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2016 Pacific typhoon season

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2016 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 26, 2016
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameNepartak
 • Maximum winds215 km/h (130 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure900 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions13
Total storms5
Typhoons2
Super typhoons1 (unofficial)
Total fatalities95
Total damage$1.78 billion (2016 USD)
Pacific typhoon seasons
2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

The 2016 Pacific typhoon season is a current event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season runs throughout 2016, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) will name a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin, whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N–25°N regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) are given a number with a "W" suffix.

The first system formed on May 26, making it the fifth latest start for a Pacific typhoon season in the satellite era; only the 1973, 1983, 1984 and 1998 seasons started later. However the first named tropical storm, Nepartak, did not develop until July 3, making it the second latest season for a named storm to develop. Nepartak's naming tied the record 199-day period (from December 17, 2015 to July 2, 2016) in which a named storm was inactive within the basin (1997–98).[1]

Seasonal forecasts

TSR forecasts
Date		 Tropical
storms		 Total
Typhoons		 Intense
TCs		 ACE Ref
Average (1965–2015) 26 16 9 298 [2]
May 7, 2016 22 13 6 217 [2]
July 6, 2016 22 13 7 239 [3]
Other forecasts
Date		 Forecast
Center		 Period Systems Ref
January 8, 2016 PAGASA January — March 1–2 tropical cyclones [4]
January 8, 2016 PAGASA April — June 1–3 tropical cyclones [4]
June 28, 2016 CWB January 1 — December 31 19–23 tropical storms [5]
July 15, 2016 PAGASA July — September 5–11 tropical cyclones [6]
July 15, 2016 PAGASA October — December 4–9 tropical cyclones [6]
Forecast
Center		 Tropical
cyclones		 Tropical
storms		 Typhoons Ref
Actual activity: JMA 13 5 2
Actual activity: JTWC 8 5 2
Actual activity: PAGASA 3 2 1

During the year several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies included the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of the University College London, PAGASA and Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau. Some of the forecasts took into consideration what happened in previous seasons and the El Niño conditions that were observed during the previous year. The first forecast of the year was released by PAGASA during January 2016, within its seasonal climate outlook for the period January – June.[4] The outlook noted that one to two tropical cyclones were expected between January and March, while one to three were expected to develop or enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility between April and June.[4]

During March the Hong Kong Observatory predicted that the typhoon season in Hong Kong, would be near normal with four to seven tropical cyclones passing within 500 km (310 mi)* of the territory compared to an average of six.[7] On May 7, Tropical Storm Risk issued its first forecast for the season and predicted that it will be a quiet season, with 22 tropical storms, 13 typhoons, and 6 intense typhoons developing during the year, while an ACE Index of 217 was also forecast.[2] Ahead of the Thailand rainy season starting during May, the Thai Meteorological Department predicted that two tropical cyclones would move near Thailand during 2016.[8] They predicted that there was a high chance that the first tropical cyclone, would move past northern and north-eastern Thailand during August or September.[8] The second tropical cyclone was predicted to move past Southern Thailand during October and November.[8] On June 28, Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau predicted that between 19–23 tropical storms would develop over the basin, while two — four systems were expected to affect Taiwan itself.[5]

On July 6, TSR released their second forecast for the season. They predicted mostly the same numbers as the previous forecast, but raised the number of intense typhoons to 7.[3] PAGASA issued their second and final forecast for the year on July 15, within its seasonal climate outlook for the period Julynbsp;– December.[6] The outlook noted that 5–11 tropical cyclones were expected between July and September, while four to nine were expected to develop or enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility between October and December.[6]

Season summary

The season had a late start, as the first tropical system developed on May 26 after six months of inactivity, making it the fifth latest season for a system to form. Four seasons started later - the 1973, 1983, 1984 and 1998 seasons. Tropical activity throughout the basin became marginally favorable for development, and two tropical depressions developed during June. On July 3, Nepartak became a tropical storm, making it the second-latest first named storm on record.[citation needed] Nepartak's naming tied the record 199-day period (from December 17, 2015 to July 2, 2016) in which a named storm was inactive within the basin (with 1997–98, from December 22, 1997 to July 8, 1998).[1] The season became significantly more active in July with seven depressions and four named storms in the month.

