2017 Barcelona attacks

Coordinates: 41°22′53″N 2°10′23″E / 41.38139°N 2.17306°E / 41.38139; 2.17306
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2017 Catalonia attacks
Part of Islamic terrorism in Europe (2014–present)
La Rambla, the site of the van attack; pictured in 2011
La Rambla, the site of the van attack; pictured in 2011
2017 Barcelona attacks is located in Spain
La Rambla, Barcelona attack
La Rambla, Barcelona attack
Cambrils attack
Cambrils attack
Alcanar explosion
Alcanar explosion
Subirats
Subirats
LocationLa Rambla, Barcelona and Cambrils, Catalonia, Spain
CoordinatesLa Rambla: 41°22′53″N 2°10′23″E / 41.38139°N 2.17306°E / 41.38139; 2.17306
Cambrils: 41°22′53″N 2°10′23″E / 41.38139°N 2.17306°E / 41.38139; 2.17306
Alcanar: 40°34′51″N 0°33′11″E / 40.580919°N 0.553046°E / 40.580919; 0.553046
Subirats: 41°23′05″N 1°47′53″E / 41.384722°N 1.798056°E / 41.384722; 1.798056
Date17–18 August 2017
16:50–01:15 CEST (UTC+2)
TargetPedestrians
Attack type
Vehicle-ramming attack
WeaponsAlcanar: Gas cylinders (accidental[1] explosion)
Barcelona: A van and a knife
Cambrils: A car and a knife
DeathsAlcanar: 0 (+2 alleged terrorists)
Barcelona: 14
Cambrils: 1 (+5 attackers)
Subirats: 0 (+1 attackers)
Total: 15 (+8 alleged terrorists)
InjuredAlcanar: 15
Barcelona: 131
Cambrils: 6
Total: 152
PerpetratorsBarcelona: Younes Abouyaaqoub
Cambrils: Moussa Oukabir, Said Aallaa, Mohamed Hychami, Omar Hychami, Houssaine Abouyaaqoub; all of whom were shot dead by police at Cambrils[2][3]
Alcanar: Abdelbaki Es Satty
Youssef Aalla

On the afternoon of 17 August 2017, a van was driven into pedestrians on La Rambla in Barcelona, Spain, killing 13 and injuring at least 130 people. The driver of the van fled the attack on foot, then killed a 14th victim in order to steal his car and escape.[4][5]

Nine hours after the Barcelona attack, five men thought to be members of the same terrorist cell drove into pedestrians in nearby Cambrils, killing one woman and injuring six others. All five attackers were shot by police as they were carrying out the attack.[6]

The night before the Barcelona attack, an explosion occurred in a house in the Spanish town of Alcanar, killing two additional members of the terrorist cell and destroying the building. Police say that the 40-year-old imam, thought to be the mastermind of the terrorist cell, accidentally caused the explosion.[7] The home had over 120 gas canisters inside, which police believe were planned to be used in a larger terror attack. Officials say the cell was attempting to make one large bomb or three smaller bombs to be placed in three vans which they had rented.[8][5]

The Prime Minister of Spain, Mariano Rajoy, called the attack in Barcelona a jihadist attack.[9] Amaq News Agency attributed indirect responsibility for the attack to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[10] The attacks were the deadliest in Spain since the March 2004 Madrid train bombings and the deadliest in Barcelona since the 1987 Hipercor bombing.[11] Younes Abouyaaqoub, the main suspect in the Barcelona attack was killed by police 30 miles west of Barcelona on 21 August.[5]

Alcanar explosions

On 16 August 2017, an explosion destroyed a house in Alcanar. Abdelbaki Es Satty and another man, possibly Youssef Aallaa, died in the Alcanar explosion.[12][13]

