Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey: Difference between revisions

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==Activities during the campaign==
==Activities during the campaign==
===Advocacy by territory and local governments===
===Advocacy by territory and local governments===
The [[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly]] and several local governments such as the [[City of Sydney]] took official positions supporting the "yes" campaign<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/act-same-sex-marriage-campaign-to-cost-45000-20170824-gy32qs.html|title=ACT same-sex marriage campaign to cost $45,000|author=Burdon, Daniel|date=24 August 2017|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|accessdate=26 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Karp|first1=Paul|title=City of Sydney to urge yes vote in marriage equality survey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/29/city-of-sydney-to-urge-yes-vote-in-marriage-equality-survey|accessdate=2 September 2017|work=The Guardian|date=28 August 2017}}</ref> and public servants in the ACT were warned against campaigning in the survey whilst in official uniform.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/act-news/act-public-servants-warned-against-campaign-in-samesex-marriage-postal-vote-in-uniform-20170823-gy22qg.html|title=ACT public servants warned against campaigning in same-sex marriage postal vote in uniform|author=Burgess, Katie|date=24 August 2017|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|accessdate=24 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/the-acts-new-rainbow-buses-revealed-to-promote-samesex-marriage-yes-case-20170829-gy67dy.html|title=The ACT's new rainbow buses revealed to promote same-sex marriage 'yes' case|author=Burgess, Katie|date=29 August 2017|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|accessdate=29 August 2017}}</ref> The move to offer offical support was criticised by some opposition members in the ACT, and such criticisms lead to the [[City of Darebin]] backing down on plans to restrict "no" campaigners from using council facilities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.9news.com.au/national/2017/08/17/19/45/marriage-equality-canberra-act-government|title=Criticism after 'yes' same-sex marriage campaign dips into taxpayer money|author=Larouche, Emma|date=17 August 2017|work=9News|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="darebin2">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/north/darebin-council-backs-down-on-plans-to-oppose-no-side-in-samesex-marriage-debate/news-story/7fbe665e0b4f4ea6f39923889641457d|title=Darebin Council backs down on plans to oppose ‘no’ side in same-sex marriage debate|author=Gardiner, Ed|date=22 August 2017|work=[[Herald Sun]]|accessdate=24 August 2017}}</ref>
The [[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly]] and several local governments such as the [[City of Sydney]] took official positions supporting the "Yes" campaign.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/act-same-sex-marriage-campaign-to-cost-45000-20170824-gy32qs.html|title=ACT same-sex marriage campaign to cost $45,000|author=Burdon, Daniel|date=24 August 2017|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|accessdate=26 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Karp|first1=Paul|title=City of Sydney to urge yes vote in marriage equality survey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/29/city-of-sydney-to-urge-yes-vote-in-marriage-equality-survey|accessdate=2 September 2017|work=The Guardian|date=28 August 2017}}</ref> Public servants in the ACT were warned against campaigning in the survey whilst in official uniform.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/act-news/act-public-servants-warned-against-campaign-in-samesex-marriage-postal-vote-in-uniform-20170823-gy22qg.html|title=ACT public servants warned against campaigning in same-sex marriage postal vote in uniform|author=Burgess, Katie|date=24 August 2017|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|accessdate=24 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/the-acts-new-rainbow-buses-revealed-to-promote-samesex-marriage-yes-case-20170829-gy67dy.html|title=The ACT's new rainbow buses revealed to promote same-sex marriage 'yes' case|author=Burgess, Katie|date=29 August 2017|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|accessdate=29 August 2017}}</ref> The move to offer offical support was criticised by some opposition members in the ACT, and similar criticisms lead to the [[City of Darebin]] backing down on plans to restrict "No" campaigners from using council facilities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.9news.com.au/national/2017/08/17/19/45/marriage-equality-canberra-act-government|title=Criticism after 'yes' same-sex marriage campaign dips into taxpayer money|author=Larouche, Emma|date=17 August 2017|work=9News|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="darebin2">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/north/darebin-council-backs-down-on-plans-to-oppose-no-side-in-samesex-marriage-debate/news-story/7fbe665e0b4f4ea6f39923889641457d|title=Darebin Council backs down on plans to oppose ‘no’ side in same-sex marriage debate|author=Gardiner, Ed|date=22 August 2017|work=[[Herald Sun]]|accessdate=24 August 2017}}</ref>


