International League

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This article is about the Minor League Baseball league. For other uses, see International League (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Inter-National League.

International League
ClassificationTriple-A
SportBaseball
Founded1884
PresidentRandy Mobley
No. of teams14
CountryUnited States
Most recent
champion(s)		Columbus Clippers (2019)
Most titlesRochester Red Wings (19)
TV partner(s)MiLB.TV, MLB Network, and local sports networks
Official websitewww.ilbaseball.com

The International League (IL) is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the eastern United States and is headquartered in Dublin, Ohio. Like the Pacific Coast League and the Mexican League, it plays at the Triple-A level, which is one step below Major League Baseball.

It was so named because throughout its history the International League has had teams in Canada and Cuba as well as those in the United States. Since 2008, however, all of the league's teams have been based in the U.S. Today, the league is composed of 14 teams across 9 states stretching from Indianapolis, Indiana, to Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and from Rochester, New York, to Lawrenceville, Georgia.

A league champion is determined at the end of every season. The Rochester Red Wings have won 19 International League titles, the most in the league's history, followed by the Buffalo Bisons (12) and Columbus Clippers and Toronto Maple Leafs (11). Since the introduction of the Governors' Cup in 1933, the most cup titles have been won by the Columbus Clippers (11), followed by the Rochester Red Wings (10) and Syracuse Mets (8). After the season, the IL champion plays in the Triple-A National Championship Game against the Pacific Coast League champion to determine an overall champion of Triple-A baseball. The Columbus Clippers and Durham Bulls have each won two national championships, more than any other IL teams.

History

International League baseball executives in 1915

The International League was created from the mergers of member teams from three precursor leagues: the Eastern League, which was itself a re-organization of the Interstate Association of 1883; the New York State League, formed in 1885; and the Ontario League, also organized in 1885. The New York State and Ontario leagues merged in 1886 to form the International League, and in 1887 the Eastern League was absorbed to create a ten-club league. Also in 1887, the International League passed a resolution barring African Americans from playing in the league.[1]

The league collapsed soon afterwards, when the northern teams claimed that it was too onerous to travel to the south and formed the International Association. Teams and league names came and went over the years. The league was also affected by the effort to establish the Federal League as a new third major league from 1914 to 1915, with franchises being added and dropped and new ballparks built. In 1954, a franchise was awarded to Havana, Cuba, but due to political upheaval in that country it had to be moved — to Jersey City, New Jersey — in the middle of the 1960 season. Another foray into the Caribbean failed when the newly created team in San Juan, Puerto Rico, added in 1961, had to be moved to Charleston, West Virginia, in mid-season.

In 1971, an International League all-star team beat the New York Yankees in an exhibition game in Rochester, New York, before 11,000 people. In 1984, the all-stars lost to the Cleveland Indians in 11 innings before 11,032 fans in Columbus, Ohio, to commemorate the league's 100th anniversary.

The International League and the American Association, another Triple-A league that operated in the Midwest, voted in 1988 to play interleague games as part of the Triple-A Alliance.[2] The league also split into two divisions that year. The interleague concept ended in 1992, but the two league divisions remained.

In 1998, with the addition of three new teams from the disbanded American Association and the Durham Bulls who previously played in the Carolina League, the International League reorganized into three divisions.

The start of the 2020 season was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic before ultimately being cancelled on June 30.[3][4]

Structure and season

The International League is divided into three divisions: the North Division, South Division, and West Division. The North Division consists of six teams, while the South and West Divisions each have four teams.[5] Each club has 140 games scheduled per season..[6] The season typically begins during the first week of April and concludes on Labor Day.[7] The league plays by the same rules listed in the Official Baseball Rules published by Major League Baseball.[8]

Championship and interleague play

IL All-Stars at the 2015 Triple-A All-Star Game

At the end of each season, the three divisional leaders and a wild card team square off in best-of-five series playoffs to determine a league champion, with the winner awarded the Governors' Cup, the league's championship trophy. Under this format, the North Division champion plays the wild card team, while the champions of the South and West Divisions play one another in best-of-five series. The winners then play each other in a best-of-five series to determine the champion.[9]

Since 2006, the IL champion has played against the Pacific Coast League's champion in the Triple-A National Championship Game, a single game to determine an overall champion of Triple-A baseball. Previously, the IL champion also competed in the Triple-A World Series (1983, 1998–2000), Junior World Series (1919), and other sporadic postseason competitions throughout the league's history.

