Ethotoin
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AHFS/Drugs.com | Consumer Drug Information |
MedlinePlus | a682022 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth (tablets) |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Elimination half-life | 3–9 hours |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.514 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C11H12N2O2 |
Molar mass | 204.229 g·mol−1 |
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Ethotoin (previously marketed as Peganone) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is a hydantoin, similar to phenytoin. It is not available in the United States.
Mechanism of action
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Similar to phenytoin.
Approval history
- 1957 Peganone was granted Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to Abbott Laboratories for treatment of grand mal (tonic clonic) and partial complex (psychomotor) seizures.
- 2003 Peganone was acquired from Abbott Laboratories by Ovation Pharmaceuticals (specialty pharmaceutical company who acquire underpromoted branded pharmaceutical products).
- 2018 It was announced by Recordati Rare Diseases Inc. that due to a combination of low product demand and complex manufacturing difficulties, product manufacturing, distribution and sale was being discontinued.
Indications and usage
Ethotoin is indicated for tonic-clonic and partial complex seizures.
Dosing
Ethotoin is available in 250 mg tablets. It is taken orally in 4 to 6 divided doses per day, preferably after food.
Side effects
Ataxia, visual disturbances, rash and gastrointestinal problems.
Chemistry
Ethotoin, 3-ethyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione, is synthesized by the reaction of benzaldehyde oxynitrile, with urea or ammonium hydrocarbonate, which forms an intermediate urea derivative which on acidic conditions cyclizes to 5-phenylhydantoin. Alkylation of this product using ethyliodide leads to the formation of ethotoin.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ethotoin_synthesis.png/800px-Ethotoin_synthesis.png)
References
- Schwade ED, Richards RK, Everett GM (May 1956). "Peganone, a new antiepileptic drug". Dis Nerv Syst. 17 (5): 155–8. PMID 13317788.
- Shorvon, S.D.; Fish, David R.; Perucca, Emilio; Dodson, W. Edwin, eds. (2004). The Treatment of Epilepsy. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-632-06046-8.
- Drugs.com: Ethotoin
- PEGANONE 250 mg Ethotoin Tablets, USP (PDF)