List of Russian steam locomotive classes
Appearance
This List of Russian steam locomotive classes includes those built both before and during the Soviet era. They are to the gauge of 5 ft (1,524 mm) unless otherwise stated. Some locomotives originally used in Poland during the period of the Russian Empire were built to 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge and later converted to 5 ft gauge. Class letters are shown in Cyrillic characters, followed by romanized characters in the next column. For more information, see Romanization of Russian. The main source for this list is Fleming and Price.[1]
Locomotive built before 1925
Class (Cyrillic) |
Class (Romanized) |
Type | Manufacturer | Quantity | Years built |
Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | Cherepanov locomotive. | Yefim Alekseyevich and Miron Yefimovich Cherepanov | 1833–1834 | The first Russian-built steam locomotive. Track gauge was 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm).[2] | ![]() | ||
Д | D | B1 1B 2′B |
1856–1906 | Class for various four-coupled locomotives | ![]() | ||
Т | T | C 1′C |
1857-1915 | Class for various six-coupled locomotives | ![]() | ||
Ъ | " | B2′ 1′B1′ 1′C1′ 2′C 2′C1′ 1′D1′ |
1864–1914 | Class for various passenger tank locomotives | |||
Ф | F | C′C′ n4t | Avonside, Sharp, Stewart and Company, Yorkshire Engine Company, Kolomna | 45 | 1872–1883 | Fairlie locomotives | ![]() |
Ч | Ch | D | Mal'cev, Kolomna, Briansk, Nevsky, Putilov, Kharkiv, Henschel & Sohn | 1878–1911 | Class for various eight-coupled locomotives | ![]() | |
О | O | D n2v, some also h2 |
Kolomna, Brjansk, Wotkinsk, Newski, Putilow, Sigl, StEG, Henschel, BMAG, Luhansk, Krasnoje Sormowo, Kharkiv | 9129 | 1890–1928 | osnownoi tip (basic type); Variants with different valve gear and wheel diameters |
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П | P | 2′B n4v | SACM, Belfort, South Eastern Railways' Odessa Works, Putilow, Kolomna | 169 | 1891–1905 | Four-cylinder tandem compound | ![]() |
Н | N | 1′C n2v, some also h2, n2, and h2v |
Alexandrow, Kolomna, Union, Brjansk, Luhansk, Krasnoje Sormowo, Newski, Putilow, Wotkinsk, Kharkiv | 1082 | 1892–1914 | [3] Variants with different valve gear and wheel diameters | ![]() |
А | A | 2′C n2v | Kolomna, Hannover, Henschel, Krasnoje Sormowo, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Brjansk | 533 | 1892–1907 | Variants with different valve gear | ![]() |
ЕФ | YeF | 1′E n4v | Baldwin | 2 | 1895 | Four-cylinder Vauclain compound | ![]() |
Х | Kh | 1′D n4v | Baldwin | 235 | 1895–1900 | Four-cylinder Vauclain compound | ![]() |
В | V | 2′C n4v | Baldwin | 88 | 1895–1899 | Four-cylinder Vauclain compound | ![]() |
Я | Ya | 1′C n2 | Newski, Putilow | 150 | 1896–1903 | ![]() | |
Ц | Ts | 1′D n2v | Henschel, Hanomag, Brjansk, Fives-Lille, Société Franco-Belge, SACM-Mühlhausen, Kharkiv | 214 | 1896–1904 | ![]() | |
