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Cape Girardeau, Missouri

Coordinates: 37°18′33″N 89°32′47″W / 37.30917°N 89.54639°W / 37.30917; -89.54639
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"Cape Girardeau" redirects here. For the Cape Girardeau meteorite of 1846, see Meteorite fall. For ships named Cape Girardeau, see SS Cape Girardeau.

Cape Girardeau, Missouri
City
City of Cape Girardeau
Downtown Cape Girardeau
Downtown Cape Girardeau
Nicknames: 
Cape, The City of Roses, River City
Location of Cape Girardeau within County and State
Location of Cape Girardeau within County and State
Coordinates: 37°18′33″N 89°32′47″W / 37.30917°N 89.54639°W / 37.30917; -89.54639
CountryUnited States
StateMissouri
CountiesCape Girardeau, Scott
Founded1793
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
 • MayorBob Fox
Area
[1]
 • City29.12 sq mi (75.42 km2)
 • Land29.06 sq mi (75.26 km2)
 • Water0.06 sq mi (0.15 km2)
Elevation
351 ft (107 m)
Population
 (2010)[2]
 • City37,941
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
40,559
 • Density1,395.70/sq mi (538.89/km2)
 • Metro
134,051
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP Code
63701–63703, 63705
Area code573
FIPS code29-11242[4]
GNIS feature ID0731549[5]
Websitewww.cityofcapegirardeau.org

Cape Girardeau (/ˈkeɪp dʒɪˈrɑːrdoʊ/, Template:Lang-fr [kap ʒiʁaʁdo] ⓘ; colloquially referred to as "Cape") is a city in Cape Girardeau County and Scott County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is located approximately 100 miles (161 km) southeast of St. Louis and 150 miles (241 km) north of Memphis. As of the 2019 United States Census Bureau estimates, the city's population was 40,559, making it the 17th-largest city in Missouri,[3] and the largest city in Southeast Missouri. An emerging college town, it's the home of Southeast Missouri State University.

History

Map of Cape Girardeau and vicinity, showing location of its forts (September 1865).

The city is named after Jean Baptiste de Girardot, who established a temporary trading post in the area around 1733. He was a French soldier stationed at Kaskaskia between 1704 and 1720 in the French colony of La Louisiane. The "Cape" in the city name referred to a rock promontory overlooking the Mississippi River; it was later destroyed by railroad construction.[6] As early as 1765, a bend in the Mississippi River, about 60 miles (97 km) south of the French village of Ste. Genevieve, had been referred to as Cape Girardot or Girardeau (both pronounced the same in French).

The settlement of Girardeau is said to date from 1793 when the Spanish government, which had acquired Louisiana in 1764 following the French defeat in the Seven Years' War, granted Louis Lorimier, a French-Canadian, the right to establish a trading post. This gave him trading privileges and a large tract of land surrounding his post. Lorimier was made commandant of the district and prospered from the returns on his land sales and trade with indigenous peoples, such as the Ozark Bluff Dwellers and the Mississippian people.

Also in 1793, Baron Carondelet granted land near Cape Girardeau to the Black Bob Band of the Hathawekela Shawnee, who had migrated from across the Mississippi River. The Band became known as the Cape Girardeau Shawnee. They successfully resisted removal to Indian Territory with the rest of the Shawnee tribe until 1833.[7][8][9]

In 1799, American settlers founded the first English school west of the Mississippi River in Cape Girardeau at a landmark called Mount Tabor, named by the settlers for the Biblical Mount Tabor.[10]

The town of Cape Girardeau was incorporated in 1808, prior to Missouri statehood. It was reincorporated as a city in 1843. The advent of the steamboat in 1835 and related river trade stimulated the development of Cape Girardeau as the biggest port on the Mississippi River between St. Louis, Missouri and Memphis, Tennessee.[citation needed]

During the Civil War, the city was the site of the Battle of Cape Girardeau on April 26, 1863. The Union and Confederate armies engaged in a minor four-hour skirmish, each sustaining casualties generally believed to be in the low double-digits.

