1980 Canadian federal election

1980 Canadian federal election

February 18, 1980
282 seats in the House of Commons 142 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	69.3% (6.4pp)
First party Second party   Leader Pierre Trudeau Joe Clark Party Liberal Progressive Conservative Leader since April 6, 1968 February 22, 1976 Leader's seat Mount Royal Yellowhead Last election 114 seats, 40.11% 136 seats, 35.89% Seats before 114 136 Seats won 147 103 Seat change 33 33 Popular vote 4,855,425 3,552,994 Percentage 44.34% 32.45% Swing 4.23pp 3.44pp   Third party Fourth party   SC Leader Ed Broadbent Fabien Roy Party New Democratic Social Credit Leader since July 7, 1975 March 30, 1979 Leader's seat Oshawa Beauce (lost re-election) Last election 26 seats, 17.88% 6 seats, 4.61% Seats before 27 5 Seats won 32 0 Seat change 5 5 Popular vote 2,165,087 185,486 Percentage 19.77% 1.70% Swing 1.89pp 2.91pp
Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote by province but instead via results by each riding.
Prime Minister before election Joe Clark Progressive Conservative Prime Minister after election Pierre Trudeau Liberal

The 1980 Canadian federal election was held on February 18, 1980, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 32nd Parliament of Canada. It was called when the minority Progressive Conservative government led by Prime Minister Joe Clark was defeated in the Commons.

Clark and his government had been under attack for its perceived inexperience, for example, in its handling of its 1979 election campaign commitment to move Canada's embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Clark had maintained uneasy relations with the fourth largest party in the House of Commons, Social Credit. While he needed the six votes that the conservative-populist Quebec-based party had to get legislation passed, he was unwilling to agree to the conditions they imposed for their support. Clark had managed to recruit one Social Credit MP, Richard Janelle, to join the PC caucus.

Clark's Minister of Finance, John Crosbie, introduced an austere government budget in late 1979 that proposed to increase the excise tax on gasoline by 18¢ per Imperial gallon (about 4¢ a litre) to reduce the federal government's deficit. The New Democratic Party's finance critic, Bob Rae, proposed a subamendment to the budget motion, stating that the House of Commons did not approve of the budget. The five remaining Social Credit MPs abstained, upset that the revenues from the increased gas tax were not allocated to Quebec. In addition, one Tory MP was too ill to attend the vote while two others were abroad on official business. Meanwhile, the Liberals assembled all but one member of their caucus, even going as far as to bring in several bedridden MPs by ambulance. Rae's subamendment was adopted by a vote of 139–133, bringing down the government and forcing a new election.

Former Liberal Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau had announced his resignation as leader of the Liberal Party following its defeat in 1979. However, no leadership convention had been held when the Progressive Conservative government fell. Trudeau quickly rescinded his resignation and led the party to victory, winning 33 more seats than in the 1979 federal election. That enabled the Liberals to form a majority government.

Clark's Tories campaigned under the slogan, "Real change deserves a fair chance," but the voters were unwilling to give Clark another chance. The loss of the budget vote just seven months into his mandate and his subsequent defeat in the February 18 general election would eventually result in his ouster as leader by Brian Mulroney in 1983.

The Socreds' abstention on the crucial budget vote, even if not decisive (the vote would still have passed by 139-138 had they opposed it), contributed to the growing perception that the party had become irrelevant since the death of iconic leader Réal Caouette. The party lost all of its seats, never to return, and rapidly declined into obscurity although it nominally continued to exist until 1993.

The new House was very regionally polarized. While the Liberals were shut out west of Manitoba, they were able to win by piling up massive majorities in the two most populous provinces. The Tories won only one seat out of 75 in Quebec while winning 43 percent of the seats in the 4 atlantic provinces.

The voter turnout was 69.3%.