Ж | Zh | 2′C n2v | Henschel, Kolomna, Newski, Kharkiv | 210 | 1896–1909 | ![]() | |
Р | R | 1′D n4v | Brjansk, Putilow, SACM-Mühlhausen, Krasnoje Sormowo, Kolomna | 477 | 1899–1911 | Four-cylinder tandem compound | ![]() |
Ѳ | Fita | C′C n4v h4v | Brjansk, Putilow, Kolomna | 463 | 1899–1924 | Mallet locomotives | ![]() |
Г | G | 2′C n2 | Brjansk, Kharkiv | 124 | 1901–1903 | ![]() | |
Ш | Sh | 1′D n2v | Brjansk, Kharkiv | 161 | 1901–1907 | ||
З | Z | 2′C h2 | Kolomna | 24 | 1902–1906 | ![]() | |
І | I | (1′B)B n4v | Kolomna | 112 | 1903–1905 | [4] Mallet locomotives | ![]() |
У | U | 2′C n4v | Putilow | 56 | 1906–1910 | ![]() | |
Щ | Shch | 1′D n2v, h2 and h2v | Kharkiv, Brjansk, Luhansk, Newski, Putilow, Krasnoje Sormowo, Kolomna | 2028 | 1906–1924 | Variants with different wheel diameter | ![]() |
Б | B | 2′C h2 | Brjansk, Luhansk | 252 | 1907–1914 | ![]() | |
К | K | 2′C h2 | Kolomna, Putilow, Moskau-Kasaner railway workshops | 145 | 1907–1912 | ![]() | |
Ѵ | Izhitsa | D h2 | Kolomna, Brjansk | 56 | 1908–1918 | ![]() | |
И | I | 1′D h2 | Kolomna | 19 | 1909–1910 | ![]() | |
С | S | 1′C1 h2 | Krasnoje Sormowo, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Newski | 678 | 1910–1919 | ![]() | |
Ы | Y | D n2v, h2v and h2 | Kolomna, Wotkinsk | 372 | 1910–1920 | ![]() | |
КУ | KU | 2′C h2 | Kolomna | 39 | 1911–1914 | K usilenny (larger K) | ![]() |
УУ | UU | 2′C h4v | Putilow | 6 | 1912 | U usilenny (larger U) | |
Э | E | E h2 | Luhansk, Krasnoje Sormowo, Kharkiv, Kolomna, Brjansk, Newski | 1528 | 1912–1925 | ![]() | |
ѴС originally ЧВПс |
YS originally ChVPs |
D h2 | Krasnoje Sormowo | 27 | 1914–1915 | as Standard gauge for the Warsaw–Vienna line. | |
СВ | SV | 1′C1′ h2 | Kolomna | 15 | 1914–1915 | Built to standard gauge for Warsaw-Vienna line in 1915. Later converted to 5 ft gauge for Moscow-Kursk line.[5] | ![]() |
Л from 1947: ЛП |
L from 1947:>br>LP |
2′C1′ h4 | Putilow | 66 | 1914–1926 | ||
ЕС | YeS | 1′E h2 | ALCO | 106 | 1915–1916 | [6] S for Schenectady | |
ЕФ | YeF | 1′E h2 | Baldwin | 242 | 1915 | F for Philadelphia; 250 shipped, 8 lost at sea |
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ЕК | YeK | 1′E h2 | CLC | 50 | 1915–1916 | K for Kingston | |
ЕЛ | YeL | 1′E h2 | ALCO, Baldwin | al least 554 | 1916–1919 | L for chief engineer A. I. Lipez | ![]() |
ЭШ | ESh | E h2 | NoHAB | 500 | 1920–1924 | Two with Uniflow steam engine designated ЭМШ (EMSh) | ![]() |
ЭГ | EG | E h2 | AEG, Borsig, Hanomag, SMF, Henschel, Hohenzollern, Humboldt, Jung, Karlsruhe, Krauss, Krupp, LHW, O&K, Rheinmetall, BMAG, Vulcan, Wolf, Maffei, Esslingen | 700 | 1921–1923 | 1 rebuilt to condensing locomotive in 1933 and designated ЭГК (EGK) | |
ХМ | KhM | 1′D | |||||
Ф | F | 1′E | État Belge type 36 | ![]() | |||
Ь | ' | B B1 1B C C1′ C2′ D 1′E1′ |
