1970 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1970 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 25th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Ivan Mauger became the first rider to win the title in three consecutive years, his five ride 15 point maximum took him to third in the all time list behind Ove Fundin and Barry Briggs. The Poles Paweł Waloszek and Antoni Woryna took silver and bronze respectively in their home nation at the Olympic Stadium.[7]
Format changes
[edit]The format of the Championship changed again for the 1970 event. This time the Polish riders were allowed six places in the World Final to be held in Poland. All other nations had to go through the European Final route to provide the remaining 10 riders for the World Final.
First round
[edit]Swedish qualifying
[edit]- Top 8 in each heat to Swedish semi-finals
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British/Commonwealth qualifying
[edit]- Top 32 to British semi-finals
Second round
[edit]
Norwegian qualifying[edit]
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Finnish qualifying (top 7)[edit]
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Swedish semi-finals
[edit]
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Continental qualifying
[edit]- Top 32 to Continental semi-finals
Date | Venue | Winner | 2nd | 3rd |
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9 May | Meissen Speedway Stadium, Meissen | Jan Holub I | Valery Gordeev | Peter Liebing |
10 May | Borsod Volán Stadion, Miskolc | Václav Verner | Jaroslav Volf | Viktor Trofimov |
10 May | Liebenauer Stadium, Graz | Vladimir Gordeev | Zdenek Majstr | Jochen Dinse |
10 May | Igralište na Kajzerici, Zagreb | Pavel Mares | Boris Cehanovich | Jürgen Hehlert |
British/Commonwealth semi-finals
[edit]
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Third round
[edit]Continental semi-finals
[edit]
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British/Commonwealth Final
[edit]- 9 June 1970
- West Ham Stadium, London
- First 8 to British-Nordic Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
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1 | (13) Ivan Mauger | 14 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
2 | (4) Ronnie Moore | 13 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
3 | (3) Roy Trigg | 12+3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
4 | (2) Arnold Haley | 12+2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (6) Barry Briggs | 10 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (16) Trevor Hedge | 9 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (7) Jim Airey | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (14) John Boulger | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (11) Nigel Boocock | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (12) Chris Pusey | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (1) Charlie Monk | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (8) Martin Ashby | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (10) Ray Wilson | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (5) Howard Cole | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (9) Terry Betts | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | 2 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (15) Jim McMillan | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
(17) Bob Kilby | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(18) Tommy Roper | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
Nordic Final
[edit]- 4 June 1970
- Snälltorpet, Eskilstuna
- First 8 to British-Nordic Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos | 21 |
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(7) Göte Nordin | 15 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
(2) Sören Sjösten | 12 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
(12) Anders Michanek | 11 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
4 | (13) Bengt Larsson | 10 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
5 | (3) Reidar Eide | 10 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
6 | (5) Ove Fundin | 9 | 2 | E | 1 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
7 | (16) Ole Olsen | 9 | 3 | T | 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
8 | (11) Bengt Jansson | 9 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
9 | (8) Øyvind Berg | 8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||
10 | (4) Odd Fossengen | 7 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
11 | (6) Bengt Brannefors | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||
12 | (15) Bent Nørregaard-Jensen | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
13 | (1) Niels Weis Sorensen | 3 | F | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
14 | (9) Dag Lovaas | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
15 | (14) Olle Nygren | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||
16 | (10) Matti Olin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos | 21 |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
Fourth round
[edit]British Nordic Final
[edit]- 1 July 1970
- Brandon Stadium, Coventry
- First 8 to European Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
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(2) Sören Sjösten | 14 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(13) Ole Olsen | 13 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(14) Barry Briggs | 12 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
4 | (11) Ronnie Moore | 11 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (3) Ivan Mauger | 10 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (5) Jim Airey | 10 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (1) Bengt Jansson | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (4) Anders Michanek | 9 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (9) Ove Fundin | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (7) Trevor Hedge | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (12) John Boulger | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (16) Arnold Haley | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (8) Göte Nordin | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | E | 4 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (10) Reidar Eide | 3 | F | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (15) Roy Trigg | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (6) Bengt Larsson | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
R1 | (R1) Nigel Boocock | 0 | 0 | R1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
R2 | (R2) Øyvind Berg | 0 | 0 | R2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
Continental Final
[edit]- 2 June 1970
- Abensberger Stadion, Abensberg
- First 8 to European Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
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(9) Hans Jürgen Fritz | 10 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
(10) Valeri Klementiev | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
(7) Zdenek Majstr | 8 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
4 | (15) Yury Dubinin | 8 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
5 | (1) Gennady Kurilenko | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
6 | (2) Vladimir Kononovich | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
7 | (12) Vladimir Gordeev | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
8 | (16) Viktor Kalmykov | 6 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
9 | (5) Jiri Stancl | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||
10 | (11) Grigory Khlinovsky | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
11 | (14) Dieter Tetzlaff | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||
12 | (8) Jürgen Hehlert | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