Police initially thought it was an accidental gas explosion, but hours later believed stockpiled explosives had accidentally gone off. A Moroccan man was injured in the explosion and taken to the hospital, he is to be questioned by police. The explosive TATP[14] and 120 canisters of butane and propane were found inside the house.[15][16] Catalan bomb squads carried out a controlled explosion at the property where the gas canisters were stored. There was speculation that the terrorists intended to take trucks loaded with explosives and combustible gas to attack the Sagrada Família.[17][18]

Police said they were working under the hypothesis that the terrorists shot in Cambrils were connected to the Barcelona attack and Alcanar explosions.[19] Police chief Josep Lluís Trapero believed terrorists were in the process of manipulating the gas canisters when they exploded, after which they decided to continue their plans by conducting more rudimentary vehicle ramming attacks.[20]

Second explosion

A second explosion occurred at the same location during excavation, possibly caused by a spark from a backhoe igniting a gas canister among the debris. At least nine people were injured, with one police officer in critical condition.[21]

Barcelona

Van attack on pedestrians in La Rambla

Distance covered by the van, during the attack.
"Paviment Miró" - where the van stopped after the attack in Las Ramblas

At 16:56 CEST (UTC+2) on 17 August,[22] a white Fiat Talento van was driven onto the pavement of Barcelona's La Rambla, crashing into pedestrians for about 550 metres (1,800 ft) between Plaça de Catalunya and Liceu and stopping at a Joan Miró mosaic. Witnesses said the vehicle zigzagged at high speed down Las Ramblas, ramming pedestrians and cyclists.[23] After driving about 500 metres, the numerous impacts the van had received caused the airbag to inflate and the driver protection system to automatically shut down the electrical system of the van, causing it to halt. In the confusion, the driver was able to get away. He fled on foot and made his way through the city centre, he then hijacked a car, stabbed and killed the driver, and used the car to get away.[24]

The van was rented in the neighbouring area of Santa Perpètua de Mogoda,[25] along with a similar van, considered to be a getaway vehicle and found by 19:00 in Vic.[26] Younes Aboyaaqoub's credit card was used to pay for the van rental.[27]

In a police press conference at 19:00 local time, a spokesperson confirmed the terrorist nature of the event.[28][29] At about 20:20 the Catalan government confirmed that 13 people were dead and at least 50 were injured (10 seriously).[30][31]

Ramming of police barricade on Avinguda Diagonal

About two hours later, a white Ford Focus rammed a police barricade in Avinguda Diagonal and gunshots were exchanged, leaving an officer injured.[32] The vehicle fled to neighbouring location Sant Just Desvern and the driver abandoned the car near the building known as Walden 7. The police found a man stabbed to death in the rear seat whom, they believe, was murdered by one of the Ramblas attackers who was escaping by hijacking the car.[33]

Cambrils

Passeig maritim – the location of the second car attack

Early on 18 August in Cambrils, an Audi A3 automobile with five people on board was driven into a crowd of pedestrians before it overturned in the confluence of Passeig Miramar, Passeig Marítim and Rambla de Jaume I streets.[34] The five individuals inside were wearing fake suicide vests,[35] and attacked bystanders with knives. A 63 year-old Spanish woman was stabbed to death.[36] Six other people were injured in the attack, including a Cuban tourist and a police officer.[37]

A police officer shot and killed four of the assailants and a fifth died of his injuries hours later.[38] One of the assailants was filmed by bystanders being shot by police, including as he rushed towards the police officers.[11] The men were linked to the Barcelona attack according to the police.[39]

Subirats

On 21 August, police shot and killed Younes Abouyaaqoub[40] near a gas station in Subirats, about 40 km (25 miles) from Barcelona. Mossos d'Esquadra, the region's police force, tweeted: "The suspect is wearing an explosive belt attached to his body. The individual has been shot dead." A woman in Subirats is believed to have called police after spotting a man whom she thought was Younes Abouyaaqoub. The man ran towards an area of vineyards after she shouted at him to ask what he was doing, according to Spanish newspaper La Vanguardia.[41]