to 1957 | Class for various goods tank locomotives | ![]() |
Locomotives built after 1925
Class (Cyrillic) |
Class (Romanized) |
Type | Manufacturer | Quantity | Years built |
Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
СУ | SU | 1′C1′ h2 | Brjansk, Krasnoje Sormowo, Kolomna, Luhansk, Charkow | 2270 | 1925–1941 | 36 with higher axleload designated СУТ (SUT); 210 with draught fan designated СУМ (SUM) |
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Krasnoje Sormowo | 411 | 1947–1951 | 2 with mechanical stokers designated СУР (SUR) | ||||
М | M | 2′D h3 | Luhansk, Putilow | 100 | 1926–1930 | Rebuilt from 1932 as 2-cylinder designated МР (MR) | ![]() |
ЭУ | EU | E h2 | Kolomna, Luhansk, Krasnoje Sormowo, Brjansk, Charkow | 2535 | 1926–1931 | ![]() | |
Та | Ta | 1′E2′ h2 | ALCO | 5 | 1931 | Experimental locomotives | ![]() |
Тб | Tb | 1′E1′ h2 | Baldwin | 5 | 1931 | Experimental locomotives | ![]() |
ФД20 | FD20 | 1′E1′ h2 | Voroshilovgrad | 2927 | 1931–1940 | [7] FD after Felix Dzerzhinsky; 2 Condensing locomotives designated ФДК (FDK) |
![]() |
ИС20 from 1962: ФДП20 |
IS20 from 1962: FDP20 |
1'D2' h2 | Kolomna, Voroshilovgrad | 638 | 1932–1941 | IS after Joseph Stalin | |
ЭМ | EM | E h2 | Voroshilovgrad, Krasnoje Sormowo, Brjansk, Charkow | 2325 | 1932–1935 | 18 converted to Condensing locomotives and designated ЭМК (EMK) between 1937 and 1940 | ![]() |
Я | Ya | 2′D1′+1′D2′ h2 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 1 | 1932 | [8] Experimental Garratt locomotive – the biggest Garratt locomotive ever built. | ![]() |
ЭР | ER | E h2 | Murom workshops | (1) | (1933) | [9] Rebuilt from ЭМ (EM) | |
Voroshilovgrad, Brjansk | 305 | 1934–1936 | |||||
Kolomna | 22 | 1943–1944 | |||||
Reșița, MÁVAG, Malaxa, ČKD, Cegielski, Škoda | 2716 | 1946–1955 | |||||
АА20 | AA20 | 2′G2′ h2 | Voroshilovgrad | 1 | 1934 | Experimental locomotive; AA after Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev |
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СО17 | SO17 | 1′E h2 | Charkow, Brjansk, Ulan-Ude, Krasnojarsk, Voroshilovgrad | 2523 | 1934–1951 | SO after Grigory (Sergo) Ordzhonikidze; 2 condensing locomotives designated СОК (SOK) |
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9П | 9P | C t | Kolomna, Novocherkassk, Murom workshops | 2688 | 1935–1957 | ![]() | |
9Пм | 9P | C t | Murom workshops | 500 | 1955–1957 | ![]() | |
CO19 also СОК |
SO19 also SOK |
1′E h2 | Charkow, Brjansk, Ulan-Ude, Voroshilovgrad | 1436 | 1936–1942 | Condensing locomotives | |
В5 | V5 | B′2′ h2 | Kolomna | 1 | 1937 | Experimental locomotive with high pressure boiler | ![]() |
2-3-2К | 2-3-2K | 2′C2′ h2 | Kolomna | 2 | 1937–1938 | Experimental locomotives | |
2-3-2В | 2-3-2V | 2′C2′ h2 | Voroshilovgrad | 1 | 1938 | Experimental locomotive | |
СО18 also СОВ |
SO18 also SOV |
1′E h2 | Charkow, Brjansk, Voroshilovgrad | 489 | 1939–1946 | ||