13 | (13) Boris Cehanovich | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
14 | (6) Nikolay Aksenov | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
15 | (4) Nikolay Smirnov | 0 | F | - | - | - | 0 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||
16 | (3) Viktor Trofimov | 0 | F | - | - | - | 0 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||
R1 | (R1) Antonín Šváb Sr. | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | R1 | ||||||||||||||||
R2 | (R2) Gabdrakhman Kadyrov | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | R2 | ||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
Fifth round
[edit]European Final
[edit]- 20 July 1970
- Leningrad Speedway Stadium, Leningrad
- First 10 to World Final
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(4) Ivan Mauger | 14 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(1) Vladimir Gordeev | 11 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(10) Gennady Kurilenko | 11 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
4 | (12) Sören Sjösten | 11 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (5) Ole Olsen | 11 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (11) Barry Briggs | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 10 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (3) Anders Michanek | 9 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (2) Valeri Klementiev | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (15) Trevor Hedge | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (13) Yury Dubinin | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (7) Ronnie Moore | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | F | - | 5 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (6) Hans Jürgen Fritz | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (14) Vladimir Kononovich | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (9) Viktor Kalmykov | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (8) Jim Airey | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (16) Zdenek Majstr | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
R1 | (R1) Bengt Jansson | 0 | 0 | R1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
R2 | (R2) Yury Lombockiy | 0 | 0 | 0 | R2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
Polish qualifying
[edit]- 6 seeded to World Final
- 1 Alfred Smoczyk Stadium, Leszno, 14 Jun; 2 Hasiok, Świętochłowice, 16 June; 3 Rybnik Municipal Stadium, 26 Jun; 4 Polonia Bydgoszcz Stadium, 3 Jul,; 5 Stadion żużlowy Gorzów, 10 Jul; 6 Stadion Kolejarz, Opole, 31 Jul; 7 Olympic Stadium, Wrocław, 7 Aug; 8 Stadion Wybrzeże, Gdańsk, 9 Aug
Pos. | Rider | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Total |
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1 | Jan Mucha | 6 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 13 | 72 |
2 | Pawel Waloszek | 9 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 71 |
3 | Andrzej Wyglenda | 8 | 12 | 9 | 14 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 9 | 68 |
4 | Antoni Woryna | 9 | 5 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 63 |
5 | Henryk Glucklich | 12 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 58 |
6 | Jerzy Szczakiel | 11 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 3 | ns | 58 |
7 | Zygfryd Friedek | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 11 | ns | 56 |
8 | Jozef Jarmula | 6 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 6 | ns | 13 | 54 |
9 | Stanislaw Kasa | 10 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 49 |
10 | Edmund Migoś | 7 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 1 | 48 |
11 | Zygmunt Pytko | 7 | 3 | 8 | 3 | ns | 7 | 10 | +0 | 38 |
12 | Stanislaw Skowron | 6 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 6 | ns | 35 |
13 | Henryk Żyto | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5 | ns | 5 | 0 | 4 | 34 |
14 | Jerzy Trzeszkowski | 0 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 5 | ns | ns | 12 | 31 |
15 | Piotr Bruzda | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 29 |
16 | Stanisław Tkocz | 5 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 3 | ns | ns | ns | 26 |
17 | Zbigniew Podlecki | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 2 | 5 | 11 | 18 |
18 | Jerzy Gryt | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 6 | 5 | ns | 11 |
19 | Wiktor Waloszek | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 3 | 7 | 10 |
20 | Jerzy Padewski | ns | ns | ns | ns | 8 | ns | ns | ns | 8 |
21 | Leszek Marsz | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 8 | 8 |
World Final
[edit]- 6 September 1970
- Olympic Stadium, Wrocław[10]
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
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(10) Ivan Mauger | 15 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
(16) Paweł Waloszek | 14 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
(1) Antoni Woryna | 13 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
4 | (15) Sören Sjösten | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
5 | (2) Henryk Glücklich | 9 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
6 | (13) Valeri Klementiev | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
7 | (11) Barry Briggs | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
8 | (14) Andrzej Wyglenda | 7 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
9 | (4) Anders Michanek | 7 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
10 | (7) Ole Olsen | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | E | 1 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
11 | (9) Jan Mucha | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
12 | (3) Hans Jürgen Fritz | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
13 | (6) Vladimir Gordeev | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
14 | (12) Gennady Kurilenko | 2 | F | 2 | F | - | - | 2 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
15 | (8) Zygfryd Friedek | 2 | F | 0 | 2 | F | - | 2 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
16 | (5) Trevor Hedge | 0 | E | E | F | R | - | 0 | 16 | |||||||||||||||
R1 | (R1) Edmund Migoś | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | F | 0 | 4 | R1 | |||||||||||||||
R2 | (R2) Jerzy Szczakiel | 0 | 0 | R2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Placing | Rider | Total | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Pts | Pos |
m - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance • t - exclusion for touching the tapes • x - other exclusion • e - retired or mechanical failure • f - fell • ns - non-starter • nc - non-classify
gate A - inside | gate B | gate C | gate D - outside |
References
[edit]- ^ Oakes, Peter (1981). 1981 Speedway Yearbook. Studio Publications (Ipswich) Ltd. pp. 20–21. ISBN 0-86215-017-5.
- ^ "World Championship 1936-1994". Edinburgh Speedway. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "WORLD FINALS 1936-1994" (PDF). Speedway Researcher. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "HISTORY SPEEDWAY and LONGTRACK". Speedway.org. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "Speedway riders, history and results". wwosbackup. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "WORLD INDIVIDUAL FINAL - RIDER INDEX". British Speedway. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
- ^ "Champion Ivan makes History". Newcastle Journal. 7 September 1970. p. 12. Retrieved 9 July 2021 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "1970 World Championship". Metal Speedway. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ "1970 World Championship". Speedway.org. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ Bamford, R. & Shailes, G. (2002). A History of the World Speedway Championship. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-2402-5