National results

Party		Party leader	# of candidates	Seats				Popular vote
				1979	Dissolution	Elected	% Change	#	%	Change
	Liberal	Pierre Trudeau	282	114	114	147	+28.9%	4,855,425	44.34%	+4.23pp
	Progressive Conservative	Joe Clark	282	136	136	103	-24.3%	3,552,994	32.45%	-3.44pp
	New Democratic Party	Ed Broadbent	280	26	27	32	+23.1%	2,165,087	19.77%	+1.89pp
	Social Credit	Fabien Roy	81	6	5	-	-100%	185,486	1.70%	-2.91pp
	Rhinoceros	Cornelius I	121	-	-	-		110,597	1.01%	+0.46pp
	Marxist–Leninist	Hardial Bains	177	-	-	-	-	14,728	0.13%	+0.01pp
	Libertarian		58	-	-	-	-	14,656	0.13%	-0.01pp
	Union populaire		54	-	-	-	-	14,474	0.13%	-0.04pp
	Independent		55	-	-	-	-	14,472	0.13%	-0.13pp
	Unknown		41	-	-	-	-	12,532	0.11%	-0.07pp
	Communist	William Kashtan	52	-	-	-	-	6,022	0.05%	-0.02pp
	No affiliation		14	-	-	-	-	3,063	0.03%	+0.03pp
Total			1,497	282	282	282	-	10,949,536	100%
Sources: Elections Canda,History of Federal Ridings since 1867

Notes:

"% change" refers to change from previous election.

Changes to party standings from previous election: Social Credit MP Richard Janelle crossed the floor to join the PC Party. PC MP John Diefenbaker died during the parliamentary session. A New Democrat was elected in the subsequent by-election.

↓
147	103	32
Liberal	Progressive Conservative	NDP

Vote and seat summaries

Popular vote Liberal   44.34% PC   32.45% NDP   19.77% Social Credit   1.70% Others   1.74%

Seat totals Liberal   52.13% PC   36.52% NDP   11.35%

Results by province

Party name			BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PE	NL	NT	YK	Total
	Liberal	Seats:	-	-	-	2	52	74	7	5	2	5	-	-	147
		Popular Vote:	22.2	22.2	24.3	28.0	41.9	68.2	50.1	39.9	46.8	47.0	35.8	39.6	44.3
	Progressive Conservative	Seats:	16	21	7	5	38	1	3	6	2	2	1	1	103
		Vote:	41.5	64.9	38.9	37.7	35.5	12.6	32.5	38.7	46.3	36.0	24.7	40.6	32.4
	New Democratic Party	Seats:	12	-	7	7	5	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	32
		Vote:	35.3	10.3	36.3	33.5	21.8	9.1	16.2	20.9	6.6	16.7	38.4	19.8	19.8
Total seats:			28	21	14	14	95	75	10	11	4	7	2	1	282
Parties that won no seats:
	Social Credit	Vote:	0.1	1.0	xx		xx	5.9							1.7
	Rhinoceros	Vote:	0.4	0.7	0.1	0.4	0.2	3.0	0.5	0.2			1.1		1.0
	Marxist–Leninist	Vote:	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	xx	xx	xx	0.1			0.1
	Libertarian	Vote:			xx		0.3	0.1	xx						0.1
	Union populaire	Vote:						0.5							0.1
	Independent	Vote:	0.3	0.3	0.1	xx	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.1			0.1
	Non-Affiliated	Vote:	xx	0.5	0.2	0.1	xx	0.2	0.3			0.1			0.1
	Communist	Vote:	0.1	0.1	xx	0.1	0.1	xx							0.1
	No affiliation	Vote:					xx	0.1	0.1						xx

xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote.

Notes

• Number of parties: 9
  • First appearance: none
  • Final appearance: Union populaire
  • Final appearance before hiatus: Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada (returned in 1993)

See also

• List of Canadian federal general elections
• List of political parties in Canada
• 33rd Canadian Parliament

Articles on parties' candidates in this election:

• Independent
• Liberal
• Libertarian
• New Democrats
• Progressive Conservative
• Rhinoceros

External links

• Riding map
• The Elections of 1979 and 1980, by Robert Bothwell