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Music of the Foreign Legion

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French Foreign Legion Music Band
Musique de la Légion étrangère (MLE)
Active1831 - present
AllegianceFrench Foreign Legion
BranchFrance French Army
Garrison/HQ1st Foreign Regiment 1er RE
Nickname(s)"The Commandant's Own"
MarchLe Boudin (Official Legion March)
Le Boudin (Official Legion Hymn)
WebsiteOfficial Website of the MLE

The French Foreign Legion Music Band or Foreign Legion Music (French: Musique de la Légion étrangère, MLE), formerly officially designated as the Principal Music of the Foreign Legion (French: Musique principale de la Légion étrangère) is a Musical Formation of the French Army composed largely of Legionnaires.

French or Foreign, musicians or not, they all volunteer to integrate the ranks of the Legion and receive first, a military formation (basic instruction) at the 4th Foreign Regiment 4e RE, then are either assigned to a Force Regiment or the 1st Foreign Regiment 1er RE.

A unique Musical composition. The French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) is the only military band in the world formed of French and Foreigners, composed of Legionnaire Musicians.

History

Main articles: Origins of the French Foreign Legion and Honneur et Fidélité
Each year, the French Foreign Legion commemorates and celebrates Camarón in its headquarters in Aubagne and Bastille Day military parade in Paris; featuring the Pionniers leading and opening the way while marching to the sound of the Music.

The History of French Foreign Legion Music commenced with the creation of the French Foreign Legion by King Louis Philippe I in 1831. Legionnaires Musicians were regrouped at the corps of a common formation.[1]

The Music Band maintains till the present the usage of the Turkish crescent (French: "Chapeau chinois"), an Ottoman music instrument of Turkish origin. This leather pavilion adorned by small bells, progressively abandoned during the 19th century by most of the military music units, was conserved by the Legion which decorated it with horsehair, in reference to an old Muslim custom adopted by the regiments of Africa : the horsehair underneath the combatant rider was a sign of courage. Exposed in front the tent of the chief (French: Caïd), they became the symbol of command. The Music of the French Foreign Legion is distinguished also by the usage of Fifes, heir to the Swiss traditions of old times and the low beat of the snare drums.[2]

The Music of the Legion also conserves another tradition from the disbanded Hohenlohe Regiment.[3] In 1830, this regiment, ancestor of the Legion paraded at a slow cadence: 88 military steps/minute against 120 for other units.[4] It is this unique cadence which confers a majestic and powerful symbol not just for the French Foreign Legion Music Band but for the Legion as a whole[5]

During 1831, the number of musicians was regulated by the military habits of the time: one director of music, one bandmaster, a drum major and 28 musicians.

Numerous years of supporting work and persisting efforts were required to put this formation in a dignified state of production. However, the Legionnaires often hailed from regions in Europe were music reigned. Eventually, despite the modest means of existence, the Music of the Legion has been remarked and renowned for its musical qualities.

Towards 1860, the band reached 40 musicians. The Music was accordingly directed by Mr. Wilhem (French: Wilhem) who composed, from 16 imposed measures (French: mesures imposes) on French regiments, the March of the French Foreign Legion, the famous Le Boudin (French: Le Boudin (marche de la Légion)).[6]

At the end of 1887, a String Instruments (French: Instrument à Cordes) Orchestra was created. The sorting arrangements of popular themes, and renowned Opera (French: opera) environments composed the first repertory.

At the declaration of the World War I, in 1914, the Music was dissolved and the forming Legionnaires filled the ranks of combat units in order to enlarge the combatant ranks. However, as soon as peace prevailed again, the Music was reformed.

The Wind Band (French: Orchestre d'Harmonie) and Symphonic Orchestra (French: Orchestre Symphonique) witnessed a continuous crescendo of appreciation. The Drum-fanfare Orchestra (French: Orchestre de Batterie-Fanfare), with their Fifes (French: fifres), Trumpets and Cavalry Bugle (French: Trompettes de Cavalerie), was one of the Legion's most distinctive units.

