General Motors Epsilon platform

GM Epsilon platform
GM Epsilon platform
Overview
Manufacturer	General Motors
Production	2002–present
Body and chassis
Class	Compact executive car (D) platform; Mid-size (D) platform; Large car (E) platform
Layout	Transverse front engine, front-wheel drive/all-wheel drive
Body style(s)	2-door Convertible; 4-door Sedan/Saloon; 5-door Hatchback/Liftback; 5-door Station wagon/Estate/Caravan; 5-door Multi-purpose vehicle
Vehicles	Buick Lacrosse/Alpheon; Cadillac BLS; Cadillac XTS; Chevrolet Classic; Chevrolet Impala; Chevrolet/Holden Malibu; Chevrolet Malibu Maxx; Fiat Croma; Opel Insignia/Buick Regal; Opel Signum; Opel Vectra; Pontiac G6; Roewe 950; Saab 9-3; Saab 9-5; Saturn Aura
Related	GM Alpha platform
Powertrain
Engine(s)	Gasoline/Petrol engines:; Ecotec I4; Ecotec Family 1 I4; 54° V6; High Value V6; High Feature V6; Diesel engines:; Multijet I4, I5; Family B I4; Dmax V6
Chronology
Predecessor	GM N platform; GM2900 platform; GM W platform; GM G platform; GM Zeta Platform

Epsilon is General Motors' mid-size front-wheel drive automobile platform. The architecture was developed by Opel, and debuted in the 2002 Opel Vectra and 2003 Saab 9-3. Since this platform falls squarely in the center of the worldwide automobile market, GM plans to produce a great many Epsilon vehicles with over a dozen variations. As of 2005^[update], it was GM's highest volume worldwide platform. Even after the dissolution of the GM/Fiat partnership, both companies retain the rights to continue developing Epsilon-derived models.

A total of 16 different models have made use of the GM Epsilon platform, some of which remain in production 17 years after the platform debuted.

Features

GM's Epsilon platform replaced the N platform in the US, and replaced the GM2900 platform elsewhere. Vehicles of this platform generally carry the symbol "Z" in the fourth digit of their VINs.

When the platform debuted, there was talk of an "Epsilon Wide" derivative, which was supposed to have provided the underpinnings for the Buick LaCrosse and Saab 9-5. However, the program was cancelled and the LaCrosse was put on the W platform, and the 9-5 was given a quick refresh for the 2006 model year. ^{[citation needed]}

Many of the Epsilon vehicles use the Ecotec Inline-four engines and both the High Value and High Feature V6 engines.

The refreshed 2008 SAAB 9-3 debuted with an advanced version of all-wheel-drive it dubbed XWD, finally giving a definitive answer to rumors about the platform's ability to support AWD, which had been around since the debut of the platform.

The Lambda and Theta Premium crossover platforms are derived from Epsilon. ^{[citation needed]}

Vehicles

Vehicles based on the Epsilon I platform:

Regular
- 2002–2009 Opel Vectra C saloon and liftback
- 2002–2009 Vauxhall Vectra saloon and liftback
- 2002–2009 Holden Vectra
- 2002–2009 Chevrolet Vectra
- 2003–2011 and 2013–2014 Saab 9-3
- 2004–2007 Chevrolet Malibu
- 2004–2007 Chevrolet Malibu MaXX sedan and hatchback
- 2006–2009 Cadillac BLS

Opel Vectra C
Vauxhall Vectra
Holden Vectra
Chevrolet Vectra
Saab 9-3
Saab 9-3 Convertible
Saab 9-3 SportCombi
Saab 9-3X
Cadillac BLS
Cadillac BLS Wagon
Chevrolet Malibu
Chevrolet Malibu MaXX

Extended
- 2002–2009 Opel Vectra C Caravan
- 2002–2009 Vauxhall Vectra Caravan
- 2003–2008 Opel Signum
- 2008–2012 Chevrolet Malibu
- 2005–2010 Pontiac G6
- 2005–2011 Fiat Croma
- 2007–2010 Saturn Aura

Opel Vectra C Caravan
Vauxhall Vectra Estate
Opel Signum
Vauxhall Signum
Chevrolet Malibu
Pontiac G6
Pontiac G6 Coupe
Pontiac G6 Convertible
Saturn Aura
Fiat Croma

Cancelled vehicles which would have used this platform:

2006 midsized Buick ^{[citation needed]}

Epsilon II

A new version of the Epsilon, dubbed Epsilon II, debuted in 2008. It is adaptable for front and all-wheel drive applications. In long wheelbase format, Epsilon II supports US EPA Large Cars, allowing GM to replace the G and W platforms. The architecture was developed by Opel in Rüsselsheim, Germany. Many safety features and AWD fitment modifications were done by Saab.^[2]

Current and announced vehicles built on Epsilon II:

SWB
- 2008–2017 Opel Insignia, Vauxhall Insignia, Holden Insignia VXR, Buick Regal, Chevrolet Vectra (saloon, hatchback, estate) (SWB)
- 2012–2016 Chevrolet Malibu, Holden Malibu (SWB)
SL LWB
- 2010–2016 Buick LaCrosse/Alpheon (SL LWB)
- 2010–2012 Saab 9-5 (SL LWB)
- 2012–present Roewe 950 (SL LWB)^[3]
EL LWB
- 2012–2019 Cadillac XTS (EL LWB)
- 2014–2019 Chevrolet Impala (EL LWB)

Opel Insignia
Opel Insignia OPC
Opel Insignia Sports Tourer
Vauxhall Insignia
Vauxhall Insignia Estate
Buick Regal
Buick Regal GS
Holden Insignia VXR
Chevrolet Vectra
Buick LaCrosse
Alpheon EL300
Roewe 950
Chevrolet Malibu
Chevrolet Impala
Cadillac XTS
Saab 9-5

Concept vehicles built on Epsilon II:

2007 Buick Riviera
2007 Opel GTC Concept

Buick Riviera Concept (2007)
Opel GTC Concept

E2XX

E2XX is the successor to the Epsilon II platform. It is development of the Epsilon II platform, consistent with other platform revamps, such as the D2XX based on Delta II.

The E2XX platform targets weight reductions and longer wheelbases.

Vehicles

Vehicle built on E2XX:

2016–present Chevrolet Malibu
2017–present Opel Insignia
2017-present Vauxhall Insignia
2018–present Buick Regal
2018–2020 Holden Commodore (ZB)
2019–present Cadillac XT4
2021–present Buick Envision

Chevrolet Malibu
Opel Insignia Grand Sport
Opel Insignia Sports Tourer
Opel Insignia Country Tourer
Opel Insignia GSi
Vauxhall Insignia Grand Sport
Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer
Buick Regal Sportback
Buick Regal GS
Buick Regal TourX
Holden Commodore (ZB)
Holden Commodore (ZB) Tourer
Cadillac XT4
Buick Envision

P2XX

P2XX is the longer variant of the E2XX platform.

Vehicle built on P2XX:

Buick LaCrosse

Buick LaCrosse

C1XX

C1XX is the crossover variant of the E2XX platform, replacing the Theta Premium and Lambda platforms.

Vehicles built on C1XX:

Smaller mid-size:

2017–present Cadillac XT5
2019–present Chevrolet Blazer
2017–present GMC Acadia
2018-2020 Holden Acadia

Cadillac XT5
Chevrolet Blazer
GMC Acadia
Holden Acadia

Larger mid-size:

2018–present Buick Enclave (China)
2020–present Cadillac XT6
2019–present Chevrolet Blazer (China)

Buick Enclave
Cadillac XT6
Chevrolet Blazer

Full size:

2018–present Buick Enclave
2018-present Chevrolet Traverse

Buick Enclave
Chevrolet Traverse

Footnotes

^ https://www.autoevolution.com/news/general-motors-vehicle-platforms-explained-from-the-gamma-to-the-all-new-gm-omega-platform-93953.html
^ Meiners, Jens (May 2009). "Spied: 2010 Saab 9-5". Car and Driver. Hearst Magazines. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
^ Sutcliffe, Ashley (12 April 2012). "Roewe | Roewe 950 hits the market, priced competitively". chinacartimes.com. China Car Times – China Auto News. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

References

Kranz, Rich (April 12, 2005). "GM lagging behind in booming sport wagon market". AutoWeek. Retrieved April 12, 2005.
Smith, Mike (March 1, 2014). "2014 Chevrolet Malibu Safety Cage". Retrieved March 1, 2014.

[1] ttps://www.autoevolution.com/news/general-motors-vehicle-platforms-explained-from-the-gamma-to-the-all-new-gm-omega-platform-93953.html

[2] Meiners, Jens (May 2009). "Spied: 2010 Saab 9-5". Car and Driver. Hearst Magazines. Retrieved 2013-05-05.

[Chinacartimes_2012-04-12_05-09-3] Sutcliffe, Ashley (12 April 2012). "Roewe | Roewe 950 hits the market, priced competitively". chinacartimes.com. China Car Times – China Auto News. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

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v t e General Motors platforms
Marques
In production
Cars	Gamma Delta (D2XX/PATAC K) BEV3 GEM VSS-F Epsilon (E2XX/P2XX) Alpha Omega Y
Trucks/SUVs	BT1 C1XX GMT (31XX, 610, T1XX) U
Retired
Cars	A (FWD, RWD) B BEV2 C (FWD, RWD) D E F G (FWD, RWD) GM2900 GM4200 H (FWD, RWD) HQ J K (FWD, RWD) Kappa L M (FWD, RWD) N P (RWD, FWD) Premium R S SCCS Sigma T (FWD, RWD) V (FWD, RWD) W X (FWD, RWD) Y Z Zeta
Trucks/SUVs	C/K Series GMT (325/330, 345/745, 355, 360, 400, 530/560, 600, 800, 900, K2XX) Lambda Theta
Future
Cars	VSS-R
Trucks/SUVs	VSS-S VSS-T
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