Pact of Free Cities
The Pact of Free Cities originated as a cooperation agreement between the mayors of Bratislava, Budapest, Prague, and Warsaw—Matúš Vallo, Gergely Karácsony, Zdeněk Hřib, and Rafał Trzaskowski respectively—signed on 16 December 2019 at Central European University in Budapest.[1] The goals of the signatories include sharing information about best practices in urban development, mitigating the housing crisis, and global warming. Since 2019, the pact has grown to include dozens of cities, mostly in Europe but also including Los Angeles in the United States.
Background
According to Hřib, the initiative was first thought up by Karácsony,[2] who, after winning an election against Fidesz' preferred candidate in October 2019, is facing reduction in local government autonomy.[1][3] The first call to plan the pact was in November 2019.[4] The mayors all control a significant part of their countries' economies: 25, 26, 17, and 27 percent of GDP respectively for Prague, Bratislava, Warsaw, and Budapest.[5] The mayors all come from the same generation; the oldest is Trzaskowski (47) and the youngest Hřib (38). All are from pro-European parties that are in the opposition at the national level.[5][6][3] According to Euractiv.pl, the pact is ideologically inspired by the 2013 book If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities by American sociologist Benjamin Barber.[5]
They published an article on the website of European Council on Foreign Relations to explain their decision, stating that they believe in "an open society based on our cherished common values of freedom, human dignity, democracy, sustainability, equality, the rule of law, social justice, tolerance, and cultural diversity".[7][6] The pact has also been described as "anti-populist"; at the signing ceremony, Hřib said that populism provides "a simple and wrong answer to the problems" facing their cities and countries.[8] Karácsony contrasted what he called the grassroots democracy practiced by cities with the populist approach: "The national populists advocate centralisation, and treat voters as ‘subjects’."[9] Although the cities are the capitals of the four Visegrád Group countries, the initiative does not mention the Visegrád Group. Hřib stated that the alliance is a "pro-European, positive alliance, which is also open to other cities".[9]
The venue, Central European University, was described as symbolic, given the Viktor Orbán government's attacks on the university which forced it to move most of its educational programs to Vienna.[10][1]
Aims
The goals of the signatories include sharing information about best practices in urban development, housing crisis, and global warming.[1][2][11] They also are lobbying for European Union policies that are tailored for cities[12] and for the ability to access European funding directly, rather than through national governments which have been accused of politicizing the disbursal of funds.[9][1] Karácsony sees such direct access as a good alternative to blanket defunding of EU countries under rule of law conditionality.[9]
In 2020, the mayors criticized the Polish government for its stance on climate change (it was the only EU country not to agree to become carbon-neutral by 2050). Trzaskowski wanted to be able to access European Green Deal funds in order to implement environmentally friendly policies in Warsaw.[13] In August 2020, the mayors declared support for the 2020 Belarusian protests, stating "The future of Belarus should be in the hands of Belarusians, and not of Europe's last dictator, Alexander Lukashenko and his aides".[14][15] In 2021, Hřib stated that the pact sent "a clear message that there are strong actors in Visegrad who are committed to liberal and progressive values of the EU".[16]
Reception
The pact is opposed by Visegrád national governments.[9] However, transparency advocates,[17] the mayor of Berlin, Michael Müller,[18] and the European Green Party declared their support.[19]
Members
As of June 2023, the alliance has 35 member cities.[20]
Founding cities
Bratislava, Slovakia
Budapest, Hungary
Prague, Czechia
Warsaw, Poland
Joined in 2021[21]
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Athens, Greece[22]
Barcelona, Spain
Florence, Italy
Frankfurt, Germany
Gdańsk, Poland
Ljubljana, Slovenia
London, United Kingdom
Los Angeles, United States
Mannheim, Germany
Neu-Ulm, Germany
Paris, France
Podgorica, Montenegro
Rijeka, Croatia
Stuttgart, Germany
Taipei, Taiwan
Taoyuan, Taiwan
Tirana, Albania
Ulm, Germany
Vienna, Austria
Zagreb, Croatia[a]
Joined in 2022[24]
Berlin, Germany
Brussels, Belgium
Hamburg, Germany
Kyiv, Ukraine
Milan, Italy[25]
Riga, Latvia
Rome, Italy[25]
Vilnius, Lithuania
Joined in 2023[26]
Notes
- ^ In 2021, Tomislav Tomašević, the mayor of Zagreb, Croatia, was invited to join.[23]
References
- ^ a b c d e Walker, Shaun (16 December 2019). "Islands in the illiberal storm: central European cities vow to stand together". the Guardian. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Společné hodnoty i tlak na unii. Hřib podepsal smlouvu s dalšími hlavními městy visegrádské čtyřky". iROZHLAS (in Czech). Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Central European mayors sign 'pact of free cities'". France 24. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ Szymanski, Wojciech (11 November 2019). "Ein Pakt der Hauptstädte: das "kleine Visegrad"". Deutsche Welle (in German). Retrieved 31 October 2020.