For years travelers had to use ferries to cross the Mississippi River from Cape Girardeau. In September 1928 a bridge was completed between Missouri and Illinois. Built to accommodate cars, it was 20 feet (6.1 m) wide under standards of the time.[11]

The Old Federal Courthouse, located at Broadway and Fountain Streets and built in the late 1940s, was the subject of a U.S. Supreme Court case when it was being developed. In United States v. Carmack, 329 U.S. 230 (1946), the Court upheld the federal government's authority under the Condemnation Act of 1888 to seize land owned by a state or locality.[12]

In December 2003, the "Old Bridge" was succeeded by a new four-lane cable-stayed bridge crossing the Mississippi River at Cape Girardeau. Its official name is "The Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge.", honoring former U.S. Rep. Bill Emerson (R-Mo.) The two towers of the bridge reach a height of approximately 91 metres (299 ft). The "Old Bridge" was demolished after the Emerson Bridge opened.

The City of Cape Girardeau was recognized in January 2008 by First Lady Laura Bush as a Preserve America Community for its work in surveying and protecting historic buildings.[13]

The city is known to some as "The City of Roses" because of a 9-mile (14 km) stretch of highway that was once lined with dozens of rose bushes.[citation needed] Although there used to be many prominent rose gardens around the community, few of these gardens have been maintained. The city is also known as "Cape Girardeau: Where the River Turns a Thousand Tales," due to the history of the town and the Mississippi River.

Historic landmarks

Waterfront of Cape Girardeau along the Mississippi River during the Great Flood of 1993.

Numerous murals commemorate the city's history. The largest is the Mississippi River Tales Mural, located on the city's downtown floodwall. Covering nearly 18,000 square feet (1,700 m2), it spans the length of the downtown shopping district and features 24 panels. Behind the floodwall lies the Riverfront Park of Cape Girardeau Missouri, where riverboats dock and visitors can view the Mississippi River.

There are 39 historic sites in Cape Girardeau that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, eight are historic districts, such as Cape Girardeau Commercial Historic District, which was listed in 2000 and includes multiple contributing properties. The growth of the town can be documented through Sanborn Maps, over 80 of which are available online.[14] Other landmarks include the Fort D Historic Site and the Confederate War Memorial.

Among the city's older cemeteries are Apple Creek Cemetery, Salem Cemetery, and Old Lorimier Cemetery.

Geography

Cape Girardeau is located at 37°18′33″N 89°32′47″W / 37.30917°N 89.54639°W / 37.30917; -89.54639 (37.309042, −89.546498).[15] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.49 square miles (73.79 km2), of which 28.43 square miles (73.63 km2) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km2) is water.[16] The "cape" that the city is named after no longer exists. A rock which remains from the previously existing cape can be seen on a promontory which overlooks the Mississippi River in Cape Rock Park.

Climate

Cape Girardeau has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinct seasons and is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6b.[17] Winter typically brings a mix of rain, sleet, and snow, with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. The city has a January daily average of 33.1 °F (0.6 °C) and averages 14 days annually with temperatures staying at or below freezing; the first and last freezes of the season on average fall on October 23 and April 7, respectively.[18] Summer is typically hazy, hot, and humid with a July daily average of 78.6 °F (25.9 °C), and there is an average of 48 days a year with high temperatures at or above 90 °F (32 °C).[18] The average annual precipitation is 46.8 inches (1,190 mm), with the rainiest season being spring.[18] Extremes in temperature range from 107 °F (42 °C), which last occurred on June 29, 2012, down to −18 °F (−28 °C) on January 11, 1977.[18]

