Bharathan

For the 2007 Malayalam science fiction thriller film, see Bharathan Effect.

Bharathan
Born	(1946-11-14)14 November 1946 Enkakkad Thrissur, Wadakanchery, Trichur, Kingdom of Cochin
Died	30 July 1998(1998-07-30) (aged 51) Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Occupation(s)	Art director, sculptor, poster designer, film director, lyricist, music composer, editor
Years active	1973–98
Spouse	K. P. A. C. Lalitha
Children	Sreekutti, Siddharth
Relatives	P. N. Menon (uncle)

Bharathan (14 November 1946 – 30 July 1998) was an Indian film maker, artist, and art director. Bharathan is noted for being the founder of a new school of film making in Malayalam cinema, along with Padmarajan and K. G. George, in the 1980s, which created films that were widely received while also being critically acclaimed. Known for his unconventional works, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest film makers in the Indian Film Industry of all time as well as one of the directors who revolutionised Malayalam Cinema. A train of directors, and screenwriters followed this school onto the 1990s including Sibi Malayil, Kamal, Lohithadas and Jayaraj. He was born at Engakkadu near Wadakkancherry, in present-day Thrissur district of Kerala, India.

Early career

After completing his diploma from the College of Fine Arts, Thrissur, Bharathan entered films as an art director Gandharavakshetram (1972), directed by A. Vincent. He was inspired by his uncle P. N. Menon, an established director. After working as an art director and assistant director in a few films, he made his directorial debut in 1975 with Prayanam, which was based on Padmarajan's script. It also marked the rise of two early proponents of middle-stream Malayalam cinema.

Style and themes

Bharathan's films were known for their realistic portrayal of rural life in Kerala. Melodrama and escapism, often an integral part of mainstream cinema in India, were usually absent in his films. He also managed to steer clear of the "star-centric" culture, prevalent in Indian cinema, throughout his career. His later films did involve major movie stars but usually without compromising on plot or narrative. Bharathan, along with Padmarajan and K. G. George were largely responsible for introducing a counter culture of meaningful mainstream cinema which often tread the middle path between art-house and commercial cinema. This movement was often called the "middle of the road cinema". Bharathan's films were known for their visually appealing shot compositions. His background as a painter enabled him to create frames that were often credited for their visual beauty. Natural props and nature itself often became important characters in his films (like the railway track in Palangal, or the sea in Amaram). Bharathan is one of the few Indian directors known to use an elaborate story-board system for filming. He also often designed the posters for his films.

Several of his early films were known for their bold portrayal of sexual themes. His films often defied social conventions and norms about man-woman relationships. Rathinirvedam was the sexual-coming-of-age story of the relationship between a teenager and an older woman while Chamaram dealt with the tumultuous affair between a student and his college lecturer. In Kattathe Kilikkoodu an elderly, married Professor falls for his student. Kaathodu Kaathoram was about the social ostracism of a woman who has an adulterous relationship.

The latter half of Bharathan's career saw a distinct change in film making style characterized by a wider canvas, more attention to detail with more distinct focus on narrative style (e.g., Vaishali, Amaram, Thaazhvaaram, and Thevar Magan). Some critics argue that this quest for technical excellence was at the expense of the quality of thematic content. Films like Vaishali and Amaram (where he collaborated with acclaimed cinematographer Madhu Ambat) set a new benchmark for cinematographic excellence in Malayalam and Indian Cinema. Thaazhvaaram was stylistically inspired by classic Hollywood Westerns though the theme and backdrop were distinctly original.

His last few films (Manjeeradhwani, Devaraagam and Churam) were received moderately by critics.

Film career

Bharathan directed over 40 films in Malayalam and Tamil. Starting his career in 1975 with Prayanam, Bharathan rode to fame with his off-beat Thakara, a film about a dumb-witted central character who falls in love with the village beauty. Some of his other memorable films include Rathinirvedam, Chamaram, Paalangal, Amaram, and Vaishali.

His association with Padmarajan led to films including Rathi Nirvedam and Thakara. Rathi Nirvedam was a treatment of teenage sexual angst. In Thakara, he deals with life and longings of an intellectually disabled youth and his association with the society.

In the early 1980s he made several notable movies like Chamaram , Marmaram , Paalangal , Ormakkayi , Kattathe Kilikkoodu, and many more. They did well in theaters and set the trend for meaningful mainstream cinema. Other noted directors followed suit. It was the romantic era of Malayalam cinema.

Not all of Bharathan's films skirted with bold themes and controversy. In Oru Minnaaminunginte Nurunguvettam (1987), he tells the poignant story of a childless couple in their post retirement life. It deals with the isolation and loneliness that comes with old age. The film was a departure from Bharathan's usual style and proved to be a major commercial hit while garnering critical acclaim, too.

Screenwriter Lohithadas, director Bharathan and cinematographer Ramachandra Babu at the location of Venkalam.

His Vaisali (1988) is widely regarded as a modern-day masterpiece in Malayalam cinema. Scripted by the iconic Malayalam novelist M. T. Vasudevan Nair, it was an adaptation of a sub-story told in the epic Mahabharatha. Another movie born from their association was Thazhvaram, with versatile star actor Mohanlal. The subject was revenge, a theme quite uncharacteristic of Bharathan movies. The style was inspired by classic Westerns with a brooding, reticent central character and expansive shots of barren landscape.