===Advocacy within organisations===
===Advocacy within organisations===

Revision as of 10:48, 27 September 2017

Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey
Duration12 September – 7 November 2017 (2017-09-12 – 2017-11-07)
LocationAustralia
TypeSurvey
Budget$122 million
Organised byAustralian Bureau of Statistics
ParticipantsAdults on the electoral roll
OutcomeResult announced 15 November 2017
Websitemarriagesurvey.abs.gov.au

The Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey is a national voluntary survey to gauge support for legalising same-sex marriage being held in Australia via the postal service between 12 September and 7 November 2017. Unlike electoral voting, which is compulsory in Australia, responding to the survey is voluntary.

A survey form, instructions, and a reply-paid envelope have been mailed out by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) to every Australian on the electoral roll asking them to answer the question "Should the law be changed to allow same-sex couples to marry?" The ABS has outlined processes to ensure eligible Australians lacking access to post can participate.[1]

The survey result is non-binding on the government if a majority vote "Yes". In the event of a majority "No" result, the Turnbull Government (the federal government of Australia since September 2015) will not allow a parliamentary debate nor vote on legalising same-sex marriage, maintaining the status quo. In the event of a majority "Yes" result, as predicted in opinion polling, the government has pledged to facilitate the introduction of a private member's bill to legalise same-sex marriage. This would allow a parliamentary debate and vote in which parliamentarians would be free to vote their conscience, potentially leading to, although still not guaranteeing, the legalisation of same-sex marriage. Many same-sex marriage proponents were critical of the postal survey, viewing it as a costly delay compared to the onset of a conscience vote on same-sex marriage in the parliament.[2]

The survey was subject to legal challenges questioning the authority of the ABS to lawfully carry out the survey and whether the government had the legal right to fund the cost of the survey from funds designated by law for circumstances which are “urgent” and “unforeseen”. Both legal challenges failed, with the High Court of Australia finding the survey was lawful.

Adults on the electoral roll in Australia as of 24 August 2017 are eligible to participate. By this date 98,000 new voters had been added to the roll and the roll was at a record high. Survey forms were distributed from 12 September with the ABS encouraging returns promptly (preferably to be received before 27 October to ensure sufficient processing time). The official survey close is 7 November and the results of the survey will be released on 15 November 2017.

Background

History

See also: History of same-sex marriage in Australia

Same-sex unions in Australia are treated as de facto unions under federal law. These unions provide couples with most, though not all, of the legal rights of marriage, but do not have the same symbolic significance.[3][4]

Prior to the July 2016 federal election, the Coalition Turnbull Government promised to hold a national vote on same-sex marriage in the form of a compulsory plebiscite.[5]

While the Coalition won half the seats in the lower house in the 2016 election and managed to form a majority government by one seat, they failed to pass the necessary legislation for a (compulsory attendance) referendum/plebiscite. The legislation passed the House of Representatives on 20 October 2016 by a vote of 76–67, but was rejected by the Senate on 7 November 2016 by a vote of 33–29.[6][7] The idea of a postal plebiscite was originally proposed by Warren Entsch and later endorsed by Peter Dutton and Mathias Cormann.[8] Dutton pointed out that a postal vote would not need legislation to operate.[9] In August 2017, following an attempt by five Liberal Party MPs to change party policy and have a free vote in the parliament on same-sex marriage legislation,[10] the government announced it would move for a voluntary postal survey to be held later that year.[11] It was stated that this would only occur in the event the government's (compulsory) referendum/plebiscite legislation was again rejected by the Senate. That occurred on 9 August 2017, when a government-initiated motion in the Senate to debate the Plebiscite (Same-Sex Marriage) Bill 2016 was tied at 31–31; resulting in the motion being defeated.[12]