Climate data for Cape Girardeau Regional Airport, Missouri (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1960–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 73
(23) 		79
(26) 		94
(34) 		91
(33) 		97
(36) 		107
(42) 		106
(41) 		105
(41) 		100
(38) 		93
(34) 		82
(28) 		76
(24) 		107
(42)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 42.4
(5.8) 		47.8
(8.8) 		58.2
(14.6) 		68.8
(20.4) 		77.8
(25.4) 		86.3
(30.2) 		89.4
(31.9) 		88.7
(31.5) 		81.3
(27.4) 		70.4
(21.3) 		57.4
(14.1) 		44.9
(7.2) 		67.8
(19.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 23.9
(−4.5) 		28.0
(−2.2) 		36.0
(2.2) 		45.5
(7.5) 		55.6
(13.1) 		64.2
(17.9) 		67.8
(19.9) 		65.4
(18.6) 		56.3
(13.5) 		45.1
(7.3) 		36.2
(2.3) 		27.0
(−2.8) 		45.9
(7.7)
Record low °F (°C) −18
(−28) 		−14
(−26) 		4
(−16) 		18
(−8) 		30
(−1) 		43
(6) 		49
(9) 		45
(7) 		33
(1) 		23
(−5) 		8
(−13) 		−11
(−24) 		−18
(−28)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.47
(88) 		3.41
(87) 		4.40
(112) 		4.36
(111) 		5.46
(139) 		3.57
(91) 		3.36
(85) 		3.02
(77) 		3.28
(83) 		3.79
(96) 		4.44
(113) 		4.25
(108) 		46.81
(1,190)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 3.7
(9.4) 		4.4
(11) 		1.2
(3.0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0.1
(0.25) 		1.8
(4.6) 		11.4
(28.76)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.6 8.7 11.0 10.6 12.3 9.8 8.9 7.6 7.7 8.5 10.0 9.8 113.5
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 2.5 2.4 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 1.4 7.9
Source: NOAA[18][19]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18602,663—
18703,58534.6%
18803,8898.5%
18904,29710.5%
19004,81512.1%
19108,47576.0%
192010,25221.0%
193016,22758.3%
194019,42619.7%
195021,57811.1%
196024,94715.6%
197031,28225.4%
198034,3619.8%
199034,4380.2%
200035,3492.6%
201037,9417.3%
2019 (est.)40,559[3]6.9%
source:[20]

The Cape Girardeau-Jackson, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area encompasses Alexander County, Illinois, Bollinger County, Missouri and Cape Girardeau County, Missouri and has a population of 96,275.

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 37,941 people, 15,205 households, and 8,466 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,334.5 inhabitants per square mile (515.3/km2). There were 16,760 housing units at an average density of 589.5 per square mile (227.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 81.13% White (80.21% Non-Hispanic White), 12.75% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 1.89% Asian, 0.04% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 1.54% from other races, and 2.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.76% of the population.

There were 15,205 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 38.8% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.3% under the age of 18, 20.2% between the ages of 18 and 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age in the city was 32.1 years. The gender makeup of the city was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census

As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 35,349 people, 14,380 households, and 8,297 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,456.5 people per square mile (562.4/km2). There were 15,827 housing units at an average density of 652.1 per square mile (251.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.32% White, 9.30% Black or African American, 1.13% Asian, 0.39% Native American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 1.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population.

There were 14,380 households, of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.3% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 20.5% under the age of 18, 18.4% from ages 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,502, and the median income for a family was $47,592. Males had a median income of $31,575 versus $21,392 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,877. About 8.5% of families and 15.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 and over.

Economy

According to the Cape Girardeau Chamber of Commerce, there are more than 100 employers in Cape Girardeau who employ at least 100 workers. The top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Southeast Health 2,950
2 St. Francis Medical Center 2,576
3 Procter & Gamble 1,200
4 Southeast Missouri State University 1,107
5 Cape Girardeau Public Schools 713
6 Drury Hotels 582
7 Jackson R-II School District 479
8 Robinson Construction 475
9 Isle of Capri Casino 450
10 Mondi 428

Health

St. Francis HealthCare System serves the Cape Girardeau area. This system contains six different centers. St. Francis offers immediate care in Cape Girardeau and Perryville. Landmark Hospital is a 30-bed facility that treats patients with catastrophic or chronic medical conditions. St. Francis also has joint partnership with the Physician Alliance Surgery Center, which performs ear, nose, throat, and general surgery. The Black River Medical Center offers three beds and an emergency room. The main medical center is a 308-bed facility in Cape Girardeau that serves over 650,000 people. Patients come from Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, and Arkansas. Some of the services offered at the main campus are the Neurosciences Institute, Orthopedic Institute, Family BirthPlace, Heart Hospital, Emergency and Trauma Center, Cancer Institute, and Fitness Plus.