Storms

Tropical Depression 01W

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 26 – May 27
Peak intensity<55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

During May 26, Tropical Depression 01W developed over the northern South China Sea, about 600 km (375 mi)* to the south of Hong Kong, China.[9][10] The system subsequently moved north-westwards and slightly developed further, before it made landfall near Yangjiang in Guangdong, China during the next day.[10] The system subsequently quickly weakened and degenerated into an area of low pressure during May 27.[10] The system brought squally and heavy rain to the Pearl River Delta, including parts of Hong Kong, Macau and Guangdong province, where a bridge was destroyed by flooding and two people were injured.[10][11] At the Macau Ferry Terminal, two passengers were injured as a vessel collided with the terminal, while there was no significant damage reported within Hong Kong.[10]

Tropical Depression Ambo

Tropical depression (JMA)
 
DurationJune 26 – June 28
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1002 hPa (mbar)

During June 26, the JMA and PAGASA reported that Tropical Depression Ambo had developed over the Philippine Sea, about 265 km (165 mi)* to the east of Manila in the Philippines.[12][13]

Shortly thereafter, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA). Concurrently, the PAGASA started to track the system, naming the depression as Ambo.[citation needed] Hours later, Ambo made landfall over Aurora and PAGASA declared that Ambo had weakened to a low-pressure area.[14] After landfall, JTWC cancelled their Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA). During the next day, the system emerged to the South China Sea with a slight intensification before it was last noted by the JMA as it made landfall in China.[citation needed]

Typhoon Nepartak (Butchoy)

Main article: Typhoon Nepartak (2016)
Violent typhoon (JMA)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 2 – July 10
Peak intensity215 km/h (130 mph) (10-min);
900 hPa (mbar)

During the evening of June 30 the JMA began monitoring an area of low pressure over the eastern Caroline Islands.[15] Over the next few days the area of disturbed weather became further organised, and by July 1 it had developed a closed circulation.[16] The JMA upgraded the low pressure area into a tropical depression early on July 2.[17] Under the influence of weak steering currents and warm waters the system moved slowly northwestward. By July 3 the JMA analyzed the depression as a tropical storm and gave it the name Nepartak.[18] During July 3 a tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) to the north of the system moved towards the west, allowing conditions in the immediate area of Nepartak to become more favourable, facilitating steady intensification.[19] Microwave imagery revealed an eye had developed within deep convection late on July 4, leading the JMA and JTWC to upgrade Nepartak to a typhoon soon thereafter on July 5.[20][21] On the same day, PAGASA reported that Nepartak had entered its area of responsibility and assigned it the local name Butchoy.[22][23]

Two people drowned on July 7 after being washed out to sea by strong winds in Taiwan.[24]

Tropical Depression 03W

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 15 – July 20
Peak intensity<55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1006 hPa (mbar)

During July 14, a tropical disturbance developed about 400 km (250 mi)* to the west-northwest of Guam.[25] At this time atmospheric convection surrounding the system was flaring, over the system's weak but developing low level circulation center.[25] However, as a subtropical ridge of high pressure extended a significant amount of dry air over the disturbance, conditions were assessed to be marginally favorable for further development of the system.[25] Over the next couple of days the system gradually developed further as it moved north-westwards and was classified as a tropical depression by the JMA during July 15.[26][27] After the system had consolidated further, it was classified as Tropical Depression 03W by the JTWC during July 17.[28] However, the system weakened during that day as it moved polewards, along the western edge of the subtropical ridge of high pressure, into an area of increasing vertical windshear.[28] As a result, the JTWC expected the system to quickly dissipate and issued their final advisory later that day.[29] However, over the next couple of days the system continued to move northwards, before it was last noted by the JMA during July 20.[30]

Tropical Storm Lupit

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 22 – July 24
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

During July 21, a subtropical disturbance developed at the tailend of a mid-lattiude trough of low pressure, about 775 km (480 mi)* to the east of Iwo-To.[31] Over the next day, deep atmospheric convection developed over the system's elongated low level circulation, before it was classified as a tropical depression by the JMA during July 22.[31][32] Over the next day, as the storm moved north-northeastwards around a subtropical ridge of high pressure, its structure improved as it developed a warm core and consolidated.[33] The hybrid system was subsequently classified as Tropical Storm 04W by the JTWC during July 23, before the JMA named it Lupit later that day.[33] Over the next day, Lupit peaked with sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph), as it went through an extratropical transition and took on frontal characteristics.[34]

