Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 31°30′17.6″N 34°27′41.9″E / 31.504889°N 34.461639°E / 31.504889; 34.461639
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== Casualties ==
== Casualties ==
The number of persons killed in the explosion, as well as the cause of the explosion, has not been independently verified.<ref name="Al-Mughrabi" /> Initially, the [[Hamas]]-run [[Gaza Health Ministry]] reported that at least 500 people were killed in the blast, and blamed an Israeli airstrike.<ref name="AJ Ibrahim" /><ref name="AP Jobain" /> Over the following day, different outlets variously gave figures of "200 to 300" and "471" as the death toll reported by the health ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=‘A massacre’: Gaza hospital blast estimated to kill hundreds |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/gaza-hospital-blast-deadliest-war-rcna120849 |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> The director of [[al-Shifa Hospital]] reported that around 350 injured people were brought to his hospital by both ambulances and personal cars.<ref name="AP Jobain" /> ''The Wall Street Journal'' reported that open-source intelligence analyst Blake Spendley's estimated the death toll at 50, based on his review of videos and photos of the scene.<ref name="StancatiWSJ" /> A video geolocated by Bellingcat showed "[a]t least two dozen bodies" in a grassy area near the explosion.<ref name="bellingcat" />
The number of persons killed in the explosion, as well as the cause of the explosion, has not been independently verified.<ref name="Al-Mughrabi" /> Initially, the [[Gaza Health Ministry]] reported that at least 500 people were killed in the blast, and blamed an Israeli airstrike.<ref name="AJ Ibrahim" /><ref name="AP Jobain" /> Over the following day, different outlets variously gave figures of "200 to 300" and "471" as the death toll reported by the health ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=‘A massacre’: Gaza hospital blast estimated to kill hundreds |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/gaza-hospital-blast-deadliest-war-rcna120849 |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> The director of [[al-Shifa Hospital]] reported that around 350 injured people were brought to his hospital by both ambulances and personal cars.<ref name="AP Jobain" /> ''The Wall Street Journal'' reported that open-source intelligence analyst Blake Spendley's estimated the death toll at 50, based on his review of videos and photos of the scene.<ref name="StancatiWSJ" /> A video geolocated by Bellingcat showed "[a]t least two dozen bodies" in a grassy area near the explosion.<ref name="bellingcat" />


IDF spokesman Rear Admiral [[Daniel Hagari]] criticized media outlets for quickly disseminating what he termed as "unverified claims" by Hamas regarding the death toll, stating that it was implausible for Hamas to accurately determine the casualty figures so swiftly after the incident.<ref name="Fabian">{{cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=18 October 2023 |title=IDF releases intercepted Hamas call on hospital explosion |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-releases-intercepted-hamas-call-on-hospital-explosion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018105930/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-releases-intercepted-hamas-call-on-hospital-explosion/ |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023 |publisher=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref>
IDF spokesman Rear Admiral [[Daniel Hagari]] criticized media outlets for quickly disseminating what he termed as "unverified claims" by Hamas regarding the death toll, stating that it was implausible for Hamas to accurately determine the casualty figures so swiftly after the incident.<ref name="Fabian">{{cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=18 October 2023 |title=IDF releases intercepted Hamas call on hospital explosion |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-releases-intercepted-hamas-call-on-hospital-explosion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018105930/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-releases-intercepted-hamas-call-on-hospital-explosion/ |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023 |publisher=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref>

Revision as of 15:55, 19 October 2023

al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion
Part of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
al-Ahli Arab Hospital is located in the Gaza Strip
al-Ahli Arab Hospital
al-Ahli Arab Hospital
class=notpageimage|
Location of the hospital in the Gaza Strip
Date17 October 2023
c. 6:59–7:00 p.m.[1][2]
LocationZeitoun, Gaza, Gaza Strip
Coordinates31°30′17.6″N 34°27′41.9″E / 31.504889°N 34.461639°E / 31.504889; 34.461639
TypeDisputed (misfired rocket or airstrike)
Deaths
Non-fatal injuries314 (Gaza Health Ministry)[3]
AccusedFile:Flag of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.svg Palestinian Islamic Jihad (alleged by Israel and the United States, denied by PIJ)[6][7][8]
Israel Israel (alleged by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad,[9][10] denied by IDF)

On 17 October 2023, an explosion took place in the parking lot in the courtyard of al-Ahli Arab Hospital, located in Gaza City, amid the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, resulting in an unverified number of fatalities and injured.