Southeast Health is a health care system with its main facility, Southeast Missouri Hospital, located in Cape Girardeau. This healthcare system serves patients from southeast Missouri, western Kentucky, southern Illinois, and northern Arkansas. Southeast Health also has a cancer center, heart center, fitness center, breast care and diagnostic center, campus health clinic, diabetes center, pharmacy, and hospice. Additional hospice services, including respite for caregivers and grief & bereavement services can be found at Crown Hospice, which serves the Cape Girardeau and Poplar Bluff areas.

Government

Municipal

Cape Girardeau is a home rule city that utilizes the council-manager form of government. The Cape Girardeau City Council is the elected governing body. The city council consists of the mayor and six city council members. The mayor is directly elected at-large (citywide) for a four-year term and the city council members are elected from six wards for staggered four-year terms.

Ward Council Member First Elected
1 Dan Presson 2018
2 Shelly Moore 2014
3 Nate Thomas 2020
4 Robbie Guard 2016
5 Shannon Truxel 2020
6 Stacy Kinder 2018

State and federal

In the Missouri General Assembly, Cape Girardeau is in the 27th Senate District and is currently represented by Republican Wayne Wallingford. Most of the city is included in the 147th Legislative District and is currently represented by Republican Kathy Swan; small northern portions of the city are in the 146th Legislative District, represented by Republican Donna Lichtenegger.

In the U.S. House of Representatives, Cape Girardeau is in Missouri's 8th Congressional District and is currently represented by Republican Jason T. Smith of Salem in Dent County.

Presidential

Cape Girardeau city vote
by party in presidential elections[21]
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2016 32.02% 4,547 62.13% 8,823 5.85% 830
2012 35.34% 5,143 62.40% 9,081 2.25% 328
2008 39.90% 6,275 58.83% 9,252 1.28% 201
2004 35.72% 5,430 63.44% 9,645 0.84% 128
2000 35.26% 4,792 62.22% 8,456 2.52% 342
1996 38.79% 5,582 54.64% 7,863 6.57% 946

During the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries, Democrats in the city gave a majority of their votes to former Vice President Joe Biden. He received 1,635 votes (54.88%) out of the total 2,979 votes cast in the city. Bernie Sanders, who had won the city four years earlier in 2016, placed second with 1,241 votes (41.66%). Although she had suspended her campaign before the date of the Missouri primary, U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts garnered 35 votes (2.14%) to finish third ahead of U.S. Representative Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii with 24 votes (0.81%). Former Mayor Michael Bloomberg of New York City followed in fifth with 17 votes (0.57%).

Although he did not face a serious primary challenge in 2020, incumbent President Donald J. Trump clinched 1,818 votes (97.53%) out of the total 1,864 votes cast in the city during the 2020 Republican presidential primaries. Among the 46 defections, 26 (1.40%) voted uncommitted while 10 voters (0.54%) choose former Governor of Massachusetts and 2016 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee Bill Weld and six voters (0.32%) opted for former U.S. Representative Joe Walsh of Illinois.

In the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, GOP voters in the city of Cape Girardeau backed U.S. Senator Ted Cruz of Texas with 2,802 votes (47.29 percent) over real estate entrepreneur Donald J. Trump who finished second with 2,159 votes (36.44 percent). Former Governor John R. Kasich of Ohio finished third with 568 votes (9.59 percent) ahead of U.S. Senator Marco Rubio of Florida with 267 votes (4.51 percent).

In the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries, Democratic voters in the city supported U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont with 1,334 votes (52.64 percent) over former Secretary of State and U.S. Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton of New York with 1,179 votes (46.53 percent). Likewise, Clinton carried the city eight years earlier in the 2008 Democratic primaries with 2,057 votes (51.43 percent) over former U.S. Senator Barack Obama of neighboring Illinois who received 1,812 votes (45.30 percent) in the city. Former U.S. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina placed third with 102 votes (2.55 percent).