In 1940, the Music was again dismantled to participate to the war effort. The Music was reconstituted again in 1946, however the String Orchestra ceased to exist. Nevertheless, the Fanfare Orchestra (French: Orchestre d'Harmonie) remained in service till today.

In 1962, the Music left Sidi-bel-Abbès and came to garrison with the 1st Foreign 1er RE at Aubagne, its barracks as of present.

Since 1999, within the cadres of the restructuring of the French Army, the Music lost the designation of "Principal Music" and witnessed a decrease from a hundred bandsmen to just 55 bandsmen.

The French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) today

The French Foreign Legion Music Band is renowned for the particular participation to grand military manifestations and maneuvers. The passage of the Band on the Champs Elysées on July 14, is without a doubt the most recognizable image known by the grand public audience.[7] The French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) is very requested and demanded, in France as well as overseas, in the International Military Music Festivals.[8]

However, the Music is produced frequently in various civilian lieu and environments as well.[9] Within this title, the Music can be considered as the Ambassador of the Foreign Legion and the entire French Armed Forces.[10] The variety of the repertory and the talents of the Musicians Legionnaires allows the Music to demonstrate and produce tuned performances, both in a Classical register and extended Modern theme context.[11]

In complete formation, the Music can be produced either in a Classical Musical Orchestra or in a big band formation.[12] The Music formation is equally capable in sizing to a reduced tune of a Quintet and Octet.[13]

The Music is considered the patrimonial tune of all songs and marches of the Legion, all which are a reflection of the virtues of the Legionnaires.[14] The Music usually tours France and produces itself in a vast array of performances and lieu, including : Hong-Kong, Mannheim, London, Florence, Halifax, Seoul, Moscow (Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo), Santiago and numerous other countries.[15] Their executioners, regrouped around the Chapeau Chinois, harbor proudly the insignias of the 1st Foreign Regiment 1er RE and the Music, carrying soundly properly high, the preserved principal reputation of the French Foreign Legion.[16]

Musical particularities

The Music of the French Foreign Legion today keeps an old tradition of French military bands - the famous Chinese Hat (French: "Chapeau Chinois"), a tradition from the Army of Africa and Fifes (French: Fifres).[17]

The Chinese Hat, a leather pavilion harnessing small bells, and surmounted by a grenade with seven flames, is of Turkish origin. Progressively abandoned by most music bands everywhere since the early 20th century, the latter was kept by the Legion which adorned it with horsehair tail. Their presence are found in an old Islamic custom adopted by the regiments of Africa: bringing back a horsehair tail situated beneath a killed combatant rider was a testimony of courage.[18]

The Foreign Legion Music Band marching at the Spasskaya Tower, Red Square in Moscow, Russia.

Exposed in front of the tent of the chief (French: Caïd), these horsehairs became a command symbol.[19]

Band Fifers

The fifes (French: Fifres), an instrument of Swiss origin, which appeared in France during the reign of Louis XI of France,[20] have accompanied until the revolutionary wars the drums of the French Infantry.[21] They fell into disuse and were only conserved by certain Imperial units such the Imperial Guard or Swiss Guard.[22] The legion has conserved thus the repertory of the Fifres.[23]

The Music plays the tune in an indifferent manner with fifes or their modern equivalent, the piccolos [24] The battery equally presents the characteristic to wear the drums low, the inferior circle being at the level of the knees.[25]

The Music of the Legion distinguishes from other musical formations of the French Army by the particular marching rhythm of its marches. The Legion parades at 88 military steps/ minute against 120 military steps for the other units. This slow and powerful rhythm earns the various folklores of the Legion, their allure in military parades.[26]