- ^ a b c Gadzała, Łukasz (13 February 2020). "Prezydenci wyszehradzkich stolic chcą bezpośrednich funduszy europejskich dla miast". www.euractiv.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ a b Wójcik, Anna (17 December 2019). "Pakt Wolnych Miast. Prezydenci Budapesztu, Bratysławy, Pragi i Warszawy razem przeciw populistom". oko.press. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ Gergely Karácsony; Matúš Vallo; Rafał Trzaskowski; Zdeněk Hřib (16 December 2019). "How grassroots democracy can cure the ills of central Europe". ECFR. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Eastern European mayors forge anti-populism pact | DW | 16.12.2019". DW.COM. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Democracy Digest: V4 Mayors Unite Against Populism". Balkan Insight. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ "Central European capitals sign "Pact of Free Cities" against populism". Kafkadesk. 17 December 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ "Oto Zdeněk Hřib, burmistrz-Pirat, który postawił się Rosji, Chinom i… własnemu rządowi". KrytykaPolityczna.pl (in Polish). 3 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ DIMITROVA, ASENIYA. "Mayors of Bratislava, Budapest, Prague and Warsaw sign Free Cities Pact". www.themayor.eu. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ "Pakt Wolnych Miast pisze do Brukseli. "Rząd Polski postanowił się postawić poza marginesem"". TVN24 Biznes (in Polish). Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ "'Free Cities' pact stands behind Belarusians - Warsaw mayor". www.thefirstnews.com. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ "Trzaskowski podpisał się pod oświadczeniem ws. Białorusi". www.rp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ Plevák, Ondřej (2021-05-28). "Prague mayor: There are 'strong' progressive forces in Visegrad". www.euractiv.com. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ "Central Europe mayors pitch for EU cash to fight populism". POLITICO. 11 February 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ "Müller begrüßt den heute geschlossenen "Pakt der freien Städte" der Visegrád-Hauptstädte". saarnews (in German). Retrieved 31 October 2020.
- ^ "European Greens support Visegrad's Mayors 'Pact of Free Cities' to fight populism". European Greens. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ "Vitalij Kličko (51) v Praze: Primátor rozstříleného Kyjeva jedná o obnově měst po ruské invazi" [Vitali Klitschko (51) in Prague: Mayor of shelled Kyiv discusses urban reconstruction after Russian invasion]. Blesk (in Czech). 26 September 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ Hudec, Michal (17 September 2021). "The island in illiberal storm' is getting bigger". Euractiv. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
- ^ "Klitschko: Kyiv joins Free Cities Pact". Interfax-Ukraine. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ MLADEN PLEŠE (25 Aug 2021). "Tomašević dobio prvi važan poziv iz inozemstva; ide na sastanak Pakta slobodnih gradova". Telegram.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 1 September 2021.
- ^ "Pakt slobodných miest prijal šesť nových členov" [The Pact of Free Cities accepts six new members]. Denník N (in Slovak). 26 September 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022 – via TASR.
- ^ a b "Ukraine: Rome to stage another candlelight march for peace". Wanted in Rome. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
- ^ "München tritt dem Pakt der Freien Städte bei". München.de. 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.