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1814–15 United States Senate elections

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1814–15 United States Senate elections
← 1812 & 1813 Dates vary by state 1816 & 1817 →
12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
19 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Last election 28 seats 8 seats
Seats before 26 10
Seats won 5 5
Seats after 22 11
Seat change Decrease 3 Increase 1
Seats up 8 4
Results:
     Federalist hold      Federalist gain
     Dem-Republican hold      Legislature Failed To Elect
Majority Party before election


Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority Party


Democratic-Republican

The 1814–15 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1814 and 1815, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

The Democratic-Republican Party lost a seat but still retained their overwhelming Senate majority. Unlike in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with a chance of regaining their long-lost majority had they swept almost all the seats. However, only one seat switched parties. Two seats held by Democratic-Republicans were left unfilled until long after the next Congress began.

Change in composition

Before the elections

Composition after June 1814 special election in New Hampshire.

DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18
Majority → DR19
Md.
Unknown
F9
Mass. (reg)
Ran 		F10
R.I.
Ran 		DR26
Va.
Ran 		DR25
Vt.
Retired 		DR24
Tenn. (reg)
Retired 		DR23
Pa.
Ran 		DR22
Ohio (reg)
Retired 		DR21
N.Y.
Unknown 		DR20
N.J.
Ran
F8
Del.
Ran 		F7
Conn.
Ran 		F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Result of the regular elections

DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18
Majority → DR19
N.J.
Hold
F9
Mass. (reg)
Re-elected 		F10
R.I.
Re-elected 		F11
Vt.
Gain 		V1
Tenn. (reg)
DR Loss 		V2
Md.
DR Loss 		DR23
Va.
Hold 		DR22
Pa. (reg)
Re-elected 		DR21
Ohio (reg)
Hold 		DR20
N.Y.
Hold
F8
Del.
Re-elected 		F7
Conn.
Re-elected 		F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1
Key
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Except when noted, number following candidates is whole number votes.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1814 or before March 4, 1815; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Pennsylvania
(Class 3) 		Michael Leib Democratic-
Republican 		1809 (special)
1808 		Incumbent resigned to become Postmaster of Philadelphia.
New senator elected February 24, 1814.[2]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify.
New Hampshire
(Class 2) 		Nicholas Gilman Democratic-
Republican 		1804
1810 		Incumbent died May 4, 1814.
New senator elected June 24, 1814.
Federalist gain.
Ohio
(Class 1) 		Thomas Worthington Democratic-
Republican 		1803
1807 (Retired)
1810 (special) 		Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Ohio.
New senator elected December 10, 1814 on the fourth ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Kentucky
(Class 2) 		George Walker Democratic-
Republican 		1814 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected December 16, 1814.
Democratic-Republican hold.
North Carolina
(Class 3) 		David Stone Democratic-
Republican 		1800
1807 (Resigned)
1812 		Incumbent resigned December 24, 1814.
New senator elected December 30, 1814 on the eleventh ballot.[6][7]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was never seated due to a failure to qualify.
Virginia
(Class 1) 		Richard Brent Democratic-
Republican 		1809 Incumbent died December 30, 1814, having lost re-election, see below.
New senator elected January 2, 1815, having already won election to the next term.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Kentucky
(Class 3) 		Jesse Bledsoe Democratic-
Republican 		1813 Incumbent resigned.
New senator elected January 3, 1815 on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Races leading to the next Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1815; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Connecticut Samuel Dana Federalist 1810 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1814.
Delaware Outerbridge Horsey Federalist 1810 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 13, 1815.
Maryland Samuel Smith Democratic-
Republican 		1802
1808 		Legislature failed to elect.
A winner would not be elected until 1816.[11]
Democratic-Republican loss. 		[data missing]
Massachusetts Christopher Gore Federalist 1813 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected in 1815.
New Jersey John Lambert Democratic-
Republican 		1808 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected February 1, 1815 on the third ballot.[12]
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York Obadiah German Democratic-
Republican 		1809 [data missing]
New senator elected February 7, 1815.[14][15]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Ohio Joseph Kerr Democratic-
Republican 		1814 (special) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 7, 1815 on the third ballot.[16]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania Jonathan Roberts Democratic-
Republican 		1814 (special) Incumbent re-elected December 10, 1814.[17]
Rhode Island William Hunter Federalist 1811 (special) Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1814.
Tennessee Joseph Anderson Democratic-
Republican 		1797 (special)
1799 (Resigned)
1799 (special)
1803
1809 (Appointed)
1809 (special) 		Incumbent retired.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic-Republican loss.
A new senator would later be elected, see below. 		None.
Vermont Jonathan Robinson Democratic-
Republican 		1807 (special)
1808 		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected October 25, 1814
Federalist gain.
Virginia Richard Brent Democratic-
Republican 		1808 Incumbent lost re-election, and then died after the election.
New senator elected November 14, 1814.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Special elections during the next Congress

