Ulmus 'Plantyn'
| Ulmus 'Plantyn' | |
|---|---|
.JPG) 'Plantyn', Amsterdam. | |
| Genus | Ulmus |
| Hybrid parentage | ('Exoniensis' × U. wallichiana) × (U. minor '1' × U. minor '28') |
| Cultivar | 'Plantyn' |
| Origin | Wageningen, The Netherlands |
Ulmus 'Plantyn' (Anglicized form of 'Plantijn') was one of three Dutch hybrid elms released by the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning, Wageningen, in 1973. Derived from a crossing of the Dutch hybrids '202' (U. 'Exoniensis' × U. wallichiana)[1] and '302' (U. minor '1' × U. minor '28'), it was to prove of great significance in later developments.[2][3] A selfed seedling was to become the first Dutch clone to prove effectively immune to disease, released in 1989 as 'Columella'. 'Plantyn' was also destined to be the female parent of Lutèce released in 2002.[4] In Italy, 'Plantyn' was used again as female parent in hybridizations with the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), to create three new cultivars better adapted to the Mediterranean climate (see Hybrid cultivars).
Description
'Plantyn' is a fast-growing tree, with upright branching forming a broad crown where grown in isolation. The dark-green leaves are < 10 cm long by 7 cm broad, on < 10 mm petioles.
Pests and diseases
'Plantyn' is no more resistant to Dutch elm disease than its Dutch contemporaries 'Dodoens' and 'Lobel' according to one source, rating 4 out of 5.[5] However, research published in France by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) indicated that 'Plantyn' possesses a greater degree of disease resistance than the other two cultivars, although neither had actually been tested by the organization. Nevertheless, INRA still classified 'Plantyn' as only 'moderately resistant'.[6]
Cultivation
Largely superseded by the later generation of cultivars highly resistant to Dutch elm disease, sales in the Netherlands declined from over 7,000 in 1979 to zero in 2004.[7] Like its Dutch contemporaries, 'Plantyn' has proven very tolerant of sea winds.[8]
'Plantyn' was not commercially released in the US, but was evaluated at the Iowa State University (acc. no. Q 28835) [9] however it is no longer listed (2013) in the NPGS inventory. 'Plantyn' was also included in trials [1] in Canberra, Australia, started in 1988, although it is reputed not to have thrived in that environment.
Notable trees
In the UK, the TROBI [2] Champion is at West Park, Wolverhampton, measuring 20.5 m tall by 75 cm d.b.h. in 2017. Another grows in Kensington Gardens, London, which was 16 m high, 45 cm d.b.h. in 2001.[10]
Hybrid cultivars
- 'Arno', 'Columella', 'Nanguen' = LUTÈCE, 'Plinio', 'San Zanobi', 'Wanoux' = VADA
- Unreleased cultivars raised by IPP, Florence: 'FL 568' (U. pumila × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 620' & 'FL 624' ((U. pumila × U. minor) × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 688' (('Plantyn' × U. minor) × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 580' (Heybroek's '948')
Etymology
The tree is named for the French printer and humanist Christoffel Plantijn (France: Christophe Plantin).
Synonymy
'Plantijn' (original Dutch form of the name).
The tag on the specimen at Kew Gardens reads 'Plantion'.
Accessions
- Europe
- Arboretum de La Petite Loiterie [3], Monthodon, France. No details available
- Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.[11]
- Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 1089.
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Acc. no. 1980–731
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, UK. Acc. no. 1982.4057
- Westonbirt Arboretum [4], Gloucestershire, UK. Acc. no. 1980/157.
- Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection. Planted 3 Kastanjelaan and 1 Tjalk in Loosdrecht 2014; 10 trees planted 2018 ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg, Loosdrecht.
References
- ^ 'Clone 202' herbarium specimen, Baarn, 1962 bioportal.naturalis.nl
- ^ Heybroek, H. M. (1976). Nederlands Bosbouw Tijdschrift 48: 117–23, 1976.
- ^ Heybroek, Hans M. (1983). Burdekin, D.A. (ed.). "Resistant elms for Europe" (PDF). Forestry Commission Bulletin (Research on Dutch elm disease in Europe) (60). London: HMSO: 108–113.
- ^ Heybroek, H.M. (1993). "The Dutch Elm Breeding Program". In Sticklen, Mariam B.; Sherald, James L. (eds.). Dutch Elm Disease Research. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag. pp. 16–25. ISBN 978-1-4615-6874-2. Retrieved 26 October 2017..
- ^ Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. ISBN 9789050112819
- ^ Pinon, J. (July 2007). "Les ormes résistants à la graphiose" [Elms resistant to Dutch Elm Disease] (PDF). Forêt-entreprise (175). Paris, France: IDF: 37–41. ISSN 0752-5974. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ Hiemstra, J.A.; et al. (2007). Belang en toekomst van de iep in Nederland [Importance and future of the elm in the Netherlands]. Wageningen, Netherlands: Praktijkonderzoek Plant & Omgeving B.V. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ Burdekin, D.A.; Rushforth, K.D. (November 1996). "Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease" (PDF). Arboriculture Research Note. 2/96. Revised by J.F. Webber. Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham: Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service: 1–9. ISSN 1362-5128. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ Gibbs, J. N., Brasier, C. M., McNabb Jnr., H.S., and Heybroek, H. M. (1975). Further studies on the pathenogenicity in Ceratocystis ulmi. Europ. Journ. Forest. Path. 5 (3): 161–174.
- ^ Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, ISBN 978-1-873580-61-5.
- ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.