Le Boudin - Regimental Slow March

The origins of Le Boudin (French: Le Boudin (marche de la Légion)) (the word), as well as the Legion's official hymn and march, are wrongly misunderstood and inappropriately portrayed at many levels.[27] Le Boudin refers to the perfect roll-up of the tents placed in the combat bags and which was voluntarily called "Boudin".[28] It was a little after the departure of the Foreign Regiment to Mexico that Mr. Wilhem (French: Wilhem), the Director of Music (French: Chef de Musique) then, composed that March which became the March of the Foreign Legion (French: Marche de la Légion étrangère).[29]

The actual lyrics and words were adopted towards 1870 : the King of the Belgians requested his subjects not to combat for France and numerous young (French: Jeune) Alsatians (French: Les Alsaciens) and Lorranians (French: Les Lorrains) accordingly volunteered in the Legion.[30] It is the official regimental slow march of the Legion.

Composition

A classical formation performance of the Foreign Legion Music.

The fanfare and drumline formation consists of 18 drummers and buglers playing Field Drums (French: Tambour), snare drums (French: Caisses Claires), the Bass Drum (French: Grosse Caisse), the clash cymbals, the Buglers (French: Clairon), the Cavalry fanfare trumpeters (French: Trompettes de Cavalerie) and fifers (French: Fifres), together with the Turkish cresent bearer. [31]

The wind formation in concert configuration consists of 32 Musicians with Clarinets, Saxophones, Trumpets, Cornets, French horns, Trombones, Double basses (French: Contrebasse), Baritone horns, and Sousaphones.[32] In marching band configuration, the 32 musicians are organized into:

  • Trombones and Bass Trombones
  • Trumpets, Cornets, Flugelhorns
  • French Horns
  • Saxophones, Clarinets, Piccolos
  • Tubas, Baritone horns, Euphoniums, Sousaphones

In total, the actual Foreign Legion Music Band led by the Director of Music (French: Chef de Musique) is composed of 65 parading Legionnaires Musicians : 1 Officer (who serves as the Band Drum Major), 12 Sous-Officiers de Légion (in reference designation to ranks from Legion Sergents to Legion Majors[33]), and 52 Legionnaires.[34]

Recruitment - formation

During the recruitment of the Legionnaires; those who were former Musicians, pass an audition during selection. At that moment, it would be decided if, at the end of their basic instruction, they would be deployed to a force regiment or would be directly deployed to serve in the French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE).

On another hand, each Legion regiment, houses for their own ceremonial customs, military parades and marching songs, their own respective Bugle or Cavalry Trumpet Legionnaires. Throughout the course of their careers, these regimental Legionnaires Musicians can be brought to serve in the French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) on any designated occasion or time duration.

The particularity of recruitment at the French Foreign Legion is of such, that some of these Musician Legionnaires have studied often in some of the best conservatories in the world or have already performed on the grand international musical scenes. While the Legionnaires Musicians of the French Foreign Legion Music Band (MLE) are primarily focused on their tune compositions, they also deploy on operational missions and conduct various field trainings, as combatants first.

As far as formation is concerned, the Legionnaires adopt the Musical formation "cursus" of the French Armed Forces. They also conduct several musical courses, in garrison or in metropolis, administered by civilian musician professors of various conservatories.

Music Repertory of the Foreign Legion

Marches of the Legion (16)[35]

Traditional Marches and Songs of the Armed Forces(18)[36]

  • Les Grenadiers de la Vieille Garde at Waterloo
  • Marche des Bonnets a Poils
  • Chant des Partisans
  • La Sarabande
  • Marche pour la ceremonie des Turcs
  • Africains (les)
  • Marche Funebre de Chopin
  • Robert Bruce
  • Adieu Vieille Europe
  • Le Fanion de la Legion
  • Chant du 5e RE
  • A L'Etendard
  • Marseillaise
    (National Anthem)
  • Saint-Cyr
  • Sans Peur
  • Marche des Tirailleurs

Other marches played in concerts and parades (22)[37]