Following the result in the Senate, the government directed the Australian Statistician to begin the process of collecting statistical information on a voluntary basis, from all Australians on the electoral roll, as to their views on same-sex marriage.[13] The government asserted that this proposal did not require legislative approval from the parliament, arguing that the provisions of the Appropriations Act and the law governing the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) enabled it to use the ABS for such a purpose.[14] This has been argued by the government to be similar to the process by which God Save the Queen was replaced by Advance Australia Fair as the Australian national anthem.[15] The government announced the ABS would be assisted by having staff seconded from the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC), the organisation responsible for elections in Australia and managing the electoral roll.[16] The cost of the survey to the Australian taxpayer is forecast to be $122 million.[11] This expense, as well as the likelihood that the debate would activate ideological extremists and that normal electoral rules would not apply, were criticised in Parliament.[17] By 7 September, a total of $14.1 million had already been spent by the ABS on the postal survey – $8 million on advertising for the survey, $5.3 million on printing costs, and $600,000 for staff.[18]

The AEC reported that approximately 68,000 enrolment transactions were completed on 10 August, compared with an average of 4,000 per day.[19] In the period 8–14 August over 16,000 people had enrolled, and over 200,000 have updated their details.[20] By 20 August, over 36,000 had enrolled, and over 434,000 had updated their enrolment details.[21] By 22 August, over 54,000 had enrolled.[22] By 25 August the roll achieved a record high with over 16 million Australians on the roll (an additional 90,000 people had joined with a further 165,000 transactions still to be processed).[23] 65,000 of these new voters are between the ages of 18 and 24.[24] With 933,592 enrolment transactions completed by the AEC at the end of processing, it added 98,000 people to the roll with the total number of eligible Australians for the survey being 16,005,998.[25]

The Senate Finance and Public Administration References Committee opened a Public Inquiry into the arrangements around the postal survey on 14 August[26] with evidence given by the ABS at hearings on 17 August.[27] Further hearings involving the ABS, AEC, Australia Post, Department of Finance and Department of Human Services occurred on 7 September[28] and 15 September 2017.[29]

Key dates

Key dates relating to the survey are:[30][31]

  • 24 August 2017: The final day for citizens to update or add their name and details to the electoral roll in order to receive a survey form
  • 12 September 2017: Survey forms begin to be mailed out to all Australian voters over a two week period
  • 25 September 2017: The date all survey forms are expected to have arrived, and eligible Australians can commence ordering replacement materials (for those lost or spoilt). The paperless options (online form and IVR telephony survey option) open.
  • 20 October 2017: Requests for replacement material closes (6pm local time)
  • 27 October 2017: The date all eligible Australians will be strongly encouraged to return their form by
  • 7 November 2017 (6pm EST): Responses received after this date will not be processed
  • 15 November 2017: Statistics and integrity report released to the public

The result of the survey (including participation rates) will be released at a national level, at a state and territory level and at an electorate level.[1]

Legal challenges

When the idea of a postal plebiscite/vote was first raised in August, several legal experts warned of concerns regarding the capacity for such an event to be held without parliamentary approval through enactment of specific legislation.[32]

Constitutional expert George Williams described the proposal of the postal survey as a "poorly constructed vote for which [the government] doesn't have the correct [legal] procedures".[33] Anne Twomey, a constitutional law expert from the University of Sydney expressed scepticism over the role of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in the survey, stating that "the power of the ABS is to collect statistics...rather than opinions. Someone might therefore challenge it on the ground that it does not fall within the legislative functions of the ABS".[33] Both experts further doubted the capacity of the Finance Minister to allocate the necessary funding ($122 million) to the ABS, considering that such a non-legislated advance to a department can only be made in "urgent" and "unforeseen circumstances".[33][34] Some constitutional law experts said the survey was likely to be struck down by the courts because "[g]iven the long-running debate on same-sex marriage, it is far from obvious that it fits into these [urgent and unforseen] categories."[35]

The government refused to release to the public the legal advice it received, though Attorney-General George Brandis stated in an interview with the ABC 7.30 program that "we have acted on Solicitor-General's advice in which we are confident".[36] During court proceedings, the government revealed it was investigating ways to continue with the postal survey even if the legal challenges were successful.[18]

