.

Climate data for Sirsi,KA,India (1961-2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	28 (82)	30 (86)	32 (90)	33 (91)	32 (90)	29 (84)	27.5 (81.5)	26 (79)	28 (82)	29 (84)	28 (82)	27.7 (81.9)	29.2 (84.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	17.2 (63.0)	18.8 (65.8)	20 (68)	22.4 (72.3)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (72)	22.3 (72.1)	21.1 (70.0)	19.5 (67.1)	18.9 (66.0)	17.4 (63.3)	20.6 (69.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	—	6.1 (0.24)	12 (0.5)	30 (1.2)	104.3 (4.11)	580.8 (22.87)	420.1 (16.54)	478.2 (18.83)	220.5 (8.68)	179.5 (7.07)	47 (1.9)	28 (1.1)	—
Source: Skymet Observatory "Climatological Information for Sirsi,India",

Demographics

Religion in Sirsi
			Percent
Hinduism			85.9%
Islam			11.680%
Christianity			2.20%
Jainism			0.22%
Others†			0.02%
Distribution of religions

Sirsi Educational District

As of 2011 India census, Sirsi had a population of 62,335 within town limits.Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sirsi has an average literacy rate of 92.82%, which is much higher than the national average of 74.05%: male literacy is 95.26%, and female literacy is 90.43%. About 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.In Sirsi City Municipal Council, Female Sex Ratio is of 1014 against state average of 973.

The communities in Sirsi city are

• Havyaka Brahmin,
• Namadhari Naik,
• Goud Saraswat Brahmin,
• Lingayats,
• Nadavas,
• Kurubas,
• Siddis,
• Shervegar Naayaks,
• Gudigars,
• Daivajna,
• Ganiga etc.

The majority of the people in Sirsi , especially Havyaka Brahmins speak dialect of Kannada known as Havyaka Kannada. A sizable part of the population belonging to Daivajna and Gavli communities and also Christians speak Konkani. The Muslims in this city speak Urdu.

Access

By road

Sirsi is linked to other parts of the state many state highways. Couple of National Highways are sanctioned by the Ministry of Transport, Government of India passing through Sirsi namely Yellapur-Sirsi-Talguppa and Kumta-Sirsi-Haveri which will be developed and maintained by National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). Sirsi is linked to neighboring district headquarters of Dharwad, Udupi, Haveri, Belagaum, Shimoga. The state corporation has a network of buses to all major cities and towns in Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa. VRL, SRS,Seabird, Shreekumar travels and Sugama Transport are the major private bus operators.

By train

The nearest railhead is at Talguppa. Talguppa is 54 km from Sirsi. Talguppa railway connects Bengaluru city via Sagara. Major railhead is Hubli, which is the Zonal Headquarters of South Western Railways.

By air

The nearest airport is in Hubli and the other is Belgaum which are about 2.5 hrs and 5 hours drive from Sirsi respectively. Hubli is connected to Bangalore, while Belgaum is connected to Bangalore and Mumbai by air.

Art and culture

Main article: Yakshagana

Yakshagana artist with Kirita depicts King

Yakshagana artist with Kedige

Yakshagana is a classical dance drama popular in the state of Karnataka in India mostly popular in the districts of North Kanara, Shimoga, Udupi, South Kanara and Kasaragod district of Kerala.[1] This theater art involves Music, Songs, Dance, Acting, Dialogue, story and unique costumes. While, songs and dance adhere to well established talas very similar to classical Indian dance forms, acting and dialogues are created spontaneously on stage depending on ability of artists. This combination of classical and folk elements makes Yakshagana unique from any other Indian art. This would be considered to be a form of opera in western eyes.

Traditionally, Yakshaganas used to start late in the night and run entire night. Bhagavata, the background singer is also the directory of the story and controls the entire proceedings on stage. Bhagavatha along with background musicians who play Chande and Maddale forms himmela. The actors who wear colorful costumes and enact various roles in the story forms Mummela.