Around a thousand displaced Palestinians were taking refuge at the hospital, which had already been hit by Israeli missiles three days earlier.[7][11][better source needed] Mohammed Abu Selmia, director of the nearby al-Shifa Hospital, estimated a death toll of 250;[4] a Gaza civil defense chief reported a toll of 300; and spokesmen from the Gaza Health Ministry have variously cited death tolls of "200 to 300"[12] and 471.[13] Two independent analysts have estimated lower death tolls, based on open source intelligence and images of the area affected, showing minimal cratering or structural damage to the buildings.[3]

The Hamas-run Gaza Health Ministry said the explosion was caused by an Israeli airstrike. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) denied the allegation, saying that "intelligence from multiple sources" shows that the explosion was caused by a failed rocket launch by Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[14] An Islamic Jihad spokesman denied responsibility. US President Joe Biden supported Israel's position, citing intelligence from defense officials. There is strong evidence that the explosion was caused by the failure of a Palestinian rocket laden with fuel and independent analysts state that the damage is more consistent with a fireball from a rocket than an Israeli bomb.[15][16]

Background

Ahli Arab Hospital, in operation since 1882, was founded by the Church of England's Church Mission Society,[17] and as of the explosion operated as a nonsectarian hospital managed by the Anglican Diocese of Jerusalem, which reported that it had about 80 beds, and was the only Christian hospital in the Gaza Strip.[18][19]

Thousands of people displaced by the evacuation of the northern Gaza Strip had sought shelter at al-Ahli Arab Hospital to avoid Israeli airstrikes.[20] Two upper floors of the hospital were damaged by Israeli rocket fire late on 14 October,[11] leaving four staff members injured, according to a statement by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby.[18][21][22] Hospital officials said the hospital was struck by a roof knocking missile on Saturday evening, followed by a call from the Israeli army requesting the hospital's evacuation. The army clarified that the initial shells were a warning.[23]

Before the rocket fire on 14 October, the hospital sheltered around 6,000 displaced persons; subsequently many of them fled, with around 1,000 remaining in the courtyard.[7]

On 16 October, Israel ordered at least 20 hospitals in Gaza, including al-Ahli Arab Hospital, to evacuate.[24][25][26] Because of insufficient beds at hospitals already over capacity in the southern Gaza Strip and no means of transporting certain patients, such as newborns in incubators or patients on ventilators, the evacuation orders were widely regarded as impossible to comply with.[24][25][26][27]

Prior to the explosion at the hospital, the World Health Organization said Israel had attacked health facilities in the Gaza Strip 51 times, killing 15 hospital workers and injuring 27 others, since 7 October.[28][29]

Throughout the day on 17 October, Hamas published numerous posts on its Telegram channels providing updates on rocket attacks aimed at Israeli territory.[3]

Explosion

The explosion occurred in a parking lot in the courtyard at 6:59 p.m. local time,[3][30] creating orange plumes on the horizon.[3][31] A video captured the explosion's first sounds, described as a "whirring noise."[31] Local reports of the explosion were reported between 7 p.m. and 7:20 p.m.[3]

The explosion did not cause significant damage to surrounding buildings.[2] Scorch marks and fire-damaged vehicles, including one vehicle that was flipped over, were observed in the parking lot at the explosion site the following day.[2][32] A crater at the impact site was described as "fairly shallow".[3]

Médecins Sans Frontières said that the ceiling of the operating room caved in.[33]

The cause of the explosion has not been confirmed.[2][3]

Casualties

The number of persons killed in the explosion, as well as the cause of the explosion, has not been independently verified.[13] Initially, the Gaza Health Ministry reported that at least 500 people were killed in the blast, and blamed an Israeli airstrike.[9][10] Over the following day, different outlets variously gave figures of "200 to 300" and "471" as the death toll reported by the health ministry.[34] The director of al-Shifa Hospital reported that around 350 injured people were brought to his hospital by both ambulances and personal cars.[10] The Wall Street Journal reported that open-source intelligence analyst Blake Spendley's estimated the death toll at 50, based on his review of videos and photos of the scene.[5] A video geolocated by Bellingcat showed "[a]t least two dozen bodies" in a grassy area near the explosion.[32]

IDF spokesman Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari criticized media outlets for quickly disseminating what he termed as "unverified claims" by Hamas regarding the death toll, stating that it was implausible for Hamas to accurately determine the casualty figures so swiftly after the incident.[35]

Analysis

BBC Verify spoke to a number of experts to establish whether publicly available evidence could establish the cause of the explosion. Some experts said they could not form a view on what occurred, while two experts[a] said that the evidence was inconsistent with an Israeli airstrike or warhead damage, and that evidence was consistent with an explosion caused by rocket fuel.[2] Security experts said that the preliminary evidence suggests that a Palestinian rocket fired inside Gaza caused the explosion.[5][36]

While Al Jazeera initially stated that it was an Israeli airstrike, it has also remarked that they have been unable to independently verify Palestinian or Israeli accounts of the event.[37][38] The Guardian initially reported that "the scale of the blast appeared to be outside either of the militant groups' capabilities."[39]