Two legal challenges were lodged contesting the legality of the survey with the High Court of Australia, both on the grounds of unlawful funding from legally-specified funds and unlawful operation by the ABS. The High Court agreed to hear arguments in its cases on 5 and 6 September 2017 without ordering any temporary injunction.[37][38]

An additional complaint was lodged by a 17-year-old boy with the Australian Human Rights Commission in August 2017, on the basis that the rules did not allow provisionally enrolled 16- and 17-year-old Australians the right to participate in the survey.[39][40] The complaint could have lead to a federal court case to argue for the right of about 50,000 Australians aged 16 and 17 on the electoral roll to vote, however the boy dropped his complaint on 22 September, after a Greens amendment to the Marriage Law Survey (Additional Safeguards) Act 2017 was rejected by the Parliament earlier in the month.[41] Legal counsel to the boy advised that the rejected amendment would make the age discrimination complaint much more difficult to argue, because parliament had considered and rejected extending the vote to enrolled 16- and 17-year-olds.[41]

Argent-Marlowe-Wilkie challenge

Same-sex marriage advocates Shelley Argent (national spokeswoman of Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays) and Felicity Marlowe (member of Rainbow Families), along with independent MP Andrew Wilkie, announced they would challenge the postal survey in the High Court on 9 August 2017 and seek a temporary injunction.[42][43] The Argent-Marlowe-Wilkie challenge is against the Commonwealth of Australia, Mathias Cormann, Scott Morrison, David Kalisch and Tom Rogers, the electoral commissioner.[44] In the government's submissions to this court challenge the government responded that "[i]t is not correct to characterise the activity [of participation in the survey] as a vote."[45] The court questioned the validity of Wilkie's claim to standing on the case by virtue of his being a member of Parliament, but did not challenge Marlowe's claim to standing as being in a same-sex relationship.[46] Solicitor-General Stephen Donaghue, for the government, argued that this was not enough for Marlowe to bring the case.[47]

Australian Marriage Equality-Rice challenge

On 10 August, the Human Rights Law Centre filed a legal action on behalf of Australian Marriage Equality and Greens Senator Janet Rice.[48][49][50] The Australian Marriage Equality-Rice challenge is against Cormann and Kalisch, and argues that the provisions used by Cormann to finance the survey can only be used for ordinary government business.[44]

High Court ruling

The High Court handed down a summary ruling in both cases on 7 September 2017. The court determined that the survey was lawful, allowing it to proceed as scheduled.[51][52] The challengers have been ordered to pay costs, and the court's full legal decision will be published in the coming weeks.[53]

Survey process

The survey is being conducted on a voluntary basis, with no requirement on the part of the eligible Australian to mail back the survey form. This has led to concerns over a potentially low voter turnout/response rate and the prospect of Indigenous Australians in remote communities being unable to complete a survey.[54][55] Concern had been expressed regarding: electors who do not have their addresses visible on the electoral roll;[56] disenfranchisement in remote communities;[57] Australians overseas;[58] prisoners;[59] non-English speakers;[60] and young people.[61][62] Early criticism was also levelled at issues of privacy, citing the recent census problems of 2016.[63] The ABS has advised survey responses will be anonymous and protected under the secrecy provisions of the Census and Statistics Act 1905.[64] Former Privacy Commissioner Malcolm Crompton has independently reviewed ABS's privacy approaches and mitigations and announced he is satisfied.[65] The ABS has worked to address concerns with special strategies like paperless options (telephony and online form) and form drop off and pick up points in remote and capital city locations[66] and advising Australians can also authorise a "trusted person" to complete the survey on their behalf.[1] For those who can not complete a survey for themselves, the Chief Minister of the ACT, Andrew Barr has offered to be a "trusted person", if authorised, to complete a survey on their behalf.[67][68] There will be auditors and an external observer process to assure integrity of the process. The ABS will also publish a quality and integrity report.[1] The ABS has contacted online sellers to ask them to remove ads by people offering to sell their postal survey or answer, and has indicated that selling an answer would probably be an offence under the Census and Statistics Act 1905 or the Commonwealth Criminal Code.[69] The Digital Transformation Agency has assisted the ABS with the paperless options for the survey, and unauthorised anonymous staff claim that due to the compressed timescale of the survey, the normal tests have not been completed, including enough user testing.[70]

