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FBXW11

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FBXW11
Identifiers
AliasesFBXW11, BTRC2, BTRCP2, FBW1B, FBXW1B, Fbw11, Hos, F-box and WD repeat domain containing 11, NEDJED
External IDsOMIM: 605651; MGI: 2144023; HomoloGene: 76444; GeneCards: FBXW11; OMA:FBXW11 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)
RefSeq (protein)
Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 171.86 – 172.01 MbChr 11: 32.59 – 32.7 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

βTrCP2 (beta-transducin repeat containing protein 2; also known as Fbxw11 or HOS) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXW11 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 11) gene.[5][6]

This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 residue structural motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein), which often, but not always, recognize substrates in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes:

  • Fbxws containing WD40 repeats,
  • Fbxls containing leucine-rich repeats,
  • and Fbxos containing either "other" protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs.

The protein encoded by FBXW11 belongs to the Fbxw class as, in addition to an F-box, this protein contains multiple WD40 repeats. This protein is homologous to Xenopus βTrCP, yeast Met30, Neurospora Scon2 and Drosophila Slimb. In mammals, in addition to βTrCP2, a paralog protein (called βTrCP1 or FBXW1) also exists, but, so far, their functions appear redundant and indistinguishable.

Discovery

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Human βTrCP (referred to both βTrCP1 and βTrCP2) was originally identified as a cellular ubiquitin ligase that is bound by the HIV-1 Vpu viral protein to eliminate cellular CD4 by connecting it to the proteolytic machinery.[7] Subsequently, βTrCP was shown to regulate multiple cellular processes by mediating the degradation of various targets.[8] Cell cycle regulators constitute a major group of βTrCP substrates. During S phase, βTrCP keeps CDK1 in check by promoting the degradation of the phosphatase CDC25A,[9] whereas in G2, βTrCP contributes to CDK1 activation by targeting the kinase WEE1 for degradation.[10] In early mitosis, βTrCP mediates the degradation of EMI1,[11][12] an inhibitor of the APC/C ubiquitin ligase complex, which is responsible for the anaphase-metaphase transition (by inducing the proteolysis of Securin) and mitotic exit (by driving the degradation of mitotic CDK1 activating cyclin subunits). Furthermore, βTrCP controls APC/C by targeting REST, thereby removing its transcriptional repression on MAD2, an essential component of the spindle assembly checkpoint that keeps APC/C inactive until all chromatids are attached to the spindle microtubules.[13]

Functions

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βTrCP plays important roles in regulating cell cycle checkpoints. In response to genotoxic stress, it contributes to turn off CDK1 activity by mediating the degradation of CDC25A in collaboration with Chk1,[9][14] thereby preventing cell cycle progression before the completion of DNA repair. During recovery from DNA replication and DNA damage, βTrCP instead targets Claspin in a Plk1-dependent manner.[15][16][17]

βTrCP has also emerged as an important player in protein translation, cell growth and survival. In response to mitogens, PDCD4, an inhibitor of the translation initiation factor eIF4A, is rapidly degraded in a βTrCP- and S6K1-dependent manner, allowing efficient protein translation and cell growth.[18] βTrCP also cooperates with mTOR and CK1α to induce the degradation of DEPTOR (an mTOR inhibitor), thereby generating an auto-amplification loop to promote the full activation of mTOR.[19][20][21] At the same time, βTrCP mediates the degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein BimEL to promote cell survival.[22]

βTrCP also associates with phosphorylated IkappaBalpha and beta-catenin destruction motifs, probably functioning in multiple transcriptional programs by regulating the NF-kappaB and the WNT pathways.[23][24]

Interactions

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BTRC (gene) has been shown to interact with:

Clinical Significance

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βTrCP behaves as an oncoprotein in some tissues. Elevated levels of βTrCP expression have been found in colorectal,[36] pancreatic,[37] hapatoblastoma,[38] and breast cancers.[39]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000072803Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020271Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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  6. ^ "Entrez Gene: FBXW11 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 11".
  7. ^ a b Margottin F, Bour SP, Durand H, Selig L, Benichou S, Richard V, Thomas D, Strebel K, Benarous R (Mar 1998). "A novel human WD protein, h-beta TrCp, that interacts with HIV-1 Vpu connects CD4 to the ER degradation pathway through an F-box motif". Molecular Cell. 1 (4): 565–74. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80056-8. PMID 9660940.
  8. ^ Frescas D, Pagano M (Jun 2008). "Deregulated proteolysis by the F-box proteins SKP2 and beta-TrCP: tipping the scales of cancer". Nature Reviews. Cancer. 8 (6): 438–49. doi:10.1038/nrc2396. PMC 2711846. PMID 18500245.
  9. ^ a b c Busino L, Donzelli M, Chiesa M, Guardavaccaro D, Ganoth D, Dorrello NV, Hershko A, Pagano M, Draetta GF (Nov 2003). "Degradation of Cdc25A by beta-TrCP during S phase and in response to DNA damage". Nature. 426 (6962): 87–91. Bibcode:2003Natur.426...87B. doi:10.1038/nature02082. PMID 14603323. S2CID 768783.
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  16. ^ a b Mailand N, Bekker-Jensen S, Bartek J, Lukas J (Aug 2006). "Destruction of Claspin by SCFbetaTrCP restrains Chk1 activation and facilitates recovery from genotoxic stress". Molecular Cell. 23 (3): 307–18. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.06.016. PMID 16885021.
  17. ^ a b Mamely I, van Vugt MA, Smits VA, Semple JI, Lemmens B, Perrakis A, Medema RH, Freire R (Oct 2006). "Polo-like kinase-1 controls proteasome-dependent degradation of Claspin during checkpoint recovery". Current Biology. 16 (19): 1950–5. Bibcode:2006CBio...16.1950M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.026. PMID 16934469. S2CID 2928268.
  18. ^ a b Dorrello NV, Peschiaroli A, Guardavaccaro D, Colburn NH, Sherman NE, Pagano M (Oct 2006). "S6K1- and betaTRCP-mediated degradation of PDCD4 promotes protein translation and cell growth". Science. 314 (5798): 467–71. Bibcode:2006Sci...314..467D. doi:10.1126/science.1130276. PMID 17053147. S2CID 84039829.
  19. ^ a b Duan S, Skaar JR, Kuchay S, Toschi A, Kanarek N, Ben-Neriah Y, Pagano M (Oct 2011). "mTOR generates an auto-amplification loop by triggering the βTrCP- and CK1α-dependent degradation of DEPTOR". Molecular Cell. 44 (2): 317–24. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.09.005. PMC 3212871. PMID 22017877.
  20. ^ a b Zhao Y, Xiong X, Sun Y (Oct 2011). "DEPTOR, an mTOR inhibitor, is a physiological substrate of SCF(βTrCP) E3 ubiquitin ligase and regulates survival and autophagy". Molecular Cell. 44 (2): 304–16. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.029. PMC 3216641. PMID 22017876.
  21. ^ a b Gao D, Inuzuka H, Tan MK, Fukushima H, Locasale JW, Liu P, Wan L, Zhai B, Chin YR, Shaik S, Lyssiotis CA, Gygi SP, Toker A, Cantley LC, Asara JM, Harper JW, Wei W (Oct 2011). "mTOR drives its own activation via SCF(βTrCP)-dependent degradation of the mTOR inhibitor DEPTOR". Molecular Cell. 44 (2): 290–303. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.030. PMC 3229299. PMID 22017875.
  22. ^ Dehan E, Bassermann F, Guardavaccaro D, Vasiliver-Shamis G, Cohen M, Lowes KN, Dustin M, Huang DC, Taunton J, Pagano M (Jan 2009). "betaTrCP- and Rsk1/2-mediated degradation of BimEL inhibits apoptosis". Molecular Cell. 33 (1): 109–16. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.12.020. PMC 2655121. PMID 19150432.
  23. ^ Winston JT, Strack P, Beer-Romero P, Chu CY, Elledge SJ, Harper JW (Feb 1999). "The SCFbeta-TRCP-ubiquitin ligase complex associates specifically with phosphorylated destruction motifs in IkappaBalpha and beta-catenin and stimulates IkappaBalpha ubiquitination in vitro". Genes & Development. 13 (3): 270–83. doi:10.1101/gad.13.3.270. PMC 316433. PMID 9990852.
  24. ^ a b Latres E, Chiaur DS, Pagano M (Jan 1999). "The human F box protein beta-Trcp associates with the Cul1/Skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin". Oncogene. 18 (4): 849–54. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202653. PMID 10023660.
  25. ^ a b c d Suzuki H, Chiba T, Suzuki T, Fujita T, Ikenoue T, Omata M, Furuichi K, Shikama H, Tanaka K (Jan 2000). "Homodimer of two F-box proteins betaTrCP1 or betaTrCP2 binds to IkappaBalpha for signal-dependent ubiquitination". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (4): 2877–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.4.2877. PMID 10644755.
  26. ^ Mantovani F, Banks L (Oct 2003). "Regulation of the discs large tumor suppressor by a phosphorylation-dependent interaction with the beta-TrCP ubiquitin ligase receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (43): 42477–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302799200. PMID 12902344.
  27. ^ a b Spencer E, Jiang J, Chen ZJ (Feb 1999). "Signal-induced ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha by the F-box protein Slimb/beta-TrCP". Genes & Development. 13 (3): 284–94. doi:10.1101/gad.13.3.284. PMC 316434. PMID 9990853.
  28. ^ Fong A, Sun SC (Jun 2002). "Genetic evidence for the essential role of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein in the inducible processing of NF-kappa B2/p100". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (25): 22111–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200151200. PMID 11994270.
  29. ^ Vatsyayan J, Qing G, Xiao G, Hu J (Sep 2008). "SUMO1 modification of NF-kappaB2/p100 is essential for stimuli-induced p100 phosphorylation and processing". EMBO Reports. 9 (9): 885–90. doi:10.1038/embor.2008.122. PMC 2529344. PMID 18617892.
  30. ^ a b c Cenciarelli C, Chiaur DS, Guardavaccaro D, Parks W, Vidal M, Pagano M (Oct 1999). "Identification of a family of human F-box proteins". Current Biology. 9 (20): 1177–9. Bibcode:1999CBio....9.1177C. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)80020-2. PMID 10531035. S2CID 7467493.
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Further reading

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