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List of American railroad accidents

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This is a list of the most serious U.S. rail-related accidents (excluding intentional acts such as the 1939 City of San Francisco derailment).

19th century

1830s

  • 1833 Hightstown rail accident, Hightstown, New Jersey; 2 killed plus 15 injured. Earliest recorded train accident involving the death of passengers.[1][2]
  • 1837 Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad collision, Suffolk, Virginia; 3 killed plus dozens injured. Later in the year, a second accident resulted in ten injuries, with two of them ultimately dying.[3]

1850s

  • 1853 Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago Train Wreck, Grand Crossing (now Chicago), Illinois; 18 killed plus 40 injured. Eventually led to massive triple level grade separation project on Chicago's South Side[4]
  • 1853 Norwalk rail accident, Norwalk, Connecticut; 48 killed plus 30 injured. First movable bridge disaster in U.S. history and Connecticut's deadliest rail disaster to date[5]
  • 1853 Providence and Worcester head-on collision, Valley Falls, Rhode Island; 14 killed plus 17 injured. Rhode Island's deadliest rail disaster is also the first known to be photographed[6]
  • 1855 Gasconade Bridge train disaster, Gasconade, Missouri; 35+ killed plus hundreds injured. First deadly rail bridge collapse in U.S. history[7][8]
  • 1856 Great Train Wreck of 1856, Whitemarsh Township, Pennsylvania; 60+ killed plus 100+ injured. Encouraged busier railroads in the Eastern U.S. to double track lines; also led to mandatory use of telegraph in cases of delays[9]
  • 1859 South Bend train wreck, Mishawaka/South Bend, Indiana; 42 killed plus 50 injured[10][11]

1860s

  • 1863 Chunky Creek Train Wreck, Hickory, Mississippi; ~75 killed plus ~25 injured. All but one of the dead were Confederate reinforcements headed for Vicksburg, with the disaster--Mississippi's deadliest rail disaster to date--further hindering the city's defenses against Union forces[12]
  • 1864 Shohola train wreck, Shohola Township, Pennsylvania; ~65 killed plus many more injured. One of the trains was carrying Confederate POWs and Union guards, and citizens of Shohola and nearby Barryville, New York, treated the wounded 'without regard to the colour of their uniforms'[13]
  • 1867 Angola Horror, Angola, New York; 49 killed. Led to the standardization of track gauges in the U.S., as well as advancements in coach brake and heating systems[14]

1870s

  • 1871 Wappinger Creek trestle disaster, New Hamburg, New York; 22 confirmed killed plus scores unaccounted for. May have a higher number of missing victims than any other U.S. rail disaster to date[15][16][17]
  • 1871 Great Revere train wreck, Revere, Massachusetts; ~30 killed. Victims' and families' crippling lawsuits against the company at fault—the Eastern Railroad—led to its forced merger with arch rival, the Boston & Maine[18]
  • 1876 Ashtabula River Railroad Disaster, Ashtabula/Edgewood, Ohio; 92 killed plus 64 injured. The deadliest U.S. rail disaster of the 19th century--also Ohio's deadliest to date--led to changes in bridge construction code, the replacement of coal and wood stoves with steam heat in coaches, and mandatory federal investigation of all U.S. rail disasters[19]
  • 1877 Pickering Valley wreck, Kimberton, Pennsylvania; 7 killed plus dozens injured. Led Pennsylvania's Supreme Court to formulate a rule that when a railroad accepts money from passengers, an implied contract of care upon the part of the company arises; thus negligence is presumed on the part of the railroad if a passenger is injured[20]
  • 1878 Tariffville train crash, Tariffville, Connecticut; 13 killed plus 70+ injured. Death toll might have been worse if not for what was possibly the first emergency phone call in history[21]
  • 1878 Wollaston disaster, Quincy, Massachusetts; 19 killed and 170 injured[22]

