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This article is about the national Medical fraternity. For the unrelated national Pharmacy fraternity originally called Phi Chi, but later renamed, see Phi Delta Chi.
Phi Chi Medical Fraternity
ΦΧ
FoundedMarch 31, 1889; 135 years ago (March 31, 1889)
University of Vermont (Burlington, Vermont)
TypeProfessional fraternity
EmphasisMedicine
ScopeInternational
 United States
 Sint Maarten
 United Kingdom
 Grenada
 Canada
 Mexico
 Curaçao
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
MottoGreek: Φθνομεν Χραισμειν (Phthomen Chraismein)
Template:Lang-en
ColorsOlive green and White
SymbolAdult Tiger Beetle (Cicindela patruela), Doodlebug
FlowerLily of the Valley
PublicationThe Chronicles; formerly The Quarterly
Chapters16
HeadquartersFloyds Knobs, Indiana
USA
Websitewww.phichimed.org

Phi Chi (ΦΧ) is one of the oldest and largest international medical fraternities of its kind in the world. Phi Chi evolved from the merging of two professional medical fraternities bearing the same name. Phi Chi Society (Phi Chi East) was founded on March 31, 1889, at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. Phi Chi Medical Fraternity (Phi Chi South) was founded on October 26, 1894, at the Louisville Medical College, Louisville, Ky. These two organizations did not know that they shared a similar name when they were founded. On March 5, 1905, in Burlington, Vt., Phi Chi Society and Phi Chi Medical Fraternity, Inc., were consolidated taking the name Phi Chi Medical Fraternity, Inc.

Phi Chi has grown to become a co-ed, international, professional medical fraternity with chapters in 5 countries.

A Short History

Phi Chi Society of the East

Main article: Phi Chi Society

The Eastern Fraternity was founded by Caleb Wakefield Clark on March 31, 1889, who called to his support Frederick Luther Osgood, Isaac Newton Fox and Alfred Judson Young, all of the class of 1889. According to a letter from Dr. Clark shortly before his death, “Phi Chi was not formed for purely social reasons and indeed, my aim and desire to bring about such an organization was primarily to get together and discuss thing medical and thus get more out of our college course. The new fraternity was to be established to give all possible aid in the dissemination of knowledge and information along medical lines and to broaden and uplift the minds of all; as I keenly felt the need of a society through which we could work and cooperate.”

In 1895, members from the University of Vermont met in Baltimore, Md and created the Beta Chapter in the Baltimore Medical College. In 1900, Gamma was chartered in the Maine Medical College under similar circumstances. In 1902 and 1903, Beta organized Delta and Theta in Baltimore. On February 26, 1904, Alpha Chapter called a convention of Phi Chi Society Chapters (A, B, Γ, Δ, Θ) to meet in Burlington, Vt. June 5, 1904, is the first convention of the Grand Chapter.

Phi Chi Medical Fraternity of the South

“October 26, 1894, at four o’clock, p.m., there assembled in the office of Doctor Clinton Kelly” of the faculty of the Louisville Medical College, “A. Harris Kelly, Samuel T. McClung, G. Fowler Border, Joseph N. Powers, George E. Gavin, Charles W. Hibbitt, and Linn L. Kennedy (all of whom became members of Alpha of the Southern Fraternity; now Alpha Alpha) for the purpose of organizing a fraternity.”

The growth of Phi Chi is a great monument to the spirit that urged the original group to unite and form a medical fraternity in a city where little was known of such societies. The first members of the Southern Fraternity consisted of the previously mentioned as well as Carey A. Gray and Walker B. Gossett.

On November 5, 1894, a committee was appointed to draft a constitution and not until November 17, was the first officers elected: Presiding Senior, McClung; Presiding Junior, Gossett; Secretary, Kennedy, and Powers, Treasurer (Judge Advocate and the minor officers had not been provided for). Wedding, Chapman and Shacklett were elected to membership and included with Gossett and Gray in the charter listing of members. The First Regular Meeting was held on Saturday, December 8, 1894. On December 29, 1894, D.A. Garrison, O. K. Harris, E. Rea Norris and A.P. Campbell were to complete the charter members.

Beta and Gamma chapters are installed in December 1896.

On February 26, 1897, the first Grand Chapter Convention of Southern Phi Chi Chapters (A, B, Γ, Δ) is called; this date later becomes Founder’s Day.

In 1898 Phi Chi expands out of the Louisville, KY.

The first volume of The Phi Chi Quarterly, the name of the official fraternal publication, is published on April 1, 1904 (the name is changed to The Phi Chi Chronicles in 1989).