Even though he was not known to cater to the star-centric system, Bharathan was instrumental in bringing together the two screen icons of Tamil cinema Sivaji Ganesan and Kamal Hassan in the Tamil film Thevar Magan which won critical acclaim and box office success. Sivaji gave an uncharacteristically restrained yet brilliant performance. The movie won several national awards and was remade into many regional languages (most notably Virasat in Hindi).

His more experimental films include Aaravam, more an arthouse than commercial venture, and Nidra, about the plight of a woman who is in love with a mentally deranged man. His film "Nidra" was remade by his son, film director Sidharth Bharathan. "Rathinirvedam" originally directed by Bharathan, which was a noted film was also remade by another famous director T K Rajeev Kumar with Swetha Menon in the lead.

Apart from film direction, he also wrote lyrics and tuned songs for his films. (e.g., lyrics for "Thaaram Valkannadi Nokki" in Keli and "Tharum Thalirum Mizhipootti" in Chilambu or title song for Kathodu Kathoram). He collaborated with writer P. R. Nathan in Keli.

Later life

Bharatan died at a private hospital in Chennai on 30 July 1998 at the age of 52 following prolonged illness. His last film was 'Churam', which released a year before his death. His mortal remains were brought back to his ancestral home at Wadakkanchery and cremated with full state honours.

Personal life

Bharathan was married to theatre and film actress K. P. A. C. Lalitha with whom he associated in a lot of films before and after marriage. They had two children - Sreekutty, a former child actress, and Sidharth Bharathan, a film actor and director.

Filmography

Film	Year	Director	Writer	Art-director	Composer	Editor	Notes	Ref.
1972	Chembarathi			Yes
1972	Gandharvakshethram			Yes
1973	Chenda			Yes
1973	Dharmayudham			Yes
1973	Ponnaapuram Kotta			Yes
1973	Enippadikal			Yes
1973	Maadhavikkutty			Yes
1974	Rajahamsam			Yes
1974	Chakravaakam			Yes
1974	Neelakkannukal			Yes
1974	Mucheettukalikkaarante Makal			Yes
1975	Prayanam	Yes		Yes
1976	Surveykkallu			Yes
1976	Ponni			Yes
1976	Yudhakaandam			Yes
1977	Guruvayur Kesavan	Yes		Yes
1978	Rathinirvedam	Yes
1978	Aniyara	Yes
1978	Njaan Njaan Maathram			Yes
1978	Aaravam	Yes	Yes	Yes
1979	Thakara	Yes		Yes
1980	Lorry	Yes
1980	Savithiri	Yes		Yes			Tamil film
1980	Chamaram	Yes		Yes
1981	Nidra	Yes	Yes	Yes
1981	Palangal	Yes		Yes
1981	Parankimala	Yes		Yes
1981	Chatta	Yes	Yes	Yes
1981	Parvathy	Yes		Yes
1982	Marmaram	Yes		Yes
1982	Ormakkayi	Yes		Yes
1983	Eenam	Yes			Yes
1983	Sandhya Mayangum Neram	Yes
1983	Kattathe Kilikkoodu	Yes		Yes
1984	Ente Upasana	Yes
1985	Kathodu Kathoram	Yes			Yes
1984	Ithiripoove Chuvannapoove	Yes		Yes
1985	Ozhivukaalam	Yes
1985	Oonjalaadum Uravugal	Yes					Tamil film
1986	Chilambu	Yes
1986	Pranamam	Yes					Also lyricist
1987	Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam	Yes		Yes		Yes
1987	Neela Kurinji Poothappol	Yes
1988	Vaisali	Yes				Yes
1989	Oru Sayahnathinte Swapnam	Yes		Yes		Yes
1990	Thazhvaram	Yes		Yes	Yes
1990	Malootty	Yes		Yes
1991	Amaram	Yes
1991	Keli	Yes			Yes
1992	Aavarampoo	Yes		Yes			Tamil film
1992	Thevar Magan	Yes					Tamil film
1993	Venkalam	Yes
1993	Chamayam	Yes
1993	Padheyam	Yes
1996	Devaraagam	Yes	Yes
1997	Churam	Yes	Yes
1998	Manjeeradhwani	Yes	Yes

Awards

National Film Awards

• 1992: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Thevar Magan

Filmfare Awards South

• 1979: Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam Thakara
• 1980: Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam Chamaram
• 1984: Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam Ithiri Poove Chuvannapoove

Kerala State Film Awards

No.	Year	Category	Film(s)
1	1975	Best Art Director	Prayanam
2	1979	Best Art Director	Thakara
3	1980	Best Art Director	Chamaram
4	1980	Second Best Film	Chamaram
5	1981	Best Art Director	Chatta
6	1982	Best Film	Marmaram
7	1982	Second Best Film	Ormakkayi
8	1982	Best Director	Marmaram, Ormakkayi
9	1982	Best Art Director	Ormakkayi
10	1984	Best Art Director	Ithiri Poove Chuvannapoove
11	1987	Best Popular Film	Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam
12	1992	Best Popular Film	Venkalam

External links

• Bharathan at IMDb
• ml:ഭരതന്‍ (ചലച്ചിത്ര സംവിധായകന്‍)
• "Bharathan". Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
• cinemaofmalayalam.net: Profile
• prd.kerala.gov.in: Malayalam Cinema Introduction