There are many professional troops in Karnataka. In spite of competition from modern movie industry and TV, these troops are arranging ticketed shows and making profit. Apart from this individuals arrange shows in their town inviting well known professional artists like Sri Chittani Ramachandra Hegde and Kondadakuli Ramachandra Hegde, providing an opportunity for local talents to act with legends.

Yakshagana is sometimes simply called as Aataā in both Konkani and Kannada (meaning play). Yaksha-gana literally means the song (gana) of a Yaksha. Yakshas were an exotic tribe mentioned in the Sanskrit literature of ancient India.

Main article: Bedara Vesha

In Sirsi Holi is celebrated with a unique Carnival. Folk dance called "Bedara Vesha", Which is performed during the nights beginning five days before the actual festival day. The festival is celebrated every alternate year in the town which attracts a large crowd on all the five days from different parts of the India.

Main article: Dollu Kunitha

Dollu Kunitha is also another folk dance of Sirsi performed during Bedara Vesha and Marikamba Jathra.

Media and communications

Telephones

BSNL provides the landline telephone services and is widely used.

Radio

Dharwad AIR is the nearest radio station. Dharwad AIR station can be heard on 765 kHz Medium Wave and Dharwad Vividha Bharathi can be heard on 103 MHz FM. Both these radio stations have entertained people here for a very long time and are quite popular among the villagers.

Amateur radio

QRZ.COM lists two amateur radio operators in Sirsi using the ITU prefix VU2/VU3.

Television

Sirsi has LPT-49 TV relay station airing Doordarshan National Channel. Cable TV and Direct to Home services are widely used and these have replaced the conventional VHF/UHF TV antennas and satellite dish antennas.

Internet

Fixed-line Internet facilities have greatly improved in the town with the launching of BSNL Broadband.

Mobile phone services

Majority of the mobile networks have coverage only in city limits. BSNL mobile has a good coverage in the rural parts. Airtel, BSNL, Vodafone networks provide 3G data services. Vodafone has started 4G (LTE) services in the city while upcoming mobile operator Reliance Jio has already installed the required infrastructure though the services are yet to be launched.

Newspapers

Vijaya Karnataka, Prajavani, Samyukta Karnataka, Udayavani and The Times of India (all published from Hubli) are the major newspapers popular there. Patrakartha, Janamadhyama, Lokadhwani & Sirsi Siri are the local papers published there. Lokadhwani can also be accessed on the Internet http://www.sirsi.in & Janamaadhyama Newspaper, Nuthana TV, Sumukha TV Available in http://www.sirsi.info

Budget information

The annual budget of the CMC Sirsi for the year 2009–10 was Rs.1534.28 lakhs, out of which Rs.781.20 lakhs is proposed for capital expenses, Rs.462.45 lakhs towards proposed revenue payment, Rs.232.09 lakhs towards extra ordinary payment, and for development of SC&ST is Rs.9.86 lakhs.

Special and sweet dishes of Sirsi

• Todadevu is a special kind of thin-crust dosa made out of jaggery or sugarcane juice. (Most local desserts of Sirsi have jaggery rather than sugar.)
• Kadubu: The main ingredients are jackfruit pulp and jaggery. The batter is prepared and, with additional ingredients, the batter is put into a container and steamed. The dessert is a local delicacy and is served hot with ghee.
• Holge: These are similar to the sweet equivalents of tortillas. One variant is made with gram flour and jaggery, while the other is made with coconuts.
• Kesaribath is rice cooked in sugar, ghee, and saffron.
• Karakali is a special kind of chutney which tastes very spicy. It is prepared from colocacia leaves.

Temple

Shri Marikamba Temple

Sirsi is famous for the Marikamba temple, built in 1688. The 'Marikamba Jaathre', commemorating the goddess Marikamba, is held by the temple authorities every alternate year. Nearly a lakh devotees from all parts of the country attend the fair, making it one of the biggest festivals in the region. Close to the Marikamba temple are the temples dedicated to Maha Ganapati, Mahavishnu Temple and Shri Gopalakrishna.