Phi Chi Medical Fraternity

On March 5, 1905, Phi Chi Medical Fraternity (Southern Phi Chi) and Phi Chi Society (Eastern Phi Chi) are joined in Baltimore, MD, making Phi Chi the largest medical fraternity in America. Chapter names which conflicted during the joining were resolved by allowing the older chapter to retain its single name and the second chapter to have its name duplicated (Alpha, University of Vermont, 1889; Alpha Alpha, Louisville Medical College, 1894).

On July 1, 1910, the first history of Phi Chi is published. In 1915 the first Phi Chi Directory is published with 37 active chapter (some chapters had been consolidated) and 6,790 initiated members.

1922 saw the merger of Pi Mu Honor Society and Phi Chi as well as the chartering of Beta Mu Chapter at McGill University, Phi Chi’s first Canadian Chapter, on May 15.

December 1925, 24th Grand Chapter Convention is held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There are 54 chapters and 12,169 members.

In 1927, the Student Loan Fund was created which was run by the Welfare Association after its creation in 1947, to provide emergency loans for members in need.

On February 21, 1948, Phi Alpha Gamma and Phi Chi merge.

In 1949, the Phi Chi Welfare Association is incorporated. On August 20, Irvin Abell, the first Grand Presiding Senior of Phi Chi, dies.

Eden J. Carey, MD, Memorial Award in Anatomy plaques are created in May 1950.

February 26, 1960, Omega Chapter of Phi Chi is chartered at National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, the first chapter south of the border. The Michael J. Carey, MD, Senior Service Award is first presented.

May 21, 1962, ΥΒ Chapter of Phi Chi is chartered at University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR.

At the XL Grand Chapter Convention in 1973, women medical students are allowed membership.

September 1989, AA and AB Alumni Chapters are chartered.

Sigma Chi Mu Chapter is chartered on October 19, 2001, at American University of the Caribbean, St. Maarten, Netherlands Antilles, making it the first Caribbean chapter.

August 4, 2002, Sigma Tau Chi chapter of St. Christopher College of Medicine in Luton, England is chartered making it the first European chapter of Phi Chi.

On June 12, 2018, Delta Kappa Chapter at Saint James School of Medicine in Anguilla was chartered.

Current Chapters

Alpha (Southern), Louisville, KY, 1895

USA Chapters

Omicron - Tulane University of Louisiana School of Medicine, New Orleans; Chartered- December 20, 1902

Zeta - University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine, Galveston; Chartered- April 29, 1903

Chi - Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; Chartered- December 9, 1903

Psi - University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; Chartered- December 16, 1905

Alpha Beta - The University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis; Chartered- April 4, 1914 [1]

Chi Upsilon - Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha; Chartered- January 15, 1916

Upsilon Nu - University of Nebraska Medical School, Omaha; Chartered- November 1, 1916

Kappa Chi - University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; Chartered- May 22, 1920

Sigma Kappa – Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine, Charleston; Chartered- June 2, 1927 [2]

Epsilon Kappa - University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Chartered- February 26, 1948

Rho Epsilon Omega - Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Georgia campus, Suwanee, Georgia; Chartered- October 22, 2015

International Chapters

Sigma Chi Mu - American University of the Caribbean, Cupecoy, St. Maarten, Netherlands Antilles; Chartered- October 19, 2001

Alpha Tau- Saint James School of Medicine, Arnos Vale, St. Vincent and the Grenadines; Chartered- June 18, 2016

Delta Kappa - Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla; Chartered- June 12, 2018

Chapter Order

Main article: List of Phi Chi chapters

Phi Chi East was founded in 1889. Phi Chi South was formed in 1894. When the two fraternities combined in 1905, it was decided that when the name of any two chapters conflicted, the chapter with precedence would retain the single letter and the chapter following shall duplicate its name, such as Alpha (1889), University of Vermont, and Alpha of Louisville (1894), which became Alpha Alpha.

Notable Members

Name Original chapter Notability References
Irvin Abell AA 1897 -President American Medical Association 1938

-President American College of Surgeons
-President Southeastern Surgical Association
-President Kentucky State Medical Association
-Named by President Roosevelt as Chairman of the national committee to co-operate with the Defense Commission on Public Health in 1940

Thomas Aceto Jr. X 1954 -Chair of Pediatrics at St. Louis University

-Pediatrician-In-Chief at SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center
-Developed the Pediatric Research Institute

[3]
Thomas Dale Alford ΛΡ 1939 -86th and 87th US Congress Representative for Arkansas

-Keynote speaker for the US as the 51st Inter-Parliamentary Conference in Brasilia, Brasil, Appointed by John F. Kennedy

[4]
Edward Annis EX 1938 -117th President American Medical Association 1963

-President World Medical Association 1963
-Appeared at Madison Square Gardens 1962 opposing the King Anderson Bill
-Director of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States 1969-1975
-One of 2 US physicians honored to be included in "Caring Physicians of the World" 2005
-Debated and spoke with President John F. Kennedy, and Senators Hubert Humphrey, Patrick V. McNamara, William Proxmire, Jacob K. Javits, and Albert Gore, Sr.