Other interleague play occurs during the Triple-A All-Star Game. Traditionally, the game has taken place on the day after the mid-summer Major League Baseball All-Star Game.[10] The game is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the season (though not the mathematical halfway-point which, for most seasons, is usually one month prior). During the All-Star break, no regular-season games are scheduled for two days before the All-Star Game itself.[11]

Current teams

Current team locations:
  North Division
  South Division
  West Division
Division Team Founded[a] MLB Affiliation Affiliated City Stadium Capacity[b]
North Buffalo Bisons 1985 Toronto Blue Jays 2013 Buffalo, New York Sahlen Field 16,600
Lehigh Valley IronPigs 2008 Philadelphia Phillies 2007 Allentown, Pennsylvania Coca-Cola Park 10,100
Pawtucket Red Sox 1973 Boston Red Sox 1970 Pawtucket, Rhode Island McCoy Stadium 10,031
Rochester Red Wings 1899 Minnesota Twins 2003 Rochester, New York Frontier Field 10,840
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders 1989 New York Yankees 2007 Moosic, Pennsylvania PNC Field 10,000
Syracuse Mets 1961 New York Mets 2019 Syracuse, New York NBT Bank Stadium 11,731
South Charlotte Knights 1993 Chicago White Sox 1999 Charlotte, North Carolina Truist Field 10,200
Durham Bulls 1998 Tampa Bay Rays 1998 Durham, North Carolina Durham Bulls Athletic Park 10,000
Gwinnett Stripers 2009 Atlanta Braves 1965 Lawrenceville, Georgia Coolray Field 10,427
Norfolk Tides 1969 Baltimore Orioles 2007 Norfolk, Virginia Harbor Park 11,856
West Columbus Clippers 1977 Cleveland Indians 2009 Columbus, Ohio Huntington Park 10,100
Indianapolis Indians 1902 Pittsburgh Pirates 2005 Indianapolis, Indiana Victory Field 14,230
Louisville Bats 1982 Cincinnati Reds 2000 Louisville, Kentucky Louisville Slugger Field 13,131
Toledo Mud Hens 1965 Detroit Tigers 1987 Toledo, Ohio Fifth Third Field 10,300
  1. ^ Indicates IL franchise's first year in current city. Some franchises have prior history in other cities or had local predecessor franchises at other levels that shared their name.
  2. ^ Many stadiums have lawn seating; thus, capacity is approximate.

Current team rosters

Main article: International League rosters

Defunct teams

Main article: List of defunct International League teams (1912–)

League timeline

Gwinnett StripersLehigh Valley IronPigsDurham BullsCharlotte KnightsScranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersMaine GuidesMemphis Blues (baseball)Winnipeg WhipsNorfolk TidesLouisville BatsLouisville Colonels (minor league baseball)Toledo Mud HensIndianapolis IndiansIndianapolis IndiansArkansas TravelersJacksonville SunsAtlanta CrackersCharleston CharliesMiami Marlins (International League)Columbus ClippersColumbus JetsHavana Sugar KingsOttawa LynxOttawa GiantsSpringfield CubsAlbany SenatorsAkron BuckeyesReading KeystonesHamilton Tigers (baseball)Syracuse MetsSyracuse Stars (minor league baseball)Binghamton BingoesRichmond BravesRichmond VirginiansRichmond VirginiansHarrisburg Senators (1893–1952)Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)Rochester Red WingsPawtucket Red SoxProvidence Grays (minor league)Newark Bears (International League)Newark IndiansMontreal RoyalsMontreal RoyalsJersey City JerseysJersey City GiantsJersey City SkeetersBuffalo BisonsBuffalo BisonsBaltimore Orioles (minor league)

Current team Former team

Champions

Main article: List of International League champions

The International League has crowned a league champion each season since 1884. Through 1932, the championship was awarded to the regular season pennant winner. In 1933, the league introduced a postseason playoff system to determine a champion. The winner is awarded the Governors' Cup.

Championship wins by team

"Governors' Cup" redirects here. For the basketball trophy, see PBA Governors' Cup.

A trophy made of metal and wood
The Governors' Cup, awarded to winners of the International League playoffs from 1933 to 2020

The International League (IL) is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the United States at the Triple-A level, which is one grade below Major League Baseball. A champion has been determined at the end of each season since the league was formed in 1884.

Through 1932, champions were usually the regular-season pennant winners—the team with the best win–loss record at the conclusion of the season. From 1933 to 2020, postseason playoffs were held to determine champions. Participants from 1933 to 1987 were usually the four teams with the highest winning percentages. From 1988 to 2020, the four qualifiers were the division winners and one or two wild card teams. The winner of each season's playoffs was awarded the Governors' Cup. These playoffs and the issuing of trophy were discontinued in 2021, when the winner was the team with the best regular-season record. In 2022, the league championship was determined by a single playoff game between the East and West division winners. Beginning with the 2023 season, the league adopted a split season format, in which the league championship is determined by a best-of-three playoff series between the winners of each half of the season, with the winner meeting the champion of the Pacific Coast League in the Triple-A National Championship Game.[12]

The Rochester Red Wings have won 19 International League championships, more than any other team, followed by the Columbus Clippers (11) and the Baltimore Orioles, original Buffalo Bisons, and Toronto Maple Leafs (10). Among active IL franchises, Rochester has won 19 championships, the most of all teams, followed by Columbus (11) and the Durham Bulls and Syracuse Mets (8). During the era of the Governors' Cup playoffs from 1933 to 2020, the most cup titles were won by Columbus (11), followed by Rochester (10) and Syracuse (8).