In the 2008 Republican presidential primaries, GOP voters in the city of Cape Girardeau supported former Governor of Massachusetts and current U.S. Senator Mitt Romney of Utah with 1,922 votes (38.48 percent) over former U.S. Senator John McCain of Arizona with 1,592 votes (31.87 percent). Former Governor Mike Huckabee of neighboring Arkansas placed in a not-so-distant third with 1,192 votes (23.86 percent) ahead of former U.S. Representative and libertarian Ron Paul of Texas with 193 votes (3.86 percent).[21]

Education

There are over 20 different schools in Cape Girardeau. These range from pre-kindergarten to higher education. Public and private and parochial school systems are present within the city.

Public schools

Cape Central High School
  • Alma Schrader Elementary – 1360 Randol Ave
  • Blanchard Elementary – 1829 N Sprigg St
  • Clippard Elementary – 2880 Hopper Road
  • Franklin Elementary – 1550 Themis St
  • Jefferson Elementary – 520 S Minnesota Ave
  • Central Middle School – 1900 Thilenius St
  • Central Junior High School – 205 Caruthers St
  • Central Senior High School – 1000 S Silver Springs Road
  • Career and Technology Center – 1080 S Silver Springs Road
  • Alternative Education Center – 330 N Spring St

Private schools

  • Cape Christian School – 2911 Kage Rd
  • Notre Dame Regional High School – 265 Notre Dame Dr
  • Trinity Lutheran School – 55 N Pacific St
  • Eagle Ridge Christian School – 4210 State Highway K
  • Prodigy Leadership Academy – 1301 N Middle St
  • St Mark Lutheran Preschool – 1900 Cape La Croix Road
  • St. Mary's Cathedral School – 210 S Sprigg St
  • St. Vincent De Paul Grade School – 1912 Ritter St

Colleges

  • Cape Girardeau Partnership for Higher Education – 1080 S Silver Springs Road
  • Metro Business College – 1732 N Kingshighway St
  • Southeast Missouri State University – 1 University Plaza
  • Southeast Hospital College of Nursing & Health Sciences – 2001 William St
  • Eclipse School-Cosmetology – 52 S Plaza Way
  • Trend Setters-Cosmetology Inc – 835 S Kingshighway

Public library

The city has one public library: the Municipal Library District of the City of Cape Girardeau.[22]

Transportation

The Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge.

The City of Cape Girardeau has established a Transportation Trust Fund that implements a .5% local sales tax. All of that money is used on transportation improvement projects. General projects are also included to keep the city's streets in good condition.[citation needed]

On June 15, 2000 the Cape Girardeau County Commission passed Resolution 00-06 which formed the Cape Girardeau County Transportation Commission. The CGCTA now offers transportation to the citizens of Cape Girardeau County, which ultimately benefits the citizens of the city of Cape Girardeau. The services that the CGCTA offer are essentially buses and taxis.

In 2011, Cape Girardeau launched the Ride the City campaign. This dedicated 16 miles of bicycle lanes in city streets. There are lanes that are used only by bicycles and lanes where motor vehicles and bicycles can share space.

Public transit

Buses are offered to the citizens by the Cape Transit Authority and have several stops throughout the city. A general admission is $2, senior citizens are $1, and children ages 6 and under are free. Special pick-ups can be made to those who are disabled and live within three-fourths of mile from a designated stop. The Cape Girardeau County Transit Authority handles the city's bus and taxi service. Greyhound buses are also available for long-distance transit. Cape Girardeau is home to local rideshare service, carGO technologies that provides rides from anywhere in Cape Girardeau to surrounding cities such as, Jackson and Scott city.

Air

The City of Cape Girardeau owns the Cape Girardeau Regional Airport. This is a full-service airport that offers flights to and from O'Hare Airport in Chicago, Illinois.