[5][6]
John Robin Blair ΘΗ 1908 -President American Medical Association

-President of Churchill Medical Society

[7]
David M. Bosworth A 1921 -Bosworth fracture named in his honor

-Awarded membership of Japanese Orthopaedic Association
-Only foreign recipient of the Second Order of the Sacred Treasure 1968

[8]
T. Drysdale Buchanan ΦΑ 1897
Founder of Alpha of Phi Alpha Gamma 		-First President of American Board of Anesthesiology and awarded Certificate #1 [9][10]
Eben Carey ΠΔΦ 1923 -Dean Marquette University Medical School 1933-1947

-Dean of Students Marquette University School of Medicine 1921-1928

[11]
Joseph Cowell Ψ 1871
Member of Phi Alpha Gamma 		-President of Michigan State Board of Registration in Medicine 1903-1905 [12]
Stanton Fischer YP 1956 -Senior Aviation Medical Examiner for US Department of Transportation

-Johnson Space Center- consultant for astronaut selection program

[13]
Richard L. Hammonds Σ 1960 -Health Advisor to President Jimmy Carter

-Board of Councilors- The Carter Center

[14][15]
Paul Williamson Howle ΘΗ 1898
Member of Pi Mu Honor Society 		-President of Rishmond Surgical Society [16]
Louis Jermain EX 1921 -First Dean Marquette University School of Medicine [17]
Hiram W. Kostmayer O 1909 -1942-1945 Dean Tulane School of Medicine

-1949 Honorary Doctor of Laws, Tulane
-Dean Post-graduate School of Medicine 1933-37, Tulane

[18]
Clifford C. Leek 1900
Delta chapter of Phi Alpha Gamma 		-President of Mower County Medical Society [19]
John McDonald O 1955 -First Chancellor of the Louisiana State University Medical School, Shreveport, LA

-1965-2000 Chancellor of New Orleans Medical Center
-Founding member of the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics
-Founding member of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
-President of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
-2002 55th Recipient of the Roswell Park Medal

[20][21]
Stuart McGuire ΘΗ 1891
Beta of Pi Mu Honor Society 		-1905-1914 President of the University College of Medicine

-1914-1925 President of Medical College of Virginia
-Distinguished Service Medal- WWI
-French Medaille d'Honneur- WWI
-Author of Principle of Surgery Published 1908

[22][23]
Spurgeon H. Neel Jr. AB 1942 -Major General US Army

-One of the most decorated medical officers
-President Aerospace Medical Association
-First Army graduate of USAF School of Aviation Medicine
-First aviation medical officer to receive flying status
-Deputy Surgeon General 1969-1973
-First Commanding General of the U.S. Army Health Services Command

[24]
Kenneth Dew Orr P 1940 -Major General US Army

-Honorary Doctoral Degree at Baylor University
-Distinguished Service Medal
-Legion of Merit with 2 Oak Leaf Clusters
-United Nations Service Medal

[25]
Thomas S. Parrott Σ 1964 -Emory's first pediatric urology fellow

-Teacher of the Year- Emory more times than any other faculty member

[26]
I.S. (Isidor Schwaner) Ravdin M 1918 -1956 retired as a Major General in the Medical Corps, the first person on non-active military service appointed Major General

-Senior Civilian Consultant to the Surgeon General and United States Army
-Member of the Armed Forces Medical Policy Council, Department of Defense, Health and Medical and was involved with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
-Legion of Merit and the First Oak Leaf Cluster to the Legion of Merit
-Brought to the White House to treat President Eisenhower participating in Eisenhower's emergency operation for ileitis
-American College of Surgeons Board of Governors, Chairman of the Board of Regents, and President 1960-1961
-American Cancer Society President 1962-1963
-1957 Philadelphia Award Recipient

[27]
Jacob E. Reisch YI 1928 -President 1954 American Medical Writers Association [28]
J. James Rohack Z 1981 -President AMA 2009-2010

