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NGC 4393

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NGC 4393
SDSS image of NGC 4393.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices
Right ascension12h 25m 51.2s[1]
Declination27° 33′ 42″[1]
Redshift0.002505[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity751 km/s[1]
Distance46 Mly (14.2 Mpc)[1]
Group or clusterComa I (NGC 4274 subgroup)
Apparent magnitude (V)12.7[1]
Characteristics
TypeSABd[1]
Size~38,700 ly (11.86 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)3.2 x 3.0[1]
Other designations
UGC 07521, PGC 040600, MCG +05-29-083[1]

NGC 4393 is a spiral galaxy about 46 million light-years away[2] in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 11, 1785.[3] It is a member of the NGC 4274 Group,[4][5] which is part of the Coma I Group[6] or Cloud.[7]

Physical characteristics

NGC 4393 is a flocculent spiral galaxy,[8][9] with chaotic, fragmented and unsymmetric arms.[9] IC 3329, an HII region in NGC 4393,[10] was discovered by astronomer Max Wolf on March 23, 1903. It was described as "very faint, small, irregular figure, attached to (NGC) 4393".[11]

NGC 4393 hosts a pseudo-bulge,[12] a type of galactic bulge which is more similar to a spiral galaxy in that it has one or more characteristics of disk galaxies. These include having flatter shapes than those of classical bulges, large ratios of ordered motions of stars rather than random motions of stars, small velocity dispersions of stars with respect to the Faber-Jackson correlation between velocity dispersion and bulge luminosity, a spiral structure or nuclear bar in the bulge part of the light profile, nearly exponential brightness profiles, and starbursts.[13]

Nuclear Star Cluster

The central region of NGC 4393 is host to a nuclear star cluster[14] with a mass of 0.4048 ± 0.0819 × 106 M☉,[15] and a diameter of ~16 ly (4.8 pc).[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4393. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
  2. ^ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  3. ^ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4350 - 4399". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  4. ^ Kourkchi, Ehsan; Tully, R. Brent (2017-06-27). "Galaxy Groups Within 3500 km s −1". The Astrophysical Journal. 843 (1): 16. arXiv:1705.08068. Bibcode:2017ApJ...843...16K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa76db. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 119407480.
  5. ^ "The Extragalactic Distance Database (EDD)". edd.ifa.hawaii.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  6. ^ "Nearby Groups of Galaxies". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  7. ^ Gregory, Stephen A.; Thompson, Laird A. (1977-04-01). "The Coma i Galaxy Cloud". The Astrophysical Journal. 213: 345–350. Bibcode:1977ApJ...213..345G. doi:10.1086/155160. ISSN 0004-637X.
  8. ^ Elmegreen, D. M.; Elmegreen, B. G. (1982-12-01). "Flocculent and grand design spiral structure in field, binary and group galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 201 (4): 1021–1034. doi:10.1093/mnras/201.4.1021. ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ^ a b Elmegreen, Debra Meloy; Elmegreen, Bruce G. (March 1987). "Arm classifications for spiral galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 314: 3. Bibcode:1987ApJ...314....3E. doi:10.1086/165034. ISSN 0004-637X.
  10. ^ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  11. ^ "Index Catalog Objects: IC 3300 - 3349". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  12. ^ Vaghmare, Kaustubh; Barway, Sudhanshu; Mathur, Smita; Kembhavi, Ajit K. (2015-06-11). "Spiral galaxies as progenitors of pseudo-bulge hosting S0s". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 450 (1): 873–882. arXiv:1503.07635. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv668. ISSN 0035-8711.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. ^ Kormendy, John; Kennicutt, Robert C. (2004-09-22). "Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 42 (1): 603–683. arXiv:astro-ph/0407343. Bibcode:2004ARA&A..42..603K. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134024. ISSN 0066-4146. S2CID 515479.
  14. ^ Georgiev, Iskren Y.; Böker, Torsten (2014-07-11). "Nuclear star clusters in 228 spiral galaxies in the HST/WFPC2 archive: catalogue and comparison to other stellar systems". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 441 (4): 3570–3590. arXiv:1404.5956. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu797. ISSN 1365-2966.
  15. ^ Leigh, Nathan W. C.; Georgiev, Iskren Y.; Böker, Torsten; Knigge, Christian; den Brok, Mark (2015-07-21). "Nuclear star cluster formation in energy-space". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 451 (1): 859–869. arXiv:1505.01158. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1012. ISSN 1365-2966.
  16. ^ Georgiev, Iskren Y.; Böker, Torsten; Leigh, Nathan; Lützgendorf, Nora; Neumayer, Nadine (2016-04-01). "Masses and scaling relations for nuclear star clusters, and their co-existence with central black holes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 457 (2): 2122–2138. arXiv:1601.02613. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw093. ISSN 0035-8711.
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