For those who believe in astrology or fortune telling but do not have a horoscope in place, there is a ritual performed at the Maha Ganapathy temple by the priests there. The seeker has to frame the question that will have a binary outcome (Yes or No; True or False) The priest does the needful and the seeker is told about the verdict from Lord Ganesha. Many decisions like buying or selling property, choosing a vocation for higher studies are taken by some people through this ritual

22 km from Sirsi, Banavasi hobli is situated. Madhukeshwar temple is situated in Banavasi. The reigning deity Madhukeshwara of Banavasi, derived name from the linga, which has colour of honey.

Sodhe

Sodhe or Sonda or Sonda or Swadi flourished during the Vijayanagara Empire and is a considered to be a sacred place by both Hindus and Jains. Sonda is famous for Shri Vadiraja Matha, Shri Swarnavalli Matha and is about 15 km from Sirsi.

Jain Matha

A Jain Matha exists there and it is headed by Bhattaraka Swasti Sri Bhattakalanka. The Sonda Jain Matha is also known as the Swadi Jain Matha.

Churches

St. Anthony's church is in Sirsi and is situated in the center of the town, and is the main church for the minority Christian population in the region. Another church is St. John Bosco Church situated on Hubli Road. One more beautiful church is Infant Jesus Church in Agasebagil. St.Paul's Mar Thoma Church is situated near the Zoo Circle.

Prominent places in the Taluk of Sirsi

• Banavasi, the capital of an ancient kingdom in Karnataka (state) ruled by the Kadamba Dynasty is 24 km away from the Sirsi town center. Banavasi is considered as the "first" capital of Karnataka state, with the current capital being Bangalore. Although most of the ancient grandeur of the dynasty in Banavasi has been lost, an ancient temple for Madhukeshwara (Lord Shiva) is still largely intact, and has been declared a monument of historical importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.
• Sahasralinga (Sanskrit for a thousand Shiva (deity) lingas) is another place of significance, where sculptures carved from stone are installed in the middle of a flowing river. The river is surrounded by lush green forest; the place is about 10 km from the town center. The place is quite secluded, except during "Maha Shivaratri" celebrations when it receives a sizeable number of pilgrims from the surrounding areas.
• Sonda, famous for its Sri Vadiraja Matha, and Swarnavalli Mutt are about 15 km away from Sirsi.
• Unchalli Falls, (also known as Keppa Joga, referring to the other more famous waterfall nearby, Jog falls) is situated about 30 km from Sirsi, and is one of the biggest tourist attractions near Sirsi. The waterfall is a 116-meter drop and offers spectacular views at all times of the year.
• Yana, known for the unusual rock formations (Asteroid). It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Sirsi.

Other destinations

• Shivaganga Falls
• Burude Falls
• Benne Hole falls
• Pancha linga
• Ganesh Paalu
• Mattighatta falls
• Waate Halla falls
• Duggumane falls
• Kumbri gudda
• Dhoranagiri
• Musukina baavi
• Manjaguni Devasthana
• Jog falls(Sagara Taluk)
• Tapovan an sacred place of Shri Vadiraja swami
• Banagere falls
• Nishane gudda
• Unchalli falls
• Vibhuthi falls
• Sathodi Falls
• Sahasra Linga
• Magod Falls
• Bhimana gudda
• Goli Siddivinayaka temple
• Kashikalyana gudda tuduguni
• Jenkal gudda Yellapura
• Maruti temple Kolagibese

Nature and terrain

Sirsi is a popular destination for trekkers and nature lovers alike, owing to its idyllic location in the middle of the Western Ghats. Many viewpoints and mountain peaks provide spectacular views of the Sahyadri mountain ranges. The tourist infrastructure has improved considerably in the last decade, owing to an effort by the government to improve tourism in the area. There are many obscure destinations and trekking routes surrounding this region,

known mostly only to the people native to the region. The region is also popular for numerous medicinal plants used in the traditional Ayurveda system of medicine, and there are protected reserves near Devimane Ghats for the conservation of medicinal species and biodiversity in the region.

External links

• State Government website on Sirsi