Severe Tropical Storm Mirinae

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 25 – July 29
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
985 hPa (mbar)

On July 25, a tropical depression developed in the South China Sea. As the system moved northwestwards and intensified, JMA upgraded the system into a tropical storm and assigned it the name Mirinae.[citation needed] At 22:20 CST (14:20 UTC) on July 26, Mirinae made landfall over Dong'ao, Wanning, Hainan, China.[35] After moving over the Gulf of Tonkin, Mirinae intensified into a severe tropical storm shortly before making landfall in northeastern Vietnam. Fastly weakening afterwards, Mirinae degraded into a remnant low less than twelve hours after landfall.[citation needed]

By July 29, the storm had left five people dead and five others missing. Severe damage to infrastructure was reported in Northern Vietnam, with damage to power lines causing blackouts and power cuts in some areas. Mirinae also sank 12 boats, destroyed the roofs of 1,425 houses and uprooted about 5,000 trees.[36]

Typhoon Nida (Carina)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 28 – August 3
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min);
970 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Nida (2016)

By July 28, the JMA had upgraded a low-pressure area east of the Philippines to a tropical depression.[37] During the next day, PAGASA started to track the system and named it Carina. Late on July 29, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the system into a tropical storm, with the JMA following suit, naming it Nida.[citation needed]

Severe Tropical Storm Omais

Omais
Current storm status
Severe tropical storm  (JMA)
Current storm status
Tropical storm (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:09:00 UTC, August 8
Location:34°48′N 144°00′E / 34.8°N 144.0°E / 34.8; 144.0 (Omais) ± 60 nm
225 nmi (417 km; 259 mi) E of Yokosuka, Japan
Sustained winds:55 kt (65 mph; 100 km/h) (10-min mean)
45 kt (50 mph; 85 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 80 kt (90 mph; 150 km/h)
Pressure:980 hPa (mbar; 28.94 inHg)
Movement:NW at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph)
See more detailed information.

During August 3, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed about 675 km (420 mi)* to the north-northeast of Guam. Over the next day, the system moved towards the northwest within a favorable environment for further development, before the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on the system during August 4. At the same time, they classified the system as a monsoon depression, with bands of atmospheric convection to the south and southeast of the system's ill-defined and broad center. During that day, the JMA named the depression Omais as the system transitioned from being monsoon depression into a tropical storm. As a result of this transition, the JTWC initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Storm 07W.[citation needed]

Tropical Depression

Tropical depression (JMA)
 
DurationAugust 6 – Present
Peak intensity<55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

The JMA upgraded a low-pressure area east of Taiwan to a tropical depression on August 6.[38]

Tropical Depression 08W

08W
Current storm status
Tropical depression  (JMA)
Current storm status
Tropical depression (1-min mean)
As of:06:00 UTC August 8
Location:17°12′N 161°36′E / 17.2°N 161.6°E / 17.2; 161.6 (08W)
344 nmi (637 km; 396 mi) WSW of Wake Island
Sustained winds:30 kt (35 mph; 55 km/h) (10-min mean)
25 kt (30 mph; 45 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 45 kt (50 mph; 85 km/h)
Pressure:1006 mbar (hPa; 29.71 inHg)
Movement:W slowly
See more detailed information.

On August 7, a tropical depression formed west of Wake Island in the afternoon.[39]

Other storms

On June 23, the JMA started to monitor a tropical depression about 650 km west-southwest of Manila, Philippines. The depression briefly continued moving in a slow westward direction until it became stationary over in the South China Sea. Due to unfavorable environments, the JMA stopped tracking the depression on June 25. However, its remnants caused heavy rainfall in Central and Southern Vietnam.[citation needed] Late on July 27, the JMA very briefly monitored a weak tropical depression south of Japan.[40] The JMA also indicated that a tropical depression had formed southeast of Japan in the afternoon on July 28, however it was downgraded to a low-pressure area early on the next day.[37][41]

Storm names

See also: Tropical cyclone naming and History of tropical cyclone naming

Within the Northwest Pacific Ocean, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names.[42] The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee, should they be judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph)*.[43] PAGASA names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it.[42] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired, by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee.[43] Should the list of names for the Philippine region be exhausted then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray.

International names

Main article: List of retired Pacific typhoon names

A tropical cyclone is named when it is judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph)*.[44] The JMA selected the names from a list of 140 names, that had been developed by the 14 members nations and territories of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee.[45] The next 18 names on the naming list are listed here along with their international numeric designation, if they are used.