History

Pre-playoff era (1884–1932)

Seventeen men and two boys wearing dark suits
The Rochester Red Wings, known as the Hustlers in 1909, won nine championships during the pre-playoff era (1884–1932), more than any other team.

The International League was founded in 1884.[13] The modern circuit traces its roots from several predecessor leagues: the Eastern League (1884), New York State League (1885), International League (1886–1887), International Association (1888–1890), Eastern Association (1891), and Eastern League (1892–1911).[14] It adopted consistent use of the International League name in 1912.[14] After the cancellation of the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[4] the league was known as the Triple-A East in 2021 before reverting to the International League moniker in 2022.[15][16]

A league champion has been determined at the end of each season. With few exceptions, champions from 1884 to 1932 were simply the regular-season pennant winners—the team with the best win–loss record at the conclusion of the regular championship season. The first league champions were the Trenton Trentonians, who won by four games over the Lancaster Ironsides in 1884.[17] The 1891 and 1892 seasons were contested as split seasons or "double seasons". Under this format, the schedule was split into two parts. The team with the best record at the end of the first season won the first pennant. Standings were then reset so that all clubs had clean records to begin the second season. If the same team won both seasons, they were declared the league champion.[18] This was the case in 1891 when the original Buffalo Bisons won both halves.[19] If a different team won the second season, the two winners would meet in a playoff series to determine the champion.[18] This happened in 1892 when the Binghamton Bingoes, winners of the second season, defeated the Providence Clamdiggers, winners of the first season, four games to two.[20] In 1932, the Newark Bears became the last team to win the championship by virtue of winning the regular-season pennant before a recurring series of playoffs were instituted.[21]

Governors' Cup era (1933–2020)

A man in a dark suit
Frank Shaughnessy devised a playoff system that was used for the Governor's Cup playoffs to determine a league champion.

Frank Shaughnessy, general manager of the International League's Montreal Royals, was interested in developing a way for multiple clubs to share in the excitement of postseason play. His new playoff format, devised to maintain the interest of fans and players alike during the Great Depression, provided an opportunity for four teams to compete for the league's championship. In 1933, he introduced his plan to league president Charles H. Knappe, and the result was the Governors' Cup playoffs. Several other leagues noticed the success of the "Shaughnessy Plan" and began using the system as well.[22]

The governors of Maryland, New Jersey, and New York and the lieutenant governors of the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, in which the league's eight teams were located at the time, sponsored a trophy to be awarded annually to the winner of the International League playoffs. The original trophy, designed by the supervisor of the league's umpires and silversmith W. B. Carpenter, was created out of solid silver.[22] In 1988, IL president Harold Cooper donated the trophy to the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, where it is on permanent display. A new trophy was minted in its place to be presented to the winner of the Governors' Cup playoffs.[22]

Under this system, the top four teams in the league, based on winning percentage, competed for the championship. From 1933 to 1987, the first round typically consisted of a best-of-seven-games series between the first and fourth-place teams and a series between the second and third-place teams. The winners of these semifinals then faced one another for the championship in a best-of-seven series. The first Governors' Cup was won in 1933 by the original Buffalo Bisons, who defeated the Rochester Red Wings, 4–2.[23] Sporadically from 1966 to 1980, one or both rounds were reduced to best-of-five series. From 1981 to 2020, both rounds were the best-of-five.

The IL utilized a divisional alignment for the first time in 1963. The first-place teams from each division, North and South, met in the first round, as did the second-place teams, with the winners meeting in the finals.[24] The circuit reverted to having no divisions in 1964 but returned to the same playoff format with North and South Divisions for 1973 and 1974.[25][26]

From 1988 to 1991, the International League held an interleague partnership with the American Association, called the Triple-A Alliance, in which they played an interlocking schedule, and the leagues' champions met in the Triple-A Classic.[2] During this period, the IL was divided into East and West Divisions, and the division winners faced off in a best-of-five series to determine champions. After the dissolution of the Triple-A Alliance following the 1991 season, the International League maintained this divisional alignment but returned to having a semifinal round wherein the top two teams in each division played each other to qualify for the Governors' Cup finals.[2][27]