1880s

1890s

20th century

1900s

  • 1900 Casey Jones's final run, Vaughan, Mississippi; 1 killed (Jones); everyone else escaped with varying degrees of injury. Inspired several different ballads about the incident[41][42]
  • 1900 Camp Creek train wreck, McDonough, Georgia; 39 killed. Bodies of many dead were brought to McDonough Town Square for identification; local folklore claims this has resulted in it being haunted ever since[43]
  • 1900 Tacoma Streetcar Disaster, Tacoma, Washington; 43 killed plus 65 injured[44]
  • 1901 Buffalo Bill Show train wreck, Lexington, North Carolina; no human deaths but well over 100 show animals killed. This likely led to the demise of "Buffalo Bill" Cody's Wild West Show Tours.[45]
  • 1902 Park Avenue Tunnel (railroad) collision, New York City; 15 killed plus 30+ injured. Led to the construction of the current Grand Central Terminal and electrification of all rail lines in New York City[46][47][48]
  • 1902 Mountain Lake (New York) railroad wreck, Gloversville, New York; 14 killed. The little electric railroad known for its scenic tourism never recovered and was eventually removed altogether[49][50]
  • 1903 Esmond Train Wreck, Esmond, Arizona; 14 killed. Remains Arizona's deadliest rail disaster to date[51]
  • 1903 Wreck of the Old 97, Danville, Virginia; 11 killed. What is possibly Virgina's deadliest rail disaster to date inspired the famous ballad of the same name sung by many famous musicians[52][53]
  • 1903 Purdue Wreck, Indianapolis, Indiana; 17 killed. Devastated Purdue University's Football team for the year, who are honored before every game to this day.[54][55]
  • 1903 Connellsville train wreck, Connellsville, Pennsylvania; 64 killed plus 68 injured[56]
  • 1904 Jackson rail disaster, Jackson, Utah; 30+ killed. Most of town was leveled altogether[57]
  • 1904 Eden train wreck, Pueblo, Colorado; 88 confirmed killed plus scores missing. Colorado's deadliest rail disaster to date[58][59]
  • 1904 New Market train wreck, New Market, Tennessee; 60+ killed plus 100+ injured[60][61]
  • 1905 Ninth Avenue derailment, New York City; 13 killed plus 48 injured. Deadliest accident on New York's elevated railways[62]
  • 1905 Baker Bridge train wreck, Lincoln, Massachusetts; 17 killed plus 33 injured. Led RR commission to encourage railroads and street railways where trains or cars followed each other in quick succession to implement a signalling block system[63]
  • 1906 Cimarron River bridge disaster, Dover, Oklahoma; 4 confirmed fatalities plus scores unaccounted for[64]
  • 1906 Atlantic City train wreck, Atlantic City, New Jersey; 53 killed. Resulted in what is likely the first known press release by a private entity[65]
  • 1906 Woodville Train Wreck, Porter County, Indiana; at least 48 confirmed killed plus many missing and at least 81 confirmed injured[66]
  • 1906 Washington, D.C., train wreck; 53 killed plus 70 injured. Led to a complete U.S. ban on wooden coach construction; the accident is notoriously described in Frank Kuntz's book Undergraduate Days 1904-1908[67]
  • 1907 Southern Pacific Sunset Express derailment, Colton, California; 24 killed[68]
  • 1907 Pere Marquette Railway wreck, Salem, Michigan; 31 killed plus 101 injured. Remains the state of Michigan's deadliest rail disaster to date[69]
  • 1907 Boston & Maine collision, Canaan, New Hampshire; 25 killed plus 25 injured. New Hampshire's deadliest rail disaster to date[70]
  • 1908 Metz Fire and derailment, Metz Township, Michigan; 26 killed[71][72]
  • 1909 The Chicago Lake Shore and South Bend Railway wreck, Porter County, Indiana; 12-14 killed plus ~40 injured[73]

1910s

  • 1910 FW&WV (Indiana Railroad) collision, Kingsland, Indiana; 35-40 killed. Worst interurban Trolley disaster in U.S history[74][75]
  • 1910 Wellington avalanche, Wellington, Washington; 96 killed. The worst avalanche in U.S. history destroyed two trains and a rail depot[76][77]
  • 1910 Green Mountain train wreck, Green Mountain, Iowa; 52 killed plus scores injured. Remains the state of Iowa's deadliest rail disaster to date[78][79]
  • 1911 Indianola train wreck, McCook, Nebraska; 18 killed plus 32 injured. Nebraska's deadliest rail disaster to date[80][81]
  • 1911 Federal Express (train) wreck, Bridgeport, Connecticut; 14 killed. Train was transporting the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team[82][83]
  • 1912 Corning train wreck, Corning (Gibson), New York; 39 killed plus 88 injured. Strongly encouraged use of automatic block signaling and led to mandatory use of steel coaches for high speed passenger rail service[84]
  • 1912 Ligonier Valley Railroad Wilpen disaster, Wilpen Fairgrounds, Pennsylvania; 26 killed plus 29 injured[85][86]
  • 1913 Bar Harbor Express-White Mountain Express collision, New Haven, Connecticut; 21 killed[87]
  • 1914 Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad/Kansas City Southern Railway collision, Tipton Ford, Missouri; 43 killed plus 38 injured. Possibly Missouri's deadliest rail disaster to date[88][89]
  • 1916 Summer Street Bridge disaster, Boston, Massachusetts; 46 killed. Deadliest disaster in Boston's history up to that point and still remains the city's deadliest transport-oriented disaster.
  • 1917 Frisco collision, Kellyville, Oklahoma; 23 killed along with many cattle plus 80 injured. Remains the state of Oklahoma's deadliest rail disaster to date[90]
  • 1917 Shepherdsville train wreck, Shepherdsville, Kentucky; ~50 killed. Remains the state of Kentucky's deadliest rail disaster to date[91][92]
  • 1918 Hammond Circus Train Wreck, Gary/Hammond, Indiana; 86 killed plus 127 injured. Remains Indiana's deadliest rail disaster to date[93]
  • 1918 Great train wreck of 1918, Nashville, Tennessee; 101 killed plus 171 injured. Officially the deadliest U.S. rail disaster to date[94][95]
  • 1918 Malbone Street Wreck, New York City; 95-100 killed plus 100+ injured. Remains the deadliest rail disaster in the History of New York state and the New York City Subway[96][97]
  • 1919 New York Central collision, Byron, New York; 22 killed[98][99]
  • 1919 Onawa train wreck, Onawa, Maine; 23 killed plus 50 injured. Maine's deadliest rail disaster to date[100]

1920s

1930s

  • 1938 Custer Creek train wreck, Saugus, Montana; 47 killed plus 75 injured. Remains the state of Montana's deadliest rail disaster to date[117][118]
  • 1938 South Jordan bus-train crash, South Jordan, Utah; 24 killed plus 15 injured. Led to state and eventually federal law requiring the practice of school buses stopping to look and listen for trains at grade crossings[119]

1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

21st century

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also

References

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  2. ^ Shaw (1978), pp. 16–18.
  3. ^ Whittle, C. (2000) [1838]. Prince, Richard E. (ed.). Seaboard Air Line Railway: Steam Boats, Locomotives, and History. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p. 7. ISBN 9780253336958.
  4. ^ "Greater Grand Crossing". www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org.
  5. ^ Rhodes, James F. (2009). History of the United States: From the Compromise of 1850 to the Mckinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896. Vol. II. New York: Cosimo Classics. p. 482. ISBN 9781605207469.
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