Parsa National Park: Difference between revisions
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==Fauna== |
==Fauna== |
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A census conducted in May 2008 confirmed the presence of 37 [[gaur]]s.<ref>WWF Nepal (2008) [http://assets.panda.org/downloads/ecocircular_june08.pdf ''Gaur count in Parsa Wildlife Reserve''] EcoCircular Newsletter Vol. 44 No. 8, June 2008</ref> |
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⚫ | Four adult [[Bengal tiger]]s were estimated to be resident in the Parsa National Park in 2008.<ref>Global Tiger Initiative (2010) [http://www.globaltigerinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Nepal-NTRP-Draft.pdf National Tiger Recovery Program: T x 2 by 2022 Nepal, Draft] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706190705/http://www.globaltigerinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Nepal-NTRP-Draft.pdf |date=2011-07-06}}</ref> A three-month [[camera trap]]ping survey in February 2017 revealed the presence of 19 Bengal tigers, indicating a substantial increase of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2017/08/the-tiger-population-in-nepals-parsa-national-park-is-recovering-rapidly/|title = The tiger population in Nepal's Parsa National Park is recovering rapidly|date = 16 August 2017}}</ref> |
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⚫ | As of 2015, three [[Indian rhinoceros]] have been recorded in the park.<ref name=neprin1>{{Cite web|title=Nepal achieves 21% increase in rhino numbers|url=https://www.wwfnepal.org/?246012/Nepal-achieves-21-increase-in-rhino-numbers|access-date=19 February 2023 |website=WWF Nepal | publisher= World Wildlife Fund |date=2015}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Four adult [[Bengal tiger]]s were estimated to be |
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⚫ | Additional mammals include the [[Asian elephant]], [[chital]], [[golden jackal]], [[Nepal gray langur]], [[Indian grey mongoose]], [[Sambar deer]], [[Indian hog deer]], [[northern red muntjac]], [[rhesus macaque]], [[sloth bear]] and [[wild boar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Observations • iNaturalist |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?nelat=27.5661722&nelng=84.5769341&place_id=any&subview=map&swlat=27.5285336&swlng=84.4737657&view=species |url-status=live |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref> |
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⚫ | [[Reptile]]s include the [[mugger crocodile]], [[elongated tortoise]], [[Indian softshell turtle]], [[Indian black turtle]], [[Indian flapshell turtle]], [[king cobra]], [[Oriental garden lizard]] and [[Ptyas mucosa|rat snake]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Observations • iNaturalist |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?nelat=27.5661722&nelng=84.5769341&place_id=any&subview=map&swlat=27.5285336&swlng=84.4737657&taxon_id=26036&view=species |url-status=live |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Additional mammals |
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⚫ | [[Reptile |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 23:20, 27 April 2024
Parsa National Park | |
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Location | Nepal |
Nearest city | Birgunj |
Coordinates | 27°28′N 84°20′E / 27.467°N 84.333°E |
Area | 627.39 km2 (242.24 sq mi) |
Established | 1984 as Wildlife Reserve, 2017 as National Park |
Governing body | Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation |
Parsa National Park is a national park in the Terai of south-central Nepal covering an area of 627.39 km2 (242.24 sq mi) in the Parsa, Makwanpur and Bara Districts and ranging in elevation from 435 to 950 m (1,427 to 3,117 ft) in the Sivalik Hills. It was established as a wildlife reserve in 1984 and received national park status in 2017. It is surrounded by a buffer zone since 2005 with an area of 285.3 km2 (110.2 sq mi).[1] In 2015, the protected area was further extended by 49 sq mi (128 km2).[2]
To the north of Parsa National Park, the East Rapti River and Sivalik Hills form a natural boundary to human settlements. To the east, the boundary extends up to the Hetauda–Birgunj highway; to the south, a forest road demarcates the park's boundary. To the west is Chitwan National Park, which is situated just north of Valmiki National Park, a tiger reserve in India. Thus, this transnational protected area of 2,075 km2 (801 sq mi) represents the Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU) Chitwan–Parsa–Valmiki, which covers a total of 3,549 km2 (1,370 sq mi) in the Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands.[3]
Before being converted to a protected area, the region was a private game reserve and hunting park for both the British and Nepalese elite.[1][4]
Vegetation
The typical vegetation in the park consists of sal forest constituting about 90% of the area. Chir pine grows in the Churia Hills; Khair, sissoo and silk cotton trees occur along watercourses. Sabai grass grows well on the southern face of the Churia Hills.[4] An estimated 919 floral species have been recorded including 298 vascular plants, 234 dicots, 58 monocots, five pteridophytes, and one gymnosperm.[1]
Fauna
A census conducted in May 2008 confirmed the presence of 37 gaurs.[5] Four adult Bengal tigers were estimated to be resident in the Parsa National Park in 2008.[6] A three-month camera trapping survey in February 2017 revealed the presence of 19 Bengal tigers, indicating a substantial increase of the population.[7]
As of 2015, three Indian rhinoceros have been recorded in the park.[8] Additional mammals include the Asian elephant, chital, golden jackal, Nepal gray langur, Indian grey mongoose, Sambar deer, Indian hog deer, northern red muntjac, rhesus macaque, sloth bear and wild boar.[9]
Reptiles include the mugger crocodile, elongated tortoise, Indian softshell turtle, Indian black turtle, Indian flapshell turtle, king cobra, Oriental garden lizard and rat snake.[10]
References
- ^ a b c Bhuju, U. R.; Shakya, P. R.; Basnet, T. B.; Shrestha, S. (2007). Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites (PDF). Kathmandu: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, in cooperation with United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. ISBN 978-92-9115-033-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2018-12-14.
- ^ Anonymous. 2015. Good news for tigers as Nepal extends Parsa Wildlife Archived 2018-07-09 at the Wayback Machine. Wildlife Extra, 9 September 2015.
- ^ Wikramanayake, E.D., Dinerstein, E., Robinson, J.G., Karanth, K.U., Rabinowitz, A., Olson, D., Mathew, T., Hedao, P., Connor, M., Hemley, G., Bolze, D. (1999). Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild. Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine In: Seidensticker, J., Christie, S., Jackson, P. (eds.) Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. hardback ISBN 0-521-64057-1, paperback ISBN 0-521-64835-1. Pages 255–272 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b Majupuria, T.C., Kumar, R. (1998) Wildlife, National Parks and Reserves of Nepal. S. Devi, Saharanpur and Tecpress Books, Bangkok. ISBN 974-89833-5-8. Pages 245–248.
- ^ WWF Nepal (2008) Gaur count in Parsa Wildlife Reserve EcoCircular Newsletter Vol. 44 No. 8, June 2008
- ^ Global Tiger Initiative (2010) National Tiger Recovery Program: T x 2 by 2022 Nepal, Draft Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The tiger population in Nepal's Parsa National Park is recovering rapidly". 16 August 2017.
- ^ "Nepal achieves 21% increase in rhino numbers". WWF Nepal. World Wildlife Fund. 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ "Observations • iNaturalist". Retrieved 27 April 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Observations • iNaturalist". Retrieved 27 April 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link)