The death toll asserted by the Gazan Health Ministry was not independently verified as of October 18.[40] The New York Times, after reviewing video footage and witness accounts, said there were "scores" of bodies in the hospital's courtyard and the number of casualties was "high".[40] One analyst cast doubt on the death toll figure from the Gazan Health Ministry, citing the limited shock-wave damage and the small size of the open area. Blake Spendley opined that, based on a review of imagery at the scene, a death toll of 50 was more likely than the death toll of 500 that the Gaza Health Ministry states.[5]

Bronk said that while not conclusive, "an airstrike looks less likely than a rocket failure causing an explosion and fuel fire."[5] Independent open-source intelligence (OSINT) groups and analysts interviewed by The Telegraph, including Evan Hill, an OSINT investigator for The Washington Post,[36] as well as the The Independent, agreed.[41]

India Today's OSINT Team analyzed the footage and images of the explosion as well as the aftermath as well as comparing the explosion site to previous aerial bombings by Israel. India Today reported that the visual evidence does not match previous aerial bombings by Israel but that a more detailed investigation would be needed for a conclusive verdict.[42]

The Guardian quoted Marc Garlasco as saying that the crater at the blast site required kinetic energy inconsistent with a Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) aerial bomb, and was also inconsistent with an airstrike, concluding that it was "more likely to be a weapon that failed and released its payload over a wide area."[3] In an interview with PBS Garlasco also referred to an unusual amount of fire damage, pointing to a long period of burn which, according to him, is also inconsistent with the way standard military munitions work.[43] Bellingcat noted that one of the images the IDF spokesman used to demonstrate there was no crater did in fact show what appeared to be a crater, and also quoted Garlasco's analysis.[32]

Channel 4 News noted that the trajectory of the missile that appeared on Al Jazeera Live is inconsistent with the missile launching location claimed by IDF and noted a contradiction in IDF claims on the location of the launching site of the alleged Palestinian missile that hit the hospital in their presentation. It also noted that that the explosion site contained only small craters, that buildings surrounding the explosion site were only superficially damaged (and did not structurally collapse), and some of the windows of a nearby church were undamaged. Channel 4 reported that these facts make it "unlikely" that the cause of the explosion was a ground-detonating Israeli missile strike, although it does not rule out an air-burst explosion. Channel 4 also reported that although Palestinian Islamic Jihad had claimed to have recovered a warhead, but they have not produced it.[30]

On 19 October, Al Jazeera published its analysis where it rejected the Israeli claims of the event.[44][45]

Israeli position

Hananya Naftali, a digital aide to Israeli PM Netanyahu,[46] posted on X that the "Israeli Air Force struck a Hamas terrorist base inside a hospital in Gaza." This was soon deleted, accompanied later by a message stating the information was from a Reuters report that "falsely stated Israel struck the hospital." In his later message, he stated, "As the [Israeli army] does not bomb hospitals, I assumed Israel was targeting one of the Hamas bases in Gaza."[46]

The Israeli Defense Forces said the cause of the blast was a misfired rocket targeting the Israeli city of Haifa and launched by Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), a Palestinian militant group allied with Hamas.[6][7] Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari of the IDF Spokesperson's Unit said that intelligence indicated that PIJ had launched a barrage of rockets near the hospital, and shared drone-collected aerial photography that he said was inconsistent with Israeli munitions.[10]

The IDF also published audio that it says contains intercepted discussions among militants saying that their misfired rocket caused the explosion.[35] BBC Verify said that it could not verify the recording.[2] Channel 4 News spoke to two Arab journalists who said that the recording did not appear authentic, because the "language, accent, dialect, syntax and tone" were not "credible" with it being a conversation between Islamic militants.[30]

On 18 October, the IDF released drone footage, which it said showed the hospital before and after the explosion. The annotated video showed burned vehicles in the hospital parking lot, and noted the apparent lack of a crater or significant structural damage to surrounding buildings. The IDF said these attributes were inconsistent with the aftermath of Israeli munition strikes.[47]

Following the explosion, the official Israel Twitter account published a statement saying that the attack was the result of an enemy rocket.[48][49][50] Attached to the tweet was footage, presumed to be proof of the rocket coming from Gaza.[48][51][49] Aric Toler, a journalist on the visual investigations team of the The New York Times, noted that the timestamps on the video were at least 40 minutes after the explosion was known to have occurred. Shortly after, the Israeli government Twitter account edited the tweet, removing the video from it.[48][9][52] The IDF said it was not involved with the video, and attributed it to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[49]

Palestinian position

Palestinian Islamic Jihad has denied responsibility,[13] blaming Israel for the explosion and drawing attention to the fact that Israel had also hit this hospital on October 14 and previously ordered its evacuation.[53]

American position

U.S. President Joe Biden supported the Israeli account of events, and referred to Pentagon intelligence sources that indicate the explosion was caused by an Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) rocket misfire.[5]