-Bush School of Government & Public Service Advisory Board

[29]
Joseph Ross Π 1954 -Established Vanderbilt's Emergency Medicine Department

-Established Lifeflight Air Ambulance Program, Vanderbilt

[30]
Edward Carrington Stanard Taliaferro ΘΗ 1898
Member of Pi Mu Honor Society 		-President of the Staff of St. Vincent's Hospital

-President of Norfolk County Medical Society
-President of Scabord Medical Society
-President of Virginia State Medical Society 1921-1922

[31]
J. Roy Theroit O 1930 -Performed The First Successful Cardiovascular Resuscitation In Southern California

-One of the Attending Physicians To Gov. Huey P. Long After His Assassination
-Received The Croix De Guerre By French Gen. Charles De Gaulle

[32]
Donald Tresidder ΣΥ 1927 -President Stanford University 1943-1948

-Established Stanford Research Institute
-Tresidder Peak in Yosemite National Park is named for him

[33]
A. Murat Willis ΘΗ 1904
Member of Pi Mu Honor Society 		-President and founder of Johnston-Willis Hospital, Virginia

-President of the Richmond Academy of Medicine

[34]
Churchill F.Worrell ΒΔ 1917 -Member American Siberian Expedition [35]
Jonathan V. Wright Ψ 1969 -First to use DHEA in private practice

-Pioneer of Natural Hormone Replacement
-Honorary Doctorate Degree Naturopathic Medicine from Bastyr University

[36][37]
Elvin G. Zook M 1963 -Southern Illinois University School of Medicine- President, 1978-81 [38]
File:Alford.jpg
Thomas Alford
Eben Carey
File:Spurgeon Neel.jpg
Major General Spurgeon H. Neel Jr.
Major General I.S. Ravdin
Donald Tresidder

References

  • Baird, William, ed. (1915). Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (8 ed.). New York: The College Fraternity Publishing Co. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  • "Phi Chi Medical Fraternity".
  • Cannon, Daniel H. (1989). The History of Phi Chi Medical Fraternity Inc. Centennial Edition 1889-1989. Phi Chi Quarterly Office.
  • Cannon, Daniel H. (2005). Phi Chi Chronicles. 11 (1). Phi Chi Quarterly Office. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • Cannon, Daniel H. (2009). Phi Chi Chronicles. 13 (1). Phi Chi Quarterly Office. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  1. ^ Kappa chapter of Pi Mu Honor Society merged with Alpha Beta chapter in 1922.
  2. ^ This chapter was revived from earlier Tau chapter, which had been at the campus prior to the school's merger as a unit of the University of South Carolina.
  3. ^ "Thomas Aceto Jr. M.D. 1929-2009". Archived from the original on 2012-03-13. Retrieved 2010-10-22.
  4. ^ "An Arkansas Connection". Retrieved 2010-10-22.
  5. ^ "AMA - 1961 to 1979". Retrieved 2010-10-22.
  6. ^ Lichtenstein, Nelson (1976). "The Kennedy Years". Political Profiles. Vol. 3. New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp. 12–14.
  7. ^ "History of Virginia". Retrieved 2010-10-19.
  8. ^ "David Marsh Bosworth, 1897-1979" (PDF). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 62 (3): 488. Apr 1980. doi:10.2106/00004623-198062030-00025. PMID 6988433. Retrieved 2020-10-19.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ "Thomas Drysdale Buchanan". Anesthesia History Association Newsletter. 9 (1). January 1991.
  10. ^ Harvey, William (2008). History of Homoeopathy and Its Institutions in America. Vol. 4. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 87. ISBN 9781426411526.
  11. ^ Morton, S.A. M.D. (August 1947). "Eben J. Carey, M.D." (PDF). Radiology. 49 (2): 244–246. doi:10.1148/49.2.244b.
  12. ^ Cazalet, Sylvain. "History of Homoeopathy Biographies". Retrieved 2010-10-22.
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  14. ^ "Auburn Alumni Association Golden Eagles Reunion". Archived from the original on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
  15. ^ "Carter Center Appoints Atlanta Leaders to Board of Councilors". May 20, 2004. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
  16. ^ "History of Virginia". Retrieved 2010-10-22.
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  18. ^ "POTPOURRI" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-10-19.
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  22. ^ "Stuart McGuire". Retrieved 2010-10-19.
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  24. ^ "Biosketch of Spurgeon H. Neel, Jr., Major General, USA Retired" (PDF). U.S. Army Medical Department Office of Medical History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
  25. ^ "WORLD-OBITS-L ORR; KENNETH DEW". RootsWeb. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
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  30. ^ Jones, Jerry. "Emergency Medicine lecture to honor Joseph Ross, M.D." Reporter. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
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See also

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