  • Nepartak (1601)
  • Lupit (1602)
  • Mirinae (1603)
  • Nida (1604)
  • Omais (1605) (active)
  • Conson (unused)
  • Chanthu (unused)
  • Dianmu (unused)
  • Mindulle (unused)
  • Lionrock (unused)
  • Kompasu (unused)
  • Namtheun (unused)
  • Malou (unused)
  • Meranti (unused)
  • Rai (unused)
  • Malakas (unused)
  • Megi (unused)
  • Chaba (unused)

Philippines

This season, PAGASA will use its own naming scheme, that will either develop within or move into their self-defined area of responsibility.[46][47] The names were taken from a list of names, that was last used during 2012 and are scheduled to be used again during 2020.[46] All of the names are the same except for Pepito, which replaced the name Pablo after it was retired.[46]

  • Ambo
  • Butchoy (1601)
  • Carina (1604)
  • Dindo (unused)
  • Enteng (unused)
  • Ferdie (unused)
  • Gener (unused)
  • Helen (unused)
  • Igme (unused)
  • Julian (unused)
  • Karen (unused)
  • Lawin (unused)
  • Marce (unused)
  • Nina (unused)
  • Ofel (unused)
  • Pepito (unused)
  • Quinta (unused)
  • Rolly (unused)
  • Siony (unused)
  • Tonyo (unused)
  • Ulysses (unused)
  • Vicky (unused)
  • Warren (unused)
  • Yoyong (unused)
  • Zosimo (unused)

Auxiliary list

  • Alakdan (unused)
  • Baldo (unused)
  • Clara (unused)
  • Dencio (unused)
  • Estong (unused)
  • Felipe (unused)
  • Gomer (unused)
  • Heling (unused)
  • Ismael (unused)
  • Julio (unused)

Season effects

This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 2016. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA. All damage figures will be in 2016 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical cyclone.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
01W May 26 – 27 Tropical depression Not specified 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) China Unknown None
TD June 23 – 25 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) Philippines, Vietnam None None
Ambo June 26 – 28 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Philippines, China None None
Nepartak
(Butchoy)		 July 2 – 10 Typhoon 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, China $1.52 billion 86 [48][49][50]
03W July 15 – 20 Tropical depression Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) Ryukyu Islands None None
Lupit July 22 – 24 Tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) None None None
Mirinae July 25 – 29 Severe tropical storm 95 km/h (60 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand $190 million 5 [51]
TD July 27 Tropical depression Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) None None None
Nida (Carina) July 28 – August 3 Typhoon 120 km/h (75 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, China, Vietnam $76.9 million 4
TD July 28 – 29 Tropical depression Not specified 1008 hPa (29.76 inHg) None None None
Omais August 3 – Present Severe tropical storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Mariana Islands, Japan None None
TD August 6 – Present Tropical depression Not specified 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Ryukyu Islands None None
08W August 7 – Present Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) None None None
Season aggregates
13 systems May 26 –
Season ongoing		 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) $1.78 billion 95

See also

References

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  40. ^ "Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2016-07-27T18:00:00Z". WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo. Japan Meteorological Agency. July 27, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  41. ^ "Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2016-07-29T00:00:00Z". WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo. Japan Meteorological Agency. July 29, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
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  43. ^ a b The Typhoon Committee (February 21, 2013). "Typhoon Committee Operational Manual 2013". World Meteorological Organization. pp. 37–38. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 28, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  44. ^ http://www.typhooncommittee.org/48th/docs/item%204%20technical%20presentations/4.1.Review2015TyphoonSeason.pdf
  45. ^ Zhou, Xiao; Lei, Xiaotu (2012). "Summary of retired typhoons within the Western North Pacific Ocean". Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. 1 (1). The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific/World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee: 23–32. doi:10.6057/2012TCRR01.03. ISSN 2225-6032. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
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  48. ^ "尼伯特颱風災害應變處置報告第 7 報(結報)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Emergency Operation Center. July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
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  50. ^ ""尼伯特"致福建69死6失踪 直接经济损失近百亿" (in Chinese). China News Service. July 15, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  51. ^ "BÁO CÁO NHANH - Công tác trực ban ngày 01 tháng 8 năm 2016" (docx) (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Committee for Disaster Prevention Conference. August 1, 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
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