Casualties

Reported fatalities by citizenship[42]
Citizenship Fatalities
American 1
Argentine-Italian (dual nationality) 1
Argentine-Spanish (dual nationality) 1
Australian-British (dual nationality) 1
Belgian 1
Canadian 1
Italian 2
Portuguese 2
Spanish 5
Total 15

Aside from eight attackers,[43] 15 people of nine different nationalities were killed: 13 on La Rambla, one stabbed in Barcelona by the attacker who stole his car, and one in Cambrils.[44] Over 100 people from over 34 nations were injured, 15 critically.[45]

Suspects

The police investigation points to a terrorist cell of twelve members, eight of whom are dead and four in police custody. The imam Abdelbaki Es Satty died in the Alcanar gas explosion on 16 August.[46] Youssef Aalla, brother of Said Aallaa, is missing and might have also died in the Alcanar gas explosion. Five suspected members were shot dead by police on 18 August after the Cambrils attack: Moussa Oukabir, Omar Hychami, El Houssaine Abouyaaqoub, Said Aallaa and Mohamed Hychami. Younes Abouyaaqoub, the man believed to have been the van driver, was killed by police on 21 August.[47][48] Four additional suspects have been detained by police.[49][50][51]

Younes Abouyaaqoub

Younes Abouyaaqoub, aged 22, was born on 1 January 1995 in M'rirt, Morocco.[52] He is believed to have been the driver of the van that killed 13 people on La Rambla. He initially fled the scene of the attack on La Rambla through the Mercat de la Boqueria, then hijacked a car near the Zona Universitària station, stabbing the driver to death. On 21 August, police caught up with him in Subirats, a village near Barcelona. He was wearing a fake suicide vest and shouted "Allahu Akbar".[53][54][47]

Younes Abouyaaqoub had lived in Ripoll, Spain since he was four years old.[55] According to police sources, his identity documents were found in the second van, which was intercepted by Catalan police in Vic.[52] His mother told the press that her son had been brainwashed by the imam Abdelbaki Es Satty.[56]

Houssaine Abouyaaqoub

Houssaine Abouyaaqoub, aged 19, brother of Younes Abouyaaqoub, was one of the attackers killed in Cambrils on the early hours of 18 August.[57] He was a deliveryman for a kebabs restaurant in Ripoll.[58] Both Abouyaaqoub brothers were first cousins of Mohamed and Omar Hychami.[59]

Moussa Oukabir

Moussa Oukabir was 18 at the time of the attack.[60][61]. He was shot and killed by police after the Cambrils attack.[62]

The Fiat Talento van used the in La Rambla attack had been rented using the ID of Oukabir's brother[63] who told police that Moussa Oukabir had stolen his ID.[11]

Moussa Oukabir had been living legally in Spain since 2005.[64] In 2014 and 2015, he played futsal (a form of indoor football) for the local Ripoll youth team.[65] In 2015, when asked on the social media website Kiwi what he would do in his first day as king of the world, he responded, "Kill the infidels and only spare Muslims who follow the religion."[66][67]

Said Aallaa

Said Aallaa, 19, was born in Naour, Morocco.[68] He had been living in Ribes de Freser, Spain, a village near Ripoll.[69]

He was shot and killed by police after the Cambrils attack.[62][70] La Vanguardia reported that Aallaa's social media contained photographs of firearms and that his religiosity was evidenced by his membership in Islamic study groups.[71] Said had left a note in his room apologising for the harm he was about to cause[72]

Youssef Aallaa

Aalla's death in the explosion at Alcanar has been confirmed by police, as his DNA was found splattered.[73] Like all the other suspects, Youssef was born in Morocco.[74] Youssef was a brother of Said Aallaa. Their father said Youssef attended the mosque.[75]

