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5+2 format

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Locator map of Moldova (green) and Transnistria (orange), the main parties of the Transnistria conflict

The 5+2 format,[1] also known as the 5+2 talks,[2] the 5+2 negotiations[3] and the 5+2 process,[4] is a diplomatic negotiation platform aimed at finding a solution to the Transnistria conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized state of Transnistria. It is composed of the latter two, which are designated as "parties to the conflict", and Russia, Ukraine and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), "mediators" of the negotiations. The European Union (EU) and the United States act as "observers".[5][6] The inclusion of Romania into the 5+2 format has been proposed.[7]

The 5+2 format started in 2005, but due to the notice sent by Ukraine to the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) regarding the great amount of Transnistrian smuggling on Ukrainian territory, Transnistria and Russia suspended formal negotiations in 2006, with them only being formally resumed in 2012.[8] In 2022, the 5+2 format was frozen again due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, as both Russia and Ukraine are members of the format.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ Râncioagă, Liviu Ștefan (2012). "Recent evolutions of the political environment in Transnistria" (PDF). Revista de Științe Politice (35): 381–392.
  2. ^ Pieńkowski, Jakub (2017). "Renewal of negotiations on resolving the Transnistria conflict". 125 (1066). Polish Institute of International Affairs: 1–3. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Wolff, Stefan (2011). "A resolvable frozen conflict? Designing a settlement for Transnistria". Nationalities Papers. 39 (6): 863–870. doi:10.1080/00905992.2011.617363. S2CID 110880296.
  4. ^ Sherr, Jame (17 April 2009). "Moldova's crisis: more than a local difficulty" (PDF). Chatham House. pp. 1–4.
  5. ^ Socor, Vladimir (26 September 2018). "De-sovereignization: testing a conflict-resolution model at Moldova's expense in Transnistria (part two)". Jamestown Foundation.
  6. ^ Ivan, Paul (13 March 2014). "Transnistria – where to?" (PDF). European Policy Centre. pp. 1–4.
  7. ^ Botnarenco, Iurii (20 May 2021). "Sergiu Mocanu: Nu putem vorbi despre unirea cu România până nu putem frontieră pe Nistru". Adevărul (in Romanian).
  8. ^ Popescu, Liliana (2013). "The futiliy of the negotiations on Transnistria". European Journal of Science and Theology. 9 (2): 115–126.
  9. ^ "Krasnoselski se plânge iarăși pe Moldova: Criza energetică a răcit relațiile". Timpul (in Romanian). 18 November 2022.
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