  • James McMurtry's "Song for a Deck Hand's Daughter" is set in Cape Girardeau.
  • The novel Killshot by Elmore Leonard is set in this city. The novel was adapted as a 2009 film based on Leonard's novel; numerous scenes were shot on location in Cape Girardeau.
  • Scenes for the film Gone Girl (2014), which is set in the fictional North Carthage, Missouri, were shot in Cape Girardeau.[23][24]
  • The 13th episode of the TV series Supernatural, "Route 666", which is said to take place in Cape Girardeau.
  • The traditional folk song, "Hang Me, Oh Hang Me", most notably arranged by Dave Van Ronk, features a singer who has traveled the world, specifically mentioning visiting Cape Girardeau.[25] The song was featured in the 2013 film Inside Llewyn Davis, being performed by Oscar Isaac twice in the movie.
  • In the novel Train Man (1999) by P.T. Deutermann, the Thebes bridge south of Cape Girardeau spanning the Mississippi River to Illinois is a key plot point in the race by FBI investigators to find persons unknown who are sequentially demolishing all railroad bridges that cross the River, causing mayhem and massive delays for all rail transportation in the contiguous United States.
  • The Glenn House, a historical building in downtown Cape Girardeau that is said to be haunted, was featured on Season 2 Episode 8 of A&E's "Ghost Hunters."[26][27]

Notable people

See also: List of Southeast Missouri State University notable people

References

  1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  3. ^ a b c "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  5. ^ "U.S. Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  6. ^ "History of Cape Girardeau". City of Cape Girardeau. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
  7. ^ "Hathawekela Indian Tribe History". Access Genealogy. 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  8. ^ "Johnson-Wallace & Fish-Kirk Family Pedigree Charts Chief Paschal "Pas-Cal-We" Fish". May 19, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  9. ^ John Mack Faragher (1997). ""More Motley than Mackinaw": From Ethnic Mixing to Ethnic Cleansing on the Frontier of the Lower Missouri, 1783–1833". Retrieved February 17, 2013.
  10. ^ "Anniversaries in 1949 of Events Recorded in The Missourian Files". Southeast Missouri. Cape Girardeau, Missouri. January 29, 1949.
  11. ^ Mary Charlotte Aubry Costello (1995). Climbing the Mississippi River Bridge by Bridge. Mary C. Costello. p. 48. ISBN 0-9644518-1-6.
  12. ^ Dimitrakopoulos, Dionyssis G. (2007). Individual Rights and Liberties Under the U.S. Constitution: The Case Law of the U.S. Supreme Court. Boston: M. Nijhoff. p. 820. ISBN 978-90-04-15791-0.
  13. ^ "Cape Girardeau, Missouri | Advisory Council on Historic Preservation". www.achp.gov.
  14. ^ Sanborn Maps for Missouri: Cape Girardeau, University of Missouri Digital Library. Accessed March 14, 2011.
  15. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  16. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  17. ^ United States Department of Agriculture. United States National Arboretum. USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map [archived March 3, 2015; Retrieved February 19, 2015].
  18. ^ a b c d e "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  19. ^ "Station Name: MO CAPE GIRARDEAU MUNI AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  20. ^ "Missouri Population 1900 – 1990" (PDF). Missouri Census Data Center. Archived from the original (CSV) on July 4, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  21. ^ a b "Election Results". capecountyelections.com.
  22. ^ "Missouri Public Libraries". PublicLibraries.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
  23. ^ Lewis, Keith (October 20, 2013). "'Gone Girl' author talks about her Missouri roots". Southeast Missourian. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  24. ^ Williams, Joe (October 3, 2014). "'Gone Girl' shifts film focus to Missouri". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  25. ^ "Dave Van Ronk – Hang Me Oh Hang Me" – via genius.com.
  26. ^ "Watch The Glenn Family Curse Full Episode - Ghost Hunters" – via aetv.com.
  27. ^ "Historical Cape Girardeau Home to be Featured on Ghost Hunters TV Show" – via kfvs12.com.
  28. ^ Appel, JM. Phoning Home (2014)
  29. ^ Scarsdale (NY) Inquirer, October 11, 2013
  30. ^ "Andrew C. Ivy". Presidents. American Physiological Society. Archived from the original on March 26, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2015. 17th APS President (1939–1941)
  31. ^ James Edmund Scripps, A Genealogical History of the Scripps Family and Its Various Alliances, R.L. Polk Printing Company, 1903
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