In this special election, the winner was elected in 1815 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Tennessee
(Class 1) 		Vacant Legislature had failed to elect, see above.
New senator elected October 10, 1815.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Tennessee
(Class 2) 		Jesse Wharton Democratic-
Republican 		1814 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected October 10, 1815.
Democratic-Republican hold.
North Carolina
(Class 3) 		Francis Locke Jr. Democratic-
Republican 		1800
1812 		Incumbent resigned, having failed to qualify.
New senator elected December 5, 1815 on the fifth ballot.[22][23]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia
(Class 2) 		William B. Giles Democratic-
Republican 		1804 (Appointed)
1804 (special)
1804
1811 		Incumbent resigned March 3, 1815.
New senator elected December 7, 1815.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner subsequently declined to serve.
A new senator was later elected in 1816.
  • ▌Green tickY John Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 125
  • ▌John Mercer (Democratic-Republican) 43

Connecticut

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut

Delaware

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

Kentucky (special)

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

There were two special elections in Kentucky: one in 1814 and the other in 1815.

Maryland

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1814–1815 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Massachusetts (regular)

Massachusetts (special)

New Hampshire (special)

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey

New York

Main article: 1815 United States Senate election in New York
See also: List of United States senators from New York

North Carolina (special)

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

Ohio

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio and 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

Ohio (regular)

Ohio (special)

Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania (special)

Pennsylvania (regular)

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

Tennessee

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee and 1815 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee

Tennessee (regular)

Tennessee (special, class 1)

Tennessee (special, class 2)

Vermont

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont

Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

Virginia (regular)

Virginia (special)

Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - February 24, 1814" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  3. ^ "New Hampshire 1814 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 25, 2018., citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). June 28, 1814. Turner, Lynn Warren. The Ninth State: New Hampshire's Formative Years. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1983. 292.
  4. ^ Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. pp. 98–99 – via Internet Archive.
  5. ^ "Kentucky 1814 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 25, 2018., citing The Western Monitor (Lexington, KY). December 23, 1814. Argus of Western America (Frankfort, KY). December 17, 1814.
  6. ^ a b "North Carolina 1814 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 11". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 26, 2018., citing Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger (Norfolk, VA). January 4, 1815.
  7. ^ "NC US Senate - Special Election". Our Campaigns. January 6, 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Virginia 1814 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 27, 2018., citing Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger (Norfolk, VA). November 19, 1814.
  9. ^ "Kentucky 1815 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 25, 2018., citing The Union (Washington, KY). January 14, 1815. Argus of Western America (Frankfort, KY). January 7, 1815.
  10. ^ "Delaware 1815 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 25, 2018., citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1815. 37.
  11. ^ "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 29, 2004. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
  12. ^ "NJ US Senate". Our Campaigns. April 1, 2007. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
  13. ^ a b c "New Jersey 1815 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 26, 2018., citing New Jersey Privy Council Records, 1814. 306-307.
  14. ^ a b "New York 1815 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 26, 2018., citing Ontario Messenger (Canandaigua, NY). February 21, 1815.
  15. ^ a b "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  16. ^ a b Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 99 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - December 10, 1814" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  18. ^ "Rhode Island 1814 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 27, 2018., citing The Rhode-Island American, and General Advertiser (Providence, RI). November 8, 1814.
  19. ^ "Tuesday, October 25th: Senator". Vermont Watchman. Montpelier, VT. October 27, 1814. p. 3. In addition to winning a majority in the legislature, Tichenor also unanimously received the 12 votes of the Governor and Council.
  20. ^ "Tennessee 1815 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 27, 2018., citing Original Tally Sheet. Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville. Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1815. 112. Journal of the Tennessee State Senate, 1815. 96-97.
  21. ^ "Tennessee 1815 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 27, 2018., citing Original Tally Sheet. Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville. Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1815. 112. Journal of the Tennessee State Senate, 1815. 96-97.
  22. ^ a b "North Carolina 1815 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 5". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 26, 2018., citing The Star (Raleigh, NC). December 8, 1815.
  23. ^ a b "NC US Senate - Special Election". Our Campaigns. January 6, 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
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