Unlike elections or referendums, there are no automatic special regulations relating to advertising requirements or prohibited content for the survey of the kind found in the Electoral Act.[71] Consequently, the Government and Opposition engaged in negotiations to introduce legislation designed to replicate these type of regulations, as well as create measures to prevent vilification, intimidation, or threats to cause harm on the basis of the sexual orientation, gender identity, intersex status or the religious convictions of someone during the survey period.[72] On 13 September, the government introduced the Marriage Law Survey (Additional Safeguards) Bill 2017 for these purposes in the Senate.[73] The bill passed the Senate, after an amendment moved by Greens leader Richard Di Natale to allow 16- and 17-year-olds the right to participate in the survey was defeated. The bill immediately proceeded to and was passed by the House of Representatives.[73] The bill received royal assent on 13 September and went into effect the following day.[73][74] The Act automatically expires on 15 November 2017.[74] Neither the "Yes" or "No" campaign will receive public funding in the survey, as was envisioned for a compulsory attendance plebiscite.[75] Prime Minister Turnbull also ruled out a ban on foreign donations for the survey.[76]

All Australians whose names are on the electoral roll or have applied to be put on the roll before 24 August 2017 were mailed a survey form and enrolled Australians living overseas along with those in certain special categories are entitled to complete a survey using paperless methods.[77][78] The AEC made a statement that provisionally-enrolled 16- and 17-year-olds will not be posted the survey[79] and to be absolutely clear an amended direction was issued by Government to the Australian Statistician making clear only those 18 or older on 24 August are eligible.[80] This direction was subject to a Human Rights Commission complaint by a 17-year-old boy, which was later withdrawn.[81][41]

More than 16 million letters were sent from 13 September over almost two weeks (with all delivered by 25 September)[82] and silent electors' packages were sent by AEC (and due to be delivered by end September).[83] After several "yes" respondents posted images of their complete forms on social media, the ABS cautioned participants to not photograph their form barcodes, so as to prevent any fraudulent conduct. Additionally, survey forms can be invalidated in the event the question is rephrased by the participant.[84] The ABS issued several examples of what constitutes a valid and invalid response, such as marking both boxes ("Yes and "No") or crossing out one of the words on the form.[85] The ABS has advised that if an extra form addressed to a previous resident arrives because someone did not update their electoral details, the unofficial recipient should write on the front "return to sender" and send it back.[86] If multiple responses are received from an individual, only the last valid response will be counted by the ABS.[87] The ABS confirmed on 25 September that all survey forms had been mailed to eligible voters and outlined the process for additional forms to be sent to people who did not receive or lost their form.[88] The ABS also confirmed changing your mind is not a valid reason for requesting a new form.[89]

Question

Sample image of the survey form

The survey form asks respondents:

"Should the law be changed to allow same-sex couples to marry?"[90]

Legislation proposed

The government did not release a draft bill legalising same-sex marriage prior to the survey, which led to uncertainty over what form legislation would take in the event of a 'yes' verdict.[91] The wording of an exposure draft of a same-sex marriage bill from early 2017, released by the Attorney-General's office, proposed to amend the definition of "marriage" and replace the terms "man" and "woman" with the gender neutral phrase "two people".[92] The proposed wording "two people" differs from the wording of the survey question, which refers explicitly to "same-sex couples".[93][94]

Support and opposition

Main article: Endorsements in the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey

Party positions in a parliamentary vote

These are official positions held by political parties in Australian Parliament in regard to the issue of same-sex marriage itself. The Australian Labor Party official position is in support of same-sex marriage, though any MPs and Senators will not be bound to campaign and vote for it in Parliament up until 2019.[95] The Liberal Party position in regard to same-sex marriage is to hold a plebiscite of some kind before any change to the law is made; no official position has been adopted on the survey itself, hence Liberal MPs (including Cabinet members) are free to campaign and vote for either campaign,[96] and all politicians may use their electoral printing and communications budget to campaign.[97] MPs may, in the event of a vote, choose to vote according to how their individual electorates respond to the survey, or according to how the national result turns out, or according to their own consciences.[98]