U.S. officials stated that the U.S. had collected "high confidence" signals intelligence indicating that PIJ was responsible.[5] Adrienne Watson, a spokesperson for the United States National Security Council, stated that "While we continue to collect information, our current assessment, based on analysis of overhead imagery, intercepts and open-source information, is that Israel is not responsible for the explosion at the hospital in Gaza yesterday." Other U.S. intelligence officials concurred, adding the analysis was still preliminary and investigations would continue.[54]

Blake Spendley of CNA,[b] said that "At the moment, the preponderance of evidence does point to it being a Hamas or PIJ rocket hitting the area."[5]

Aftermath

The explosion sparked protests in a number of countries, including Canada, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Qatar, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Yemen. In Ramallah and other cities in the West Bank, protestors chanted against Mahmoud Abbas and threw stones, leading to police using tear gas and stun grenades in an attempt to disperse protestors. Thousands of protestors marched outside the Israeli Consulate in Istanbul to protest against the war,[9] and in Jordan, protestors attempted to storm the Israeli embassy.[57] The US and French embassies in Beirut also faced protests aimed at their support for Israel.[9]

A quadrilateral summit between King Abdullah II, Mahmoud Abbas, the Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, and Joe Biden was canceled after Jordan annulled it and Abbas withdrew from it.[9][58]

News coverage of the event changed quickly, with conflicting reports from Gazan, Israeli and American sources.[59]

Reactions

Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas declared three days of mourning following the deadly event and canceled a planned meeting with US President Joe Biden.[9][10] Biden stated that he was "outraged and deeply saddened by the explosion", but did not immediately attribute blame for the incident, stating instead that the US would investigate the event.[9][60] Biden subsequently said at a meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that, "Based on what I've seen, it appears as though it was done by the other team, not you".[61][62] Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau described the explosion as "horrible" and "unacceptable", but did not assign blame.[9] The Director-General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, condemned the alleged attack.[9] The secretary-general of the United Nations, António Guterres, said that he was "horrified by the killing of hundreds of Palestinian civilians in a strike on a hospital".[26] UN human rights chief, Volker Türk, condemned the "totally unacceptable" and "horrific" strike and demanded accountability.[63] Médecins Sans Frontières said it was "horrified" by the "Israeli bombing",[64] and called it a "massacre."[33] The Red Cross was "shocked and horrified" by the reports.[7]

Hezbollah said the blast was an Israeli "massacre" and called for a "day of rage" on 18 October against Israel and Biden's pending visit to the Middle East.[65] Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, and Turkey also condemned the alleged attack,[58][9][66] while Qatar condemned what they described as "a dangerous escalation".[58] Saudi Arabia condemned "the forces of the occupation"[67] for the alleged attack, which it described as a "heinous crime".[9][68] Russia and the United Arab Emirates called for an urgent meeting of the UN Security Council. The King of Jordan, Abdullah II, said that the Middle East was "on the brink of falling into the abyss" amid fears that the conflict could escalate into a wider war involving other armed groups.[9] Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi vowed a "harsh response" to what happened.[69] Turkey also declared three days of mourning for the victims of the explosion.[70]

Israeli President Isaac Herzog condemned Palestinian Islamic Jihad, writing, "Shame on the vile terrorists in Gaza who wilfully spill the blood of the innocent." Herzog said that accusations that Israel caused the blast were "a 21st-century blood libel."[71] The day before the explosion, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office published a post on X quoting his own speech in the Knesset and saying, "This is a struggle between the children of light and the children of darkness, between humanity and the law of the jungle."[72] The post was deleted without explanation around the same time as news of the explosion emerged.[72]

Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar, UAE, Oman, Egypt, Algeria, Lebanon, Egypt, Algeria and Libya condemned the explosions as attacks, and accused Israeli forces of bombing the hospital.[73][74][75][76] The UAE condemned the explosions as Israeli attacks, and demanded an "immediate cessation of hostilities". The Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan denounced the bombing as "the latest example of Israeli attacks devoid of the most basic human values." The Chairperson of the African Union Commission denounced the IDF attack as a "war crime" and demanded that other countries stop what they said was Israeli aggression.[73][74][75][76]

Caretaker Prime Minister Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan condemned the IDF as the perpetrators of the attack. They described the attack as "inhumane and indefensible" and asserted that IDF targeting of civilians and medical personnel were "war crimes". Kakar denounced IDF military operations as a "campaign of terror"; and the Foreign Ministry demanded global action to swiftly stop "Israeli bombardment and siege of Gaza".[77][78][79]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ J. Andres Gannon at Vanderbilt University and Justin Bronk at Royal United Services Institute
  2. ^ US federally funded nonprofit, primarily through the US Department of Defense[55][56]

References

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  22. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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