  • Nouveau Arigang Marche
  • Colonel Bogey
  • Century March
  • Carillon
  • Chairman (the)
  • March of the Irish Guard
  • Friendships' Hymn
  • Fehrbelliner Reitermarsch
  • Rue Republique
  • La Mer
  • De Guello
  • Military Escort
  • Mediterranean
  • Proschanie Slavanki
  • Vstretchniy Proebragenskogo Polka
  • Minauderie
  • Bolero Militaire
  • Jeune Chef
  • Signal March
  • Sons of the Brave
  • Taptoe Majorette
  • Telefon

French Foreign Legion Music Productions

Bons baisers de Russie (15)
[38]

  • Defile du 3 - tradition
  • New Baroque Suite
  • Chant du 5eME REI - tradition
  • Ciocalia - air populaire
  • Marche Russe
  • L'Armee des Ombres
  • Marche de la DSPLE
  • Calembour Musical (Quintette de cuivres)
  • A Moi La Legion
  • James Bon Theme
  • Preobrazhensky March
  • Les Nuits Moscovites
  • Arma Invicta
  • Mancini Spectacular
  • Marche de la Legion Etrangere

De Sidi Bel Abbes a Aubagne (17)[39]

  • Sidi Bel Abbes
  • Marche Militaire Francaise
  • Adieu Vieille Europe - traditional
  • Bonaparte (extraits)
  • De Guello
  • Appalachian Legacy
  • Flippant
  • Whimsical
  • Sorta Mixed Up
  • Danse des Sabre
  • Chile Lindo
  • The Imperial March
  • La Mome Piaf
  • Rue Republique
  • P.M.O Polka
  • Marche du 1er RE
  • Marche de la Legion Etrangere

Héros (Golden Production - 14)[40]

Veronika (14)[41]

  • Nos Kepis Blancs
  • Ben Hur
  • Veronika
  • Aux Mort de la Patrie
  • Teinklied Im Winter
  • A La Hussarde
  • Ready Steady Brass
  • Marche Lorraine
  • Danse avec les Loups
  • Trois Jeunes Tambour
  • Un Americain a Paris
  • The Free Lance March
  • Glenn Miller Medley
  • La Marche de la Legion Etrangere

Insignias

  • Insigne de manche of a caporal of French Foreign Legion Music Band (Field Drumline)
    Insigne de manche of a caporal of French Foreign Legion Music Band (Field Drumline)
  • Insigne de manche of a caporal-chef of the Foreign Legion (Band)
    Insigne de manche of a caporal-chef of the Foreign Legion (Band)

See also

References

  1. ^ [1] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  2. ^ [2] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  3. ^ [3] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  4. ^ [4] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  5. ^ [5] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  6. ^ [6] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  7. ^ [7] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  8. ^ [8] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  9. ^ [9] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  10. ^ [10] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  11. ^ [11] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  12. ^ [12] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  13. ^ [13] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  14. ^ [14] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  15. ^ [15] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  16. ^ [16] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  17. ^ [17] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  18. ^ [18] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  19. ^ [19] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  20. ^ [20] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  21. ^ [21] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  22. ^ [22] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  23. ^ [23] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  24. ^ [24] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  25. ^ [25] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  26. ^ [26] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  27. ^ [27] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  28. ^ [28] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  29. ^ [29] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  30. ^ [30] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  31. ^ [31] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  32. ^ [32] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  33. ^ The rank of French Major was a senior superior Officer rank first with a history of various military traditions in various corps, then recently became a senior rank attached to the sub-officer corps as of 2009. Prior to such integration, the rank of French Major was a senior superior corps between the French Officer Corps and French Non-Commissioned Corps, with history dating back well beyond the 18th century at the level of various designations across the armed forces of France.
  34. ^ [33] History of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  35. ^ [34] Music Repertory of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  36. ^ [35] Music Repertory of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  37. ^ [36] Music Repertory of the French Foreign Legion Music Band
  38. ^ [37] French Foreign Legion Music Productions
  39. ^ [38] French Foreign Legion Music Productions
  40. ^ [39] French Foreign Legion Music Productions
  41. ^ [40] French Foreign Legion Music Productions

Sources

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