Mohammed and Omar Hychami

Mohammed Hychami was 24 years old; his brother Omar Hychami was 21, both were born in Mrirt,[76] Morocco. They were cousins of Younes Abouyaaqoub, the alleged driver of the van in the La Rambla attack. They both were in the Audi used in the Cambrils attack and both were shot and killed by police there.[62][77] The brothers' mother told the media that Mohammed had said he was leaving on vacation and would return in a week.[78]

Abdelbaki Es Satty

Abdelbaki Es Satty was a 44 year old imam in Ripoll who was born in Morocco in 1973 and arrived in Spain in 2002.[79][80][81] On 21 August, he was confirmed to have died in the accidental explosion in Alcanar on 16 August.[12][82][83]

He had been renting a room in the house there for four months. On 16 August, he told his roommate that he was leaving for a trip to Morocco.[84][85] In 2012, the imam completed a four-year prison sentence for drug trafficking in Castellón.[86] While in prison, he is reported to have established a "special friendship" with Rachid Aglif, who was serving an 18-year sentence for his role in the 2004 Madrid Train Bombings.[87][88][89] Es Satty is also implicated in the 2006 Operation Chacal, when five islamists were arrested for sending jihadis to fight in Iraq.[90][91] Es Satty, who had been employed as imam at the Ripoll mosque since 2015,[92] quit "abruptly" in June.[93] He had also stayed in Belgium for some three months in 2016, where he had been searching for work, including in Vilvoorde.[72]

An official who works on de-radicalisation in Belgium told the BBC that Es Satty tried to secure a post at a mosque near Brussels but the elders decided he should not be allowed to preach due to his "radicalised and polarising" approach.[72] Investigators believe the imam might be aligned with the Salafist movement, but this might not be unusual, as one in three Islamic prayer centers in Catalonia are.[94]

He has been described as "unfailingly courteous and studiously discreet", betraying no radicalism in his appearance and interactions with those who did not know him, and training those in his terrorist cell to also lead double lives.[95]

Arrests

Police have detained four men in connection with the attacks. Three of the men were arrested in Ripoll: the owner of the car used in the Cambrils attack, the brother of Moussa Oukabir, and a third man. In Alcanar, a 20-year-old who survived the Alcanar explosion was also arrested.[44][96][97]

Alleged ISIS inspiration

The ISIS-linked Amaq News Agency claimed the attack was carried out in response to the call for targeting states in the anti-ISIS coalition, of which Spain is a member, contributing about 400 soldiers training Iraqi army and police forces.[10][11] Spain also has 150 soldiers in Mali as part of Operation Serval.[11] According to The Economist, Spain has also been attacked in ISIS propaganda supporting recovery of Al-Andalus and the targeting of the Sagrada Família basilica.[11]

Reactions

Main article: Reactions to the 2017 Barcelona attack

Domestic

The King of Spain going to lay a wreath with the President of Catalonia and the Mayoress of Barcelona

Mossos d'Esquadra, the police force of Catalonia, launched Operation Cage to locate the perpetrators.[98] All public events in Barcelona were cancelled, and both Carles Puigdemont, the President of the Generalitat of Catalonia, and Ada Colau, the Mayor of Barcelona, cancelled their holidays to return to the city and take part in crisis management.[99] Likewise, Prime Minister of Spain Mariano Rajoy cancelled his holidays and travelled to Barcelona with the Spanish Deputy Prime Minister, Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, and Juan Ignacio Zoido, the Spanish Minister of the Interior.[100] Spain declared three days of mourning.[101]

The day after the attacks, a minute's silence was observed at Plaça de Catalunya, which was led by King Felipe VI of Spain.[102] During the following days candles and flowers were left at the Joan Miró mosaic at La Rambla, in memory of the victims. The King and Queen also left a wreath in the name of the Crown.[103]

International

Many world leaders reacted to the events, condemning the attacks and expressing shock and solidarity with Spain, as well as offering support.[104]

News sources have asked whether the attack would affect the vote in the 2017 Catalan independence referendum.[11][105][106]

See also

References

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