Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables
Signed | 14 March 1884[1] |
---|---|
Location | Paris, France[1] |
Effective | 1 May 1888[1] |
Condition | Exchange of ratifications |
Signatories | 27 |
Parties | 36 (as of 2013)[2] |
Ratifiers | 47 |
Depositary | Government of the French Republic[3] |
The Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables is a multilateral treaty that was signed in 1884 in order to protect submarine communications cables that had begun to be laid in the 19th century.
Content
The convention made it a punishable offence to damage submarine communications cables. In addition, all ships were to be regulated to staying a distance of 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) away from cable laying ships when in operation. Any ship that accidentally hooked a cable and sacrificed its fishing nets to avoid breaking it would be compensated for the lost equipment.[3]
State parties
The convention has been signed, ratified, and acceded to by the following parties. A number of dependent territories ratified the convention or had the convention extended to them. Initial signatory parties are listed in bold.
For states that were not original signatories, the date they accepted the convention is indicated.
State | Signature | Ratification | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Algeria | – | 1976 | |
Argentina | 1884 | 1885 | |
Australia | – | 1901 | Upon federation, Australia accepted the ratifications of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia to be applicable to the Commonwealth of Australia. |
Austria-Hungary | 1884 | 1885 | Austria and Hungary both submitted separate notifications of succession. |
Austria | – | 1921 | Notification of succession of ratification by Austria-Hungary. |
Belgium | 1884 | 1885 | |
Brazil | 1884 | 1885 | |
Canada | – | 1888 | Extension by the United Kingdom to cover Canada. |
Cape Colony | – | 1888 | This ratification no longer has any force for any state; South Africa has not declared its succession to the ratification. |
Colombia | 1884 | – | |
Costa Rica | 1884 | 1885 | |
Czechoslovakia | – | 1925 | This ratification no longer has any force for any state; neither the Czech Republic nor Slovakia have declared their succession to the ratification. |
Free City of Danzig | – | 1926 | This ratification no longer has any force for any state. |
Denmark | 1884 | 1885 | |
Dominican Republic | 1884 | 1885 | |
El Salvador | 1884 | 1885 | |
Fiji | – | 1971 | |
France | 1884 | 1885 | |
Germany | 1884 | 1885 | |
Greece | 1884 | 1888 | |
Guatemala | 1884 | 1885 | |
Hungary | – | 1922 | Notification of succession of the ratification by Austria-Hungary. |
Iran (Persia) | 1884 | – | |
Italy | 1884 | 1885 | |
Japan | – | 1884 | |
Luxembourg | 1884 | 1885 | |
Malta | – | 1968 | |
Natal | – | 1888 | This ratification no longer has any force for any state; South Africa has not declared its succession to the ratification. |
Netherlands | 1884 | 1885 | Also applied to the colonies of the Dutch East Indies, Territory of Curaçao and Suriname (1892). Presently still applies to the territories making up the Territory of Curaçao: Aruba (1986), Curaçao (2010), Sint Maarten (2010), Caribbean Netherlands (2010) |
Newfoundland | – | 1888 | Extension by the United Kingdom to cover Newfoundland; this ratification is now subsumed within Canada's. |
New South Wales | – | 1888 | This ratification is now subsumed within the convention's application to Australia. |
New Zealand | – | 1888 | Extension by the United Kingdom to cover New Zealand. |
Norway | – | 1905 | Convention previously applied to Norway via the ratification of Sweden-Norway. |
Ottoman Empire | 1884 | 1885 | This ratification now applied to Turkey. |
Poland | – | 1934 | |
Portugal | 1884 | 1885 | |
Queensland | – | 1886 | This ratification is now subsumed within the convention's application to Australia. |
Romania | 1884 | 1886 | |
Russia | 1884 | 1885 | |
Serbia | 1884 | 1885 | This ratification was previously accepted as applicable to it by Yugoslavia and by Serbia and Montenegro. |
South Australia | – | 1885 | This ratification is now subsumed within the convention's application to Australia. |
Spain | 1884 | 1885 | |
Sweden-Norway | 1884 | 1885 | This ratification now applies to Sweden. |
Tasmania | – | 1888 | This ratification is now subsumed within the convention's application to Australia. |
Tunisia | – | 1889 | |
United Kingdom | 1884 | 1885 | |
United States | 1884 | 1885 | |
Uruguay | 1884 | 1885 | |
Victoria | – | 1885 | This ratification is now subsumed within the convention's application to Australia. |
Western Australia | – | 1888 | This ratification is now subsumed within the Convention's application to Australia. |
Notes
- ^ a b c "International Convention on the Protection of Submarine Cables, with additional Article". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
- ^ Submarine Cables
- ^ a b "Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables (Paris, 14 March 1884)" (PDF). Commonwealth of Australia. 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
- Telecommunications treaties
- Law of the sea treaties
- Telegraphy
- Treaties entered into force in 1888
- Treaties concluded in 1884
- Submarine communications cables
- Treaties of Algeria
- Treaties of Argentina
- Treaties of Austria-Hungary
- Treaties of the First Austrian Republic
- Treaties of Belgium
- Treaties of the Empire of Brazil
- Treaties extended to Canada
- Treaties of the Cape Colony
- Treaties of Costa Rica
- Treaties of Czechoslovakia
- Treaties of the Free City of Danzig
- Treaties of Denmark
- Treaties of the Dominican Republic
- Treaties of El Salvador
- Treaties of Fiji
- Treaties of the French Third Republic
- Treaties of the German Empire
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
- Treaties of Guatemala
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
- Treaties of the Empire of Japan
- Treaties of Luxembourg
- Treaties of Malta
- Treaties of the Colony of Natal
- Treaties of the Netherlands
- Treaties extended to the Dominion of Newfoundland
- Treaties of the Colony of New South Wales
- Treaties of the Colony of New Zealand
- Treaties of Norway
- Treaties of the Ottoman Empire
- Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Portugal
- Treaties of the Colony of Queensland
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
- Treaties of the Russian Empire
- Treaties of the Kingdom of Serbia
- Treaties of the Colony of South Australia
- Treaties of Spain under the Restoration
- Treaties of the Colony of Tasmania
- Treaties of Tunisia
- Treaties of the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
- Treaties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922)
- Treaties of the United States
- Treaties of Uruguay
- Treaties of the Colony of Victoria
- Treaties of the Colony of Western Australia
- 1884 in France
- Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies
- Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
- Treaties extended to Greenland