Position Political parties Ref
Yes style="background-color: Template:Australian Greens/meta/color" | Australian Greens [99]
style="background-color: Template:Australian Labor Party/meta/color" | Labor Party* [100]
style="background-color: Template:Nick Xenophon Team/meta/color" | Nick Xenophon Team [101]
style="background-color: Template:Derryn Hinch's Justice Party/meta/color" | Derryn Hinch's Justice Party [102]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Democratic Party (Australia)/meta/color" | Liberal Democratic Party [103]
No Australian Conservatives [104]
style="background-color: Template:National Party of Australia/meta/color" | National Party [96]
style="background-color: Template:Katter's Australian Party/meta/color" | Katter's Australian Party [105]
Neutral style="background-color: Template:Jacqui Lambie Network/meta/color" | Jacqui Lambie Network [106]
style="background-color: Template:Liberal Party of Australia/meta/color" | Liberal Party* [96]
style="background-color: Template:One Nation/meta/color" | One Nation* [107]
*Conscience vote allowed for MPs.

"Yes" campaign

The campaign for supporting voting in favour of same-sex marriage in the survey has received support from Labor,[108] the Liberals and Nationals for yes campaign,[109] and four minor political parties represented in the Federal parliament, and from prominent lobby groups including Australian Marriage Equality and GetUp!.[110][111]

"No" campaign

The campaign advocating voting against changing the current marriage laws in the survey is supported by the Nationals[96] and three minor parties represented in the Federal parliament. Several groups opposed to same-sex marriage, including the Australian Christian Lobby and the Marriage Alliance, have formed the Coalition for Marriage to co-ordinate the "No" campaign.[112][113][114]

Neutral

The Liberal Party of Australia does not hold a position either way in the survey.[96]

Public opinion

Main article: Public opinion of same-sex marriage in Australia

Opinion polls in Australia over several years have indicated a comfortable majority of Australians support same-sex marriage.[115][116][117][118] A Guardian Essential poll conducted just prior to the announcement of the postal survey indicated that 43% approved of a postal vote and 38% disapproved,[119] whereas a week later, 39% approved of the postal survey and 47% disapproved of it.[120]

Voting intentions

Date Firm Yes No Undecided Sample size
22–25 September 2017 Essential[121][122] 58% 33% 9% 1,803
21–24 September 2017 Newspoll[123] 57% 34% 9% 1,695
15–18 September 2017 Essential[124][125] 55% 34% 11% 1,808
14–18 September 2017 YouGov[126][127] 59% 33% 9% 1,056
6–9 September 2017 Ipsos[128] 70% — — 1,400
28 Aug – 6 Sept 2017 Newgate Research[129] 58.4% 31.4% 10.2% 800
1–4 September 2017 Essential[130][131] 59% 31% 11% 1,784
17–22 August 2017 Essential[132][133] 57% 32% 11% 1,817
17–21 August 2017 YouGov[134] 59% 33% 8% 1,012
17–20 August 2017 Newspoll[135][136] 63% 30% 7% 1,675

Likelihood of voting in the survey

Date Firm Voted already Definitely will Probably will Probably won't Definitely won't Undecided Sample size Notes
22–25 September 2017 Essential[121][122] 36% 45% 8% 1% 2% 5% 1,803
21–24 September 2017 Newspoll[123] 15% 67% 7% 2% 2% 7% 1,695 [N 1]
15–18 September 2017 Essential[124][125] 9% 62% 12% 2% 3% 8% 1,808
6–9 September 2017 Ipsos[128] – 65% — — — — 1,400
1–4 September 2017 Essential[130][131] – 62% 16% 4% 3% 10% 1,784
23 August 2017 ReachTEL[137] – 78.7% 10% 4.1% 7.2% – 2,382 [N 2]
17–22 August 2017 Essential[132] – 63% 18% 4% 6% 9% 1,817
17–20 August 2017 Newspoll[135] – 67% 15% 4% 3% 11% 1,675 [N 3]