ФД21 | FD21 | 1′E1′ h2 | Voroshilovgrad, Ulan-Ude | 286 | 1940–1942 | as ФД20 (FD20), with 21 t axleload | |
ИС21 from 1962: ФДП21 |
IS21 from 1962: FDP21 |
1′D2′ h2 | Voroshilovgrad | 11 | 1941–1942 | as ИС20 (IS20), but with 21 t axleload | |
TЭ | TE | 1'E h2 | Various | ~2700 | 1942-1945 | Captured Deutsche Reichsbahn Kriegsloks. Some standard gauge, used in the Baltic and border republics. 100 transferred to Hungarian State Railways in 1963. | ![]() |
ФДР18 | FDR18 | 1′E2′ h2 | Ulan-Ude | (85) | (1943–1944) | Converted from ФД (FD); 18 t axleload; | |
ШA | ShA | 1′D h2 | ALCO, Baldwin | 194 | 1943 | USATC S160 Class; 200 shipped, 6 lost at sea |
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ЕА | YeA | 1′E h2 | ALCO, Baldwin | 1622 | 1944–1946 | ![]() | |
ЕМ | YeM | 1′E h2 | Baldwin | 425 | 1944–1947 | 13 with feedwater heater ЕМВ (EMV) | |
Л originally П |
L originally P |
1′E h2 | Kolomna, Voroshilovgrad, Brjansk | 4199 | 1945–1955 | ||
23 also УУ |
23 also UU |
1′E2′ h2 | Ulan-Ude | 1 | 1949 | Experimental locomotive | ![]() |
ОР23 | OR23 | 1′E2′ h4 | Voroshilovgrad | 1 | 1949 | Experimental locomotive | ![]() |
П34 | P34 | (1′C)C1′ h4 | Kolomna | 1 | 1949 | Experimental Mallet locomotive | |
П36 | P36 | 2′D2′ h2 | Kolomna | 251 | 1950–1956 | ![]() | |
ЛК | LK | 1′E h2 | Voroschilovgrad | 1 | 1951 | Experimental locomotive | ![]() |
ЛВ originally ОР18 |
LV originally OR18 |
1′E1′ h2 | Voroschilovgrad | 522 | 1952–1956 | ![]() | |
ОР21 | OR21 | 1′E1′ h2 | Voroschilovgrad | 3 | 1953–1954 | Experimental locomotives | |
П38 | P38 | (1′D)D2′ h4 | Kolomna | 4 | 1954–1955 | Experimental Mallet locomotive | ![]() |
Captured locomotives
Class (Cyrillic) |
Class (Romanized) |
Type | Manufacturer | Quantity | Years built |
Notes | Image |
---|
Locomotive builders
Reference[10]
- Kolomna, Moscow, founded 1862
- Nevsky, Saint Petersburg, first locomotive 1870
- Briansk, Moscow, founded 1873
- Kirov Plant (or Putilov), Saint Petersburg, first locomotive 1894
- Kharkov Locomotive Factory, first locomotive 1897
- Sormovo Factory, Nizhny Novgorod, first locomotive 1898
See also
- History of rail transport in Russia
- Rail transport in the Soviet Union
- Russian Railway Museum, in St.Petersburg
References
- Le Fleming, H. M.; Price, J.H. (1960). Russian Steam Locomotives,. London: John Marshbank Ltd.
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- ^ Le Fleming, H.M. and Price, J.H. Russian Steam Locomotives, John Marshbank Ltd, London, 1960
- ^ Fleming & Price 1960, p. 23 . These are the figures quoted in the reference, although 1670 mm is actually 5 ft 5¾ in.
- ^ Fleming & Price 1960, p. 27
- ^ Fleming & Price 1960, p. 29
- ^ Fleming and Price p 32
- ^ Fleming and Price pp 41-42
- ^ Fleming & Price 1960, pp. 53–55
- ^ Fleming & Price 1960, p. 53
- ^ Fleming & Price 1960, pp. 48–49
- ^ Fleming and Price pp 105-107