Activities during the campaign

Advocacy by territory and local governments

The Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly and several local governments such as the City of Sydney took official positions supporting the "Yes" campaign.[138][139] Public servants in the ACT were warned against campaigning in the survey whilst in official uniform.[140][141] The move to offer offical support was criticised by some opposition members in the ACT, and similar criticisms lead to the City of Darebin backing down on plans to restrict "No" campaigners from using council facilities.[142][143]

Advocacy within organisations

Leaders of organisations such as Qantas and Deakin University have advocated their views on marriage. Concerns have been raised as to the implications for their staff and students respectively.[144][145] Following same-sex marriage endorsements on behalf of the NSW Law Society, lawyers have resigned.[146] Members of the organisation are requesting that the NSW Law Society hold an extraordinary general meeting, to explain why they issued such a statement on behalf of its members.[147] Similarly doctors have criticised and resigned from the Australian Medical Association (AMA) following that organisation implying that its members support same-sex marriage, with concerns raised regarding the research quoted by the AMA into the welfare of children.[148][146] A coalition of barristers have asked the NSW Bar Association to "apologise and immediately withdraw the endorsement".[149] After the Australian Football League (AFL) put up a large "yes" sign outside its building headquarters, a number of complaints were made as to why the AFL should tell people "who they should vote for in any political agenda".[150][151] The sign was removed 24 hours later.[152]

Media and advertising

The advertising agency, "The Royals", described as a "leading advertising agency behind the push for same-sex marriage",[153][154] and backed by more than 500 employees from Australian advertising agencies and media companies, is refusing to work for companies campaigning against the cause. The first television ad for the "No" campaign featured three women and focused on the Safe Schools education program.[155] The "Yes" campaign aired a rebuttal advertisement[156] featuring Ian Thorpe and others posting their surveys,[157] and a themed ad screened during the finale of The Bachelor.[158]

Legislation in effect for the duration of the survey makes it illegal to vilify, intimidate, threaten or harm "on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, intersex status or religion", with a fine of up to $12,600 for breaches,[159] with all campaign material to be authorised.[160] By 26 September, marketing services group Ebiquity estimated that the lead "No" group (Coalition for Marriage) had spent about $3,975,872 on advertising, a figure higher than their estimate for the two lead "Yes" groups (Australian Marriage Equality and the Equality Campaign), about $2,920,740.[161] Qantas CEO Alan Joyce made a personal donation of $1 million to the "Yes" campaign.[162]

An SMS "Yes" campaign lead to widescale condemnation especially by those concerned at the prospect their private mobile phone numbers had been provided without their permission however the campaign advised the numbers were generated through random dialling technology. The ABS confirmed it did not have any involvement in the activity and ACMA confirmed the SMS campaign was properly authorised and legal.[163]

Counselling for those impacted and mental health

For LGBTIQ people for whom the debate may be having an negative impact, helplines, strategies and counsellors have been made available by a number of organisations including the ABC,[164][165] Defence (DEFGLIS),[166] Victorian local councils[167] and Alfred Health.[168] Information from, and links to, further resources including Beyond Blue, the Aids Council of New South Wales, the Victorian Aids Council, Queerspace and the Safe Schools program, are also available.[167] The WA Greens called for more government funding for LGBTIQ mental health services to be made available during the marriage survey,[169] with an extra $60,000 subsequently allocated.[170] The Victorian Government has provided $500,000 extra for support services.[171] The Queensland Government has allocated an extra $338,000, "to protect the mental health of the LGBTI community in the lead up to the postal vote".[172] The Australian Psychological Society has released a guide for parents about how to talk to their children about the debate.[173] Lifeline has reported a spike in calls about the postal survey.[174]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The undecided number included 5% who say they "may or may not" participate and 2% who are "uncommitted".
  2. ^ The poll asked respondents if they were "very likely, somewhat likely, somewhat unlikely or very unlikely" to participate in the survey, and did not give an option of being undecided.
  3. ^ The undecided number included 9% who say they "may or may not" participate and 3% who are "uncommitted".

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Process for Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 16 August 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
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External links

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