The league was split into three divisions, North, South, and West, from 1998 to 2020. Under this arrangement, the three division winners and a wild card team, the team with the best second-place record, qualified for the playoffs. The best-of-five semifinals pitted the North Division winner against the wild card team, and the South and West Division winners against each other. The winners then played in a best-of-five round to determine the champion.[28] The last team to win the championship this way was the Columbus Clippers, who won the last Governors' Cup in 2019.[29] The 2020 season was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]

Current era (2021–present)

The International League ceased operations before the 2021 season in conjunction with Major League Baseball's (MLB) reorganization of Minor League Baseball.[15] In place of the International League, MLB created the Triple-A East, a circuit divided into three divisions, Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast.[30] Prior to the 2022 season, MLB renamed the Triple-A East the International League, and it carried on the history of the IL prior to reorganization.[16] Rather than hold playoffs for its championship, the Triple-A East's 2021 title was awarded to the team with the best regular-season record.[31] The Durham Bulls won this championship by four-and-a-half games ahead of the Buffalo Bisons.[32][33]

Along with these changes, all references to the Governors' Cup as the championship of the International League were discontinued and a different trophy was awarded.[34][35][36] In 2022, the league was reorganized in East and West Divisions.[37] Under this alignment, the winners of each division met in a single game to determine the league champion.[38]

Beginning in 2023, the regular-season was split into two halves, and the winners of each half meet in a best-of-three series for the league championship.[39][40]

Champions

Pre-playoff champions (1884–1932)

Key
Record Regular-season win–loss record
GA Games ahead of the second-place team
Champions
Year Champion Record GA Runner-up Ref.
1884 Trenton Trentonians 46–39 4 Lancaster Ironsides [17]
1885 Syracuse Stars 52–37 3+1⁄2 Utica Pent-Ups [41]
1886 Utica Pent-Ups 62–34 5+1⁄2 Rochester Maroons [42]
1887 Toronto Canucks 65–36 3 Buffalo Bisons [43]
1888 Syracuse Stars 81–30 5+1⁄2 Toronto Canucks [44]
1889 Detroit Wolverines 72–39 6+1⁄2 Syracuse Stars [45]
1890 Detroit Wolverines[a] 31–19 1 Toronto Canucks [47]
1891 Buffalo Bisons —[b] — — [19]
1892 Binghamton Bingoes —[c] — Providence Clamdiggers [20]
1893 Erie Blackbirds 63–41 1 Springfield Ponies [48]
1894 Providence Grays 78–34 18 Erie Blackbirds [49]
1895 Springfield Maroons 79–36 6+1⁄2 Providence Grays [50]
1896 Providence Grays 71–47 3+1⁄2 Buffalo Bisons [51]
1897 Syracuse Stars 83–50 3+1⁄2 Toronto Maple Leafs [52]
1898 Montreal Royals 68–48 3 Wilkes-Barre Coal Barons [53]
1899 Rochester Bronchos 72–43 9 Montreal Royals [54]
1900 Providence Clamdiggers 84–52 5+1⁄2 Rochester Bronchos [55]
1901 Rochester Bronchos 89–49 9 Toronto Maple Leafs [56]
1902 Toronto Maple Leafs 85–42 —[d] Buffalo Bisons [57]
1903 Jersey City Skeeters 92–33 11+1⁄2 Buffalo Bisons [58]
1904 Buffalo Bisons 88–46 8 Baltimore Orioles [59]
1905 Providence Clamdiggers 83–47 1⁄2 Baltimore Orioles [60]
1906 Buffalo Bisons 85–55 3+1⁄2 Jersey City Skeeters [61]
1907 Toronto Maple Leafs 83–51 9 Buffalo Bisons [62]
1908 Baltimore Orioles 83–57 2 Providence Grays [63]
1909 Rochester Hustlers 90–61 5 Newark Indians [64]
1910 Rochester Bronchos 92–61 4+1⁄2 Newark Indians [65]
1911 Rochester Hustlers 98–54 3+1⁄2 Baltimore Orioles [66]
1912 Toronto Maple Leafs 91–62 5 Rochester Hustlers [67]
1913 Newark Indians 95–57 4 Rochester Hustlers [68]
1914 Providence Grays 95–59 5+1⁄2 Buffalo Bisons [69]
1915 Buffalo Bisons 86–50 2 Providence Grays [70]
1916 Buffalo Bisons 82–58 5 Providence Grays [71]
1917 Toronto Maple Leafs 93–61 1+1⁄2 Providence Grays [72]
1918 Toronto Maple Leafs 88–39 1 Binghamton Bingoes [73]
1919 Baltimore Orioles 100–49 8 Toronto Maple Leafs [74]
1920 Baltimore Orioles 110–43 2+1⁄2 Toronto Maple Leafs [75]
1921 Baltimore Orioles 119–47 20 Rochester Colts [76]
1922 Baltimore Orioles 115–52 10 Rochester Tribe [77]
1923 Baltimore Orioles 111–53 11 Rochester Tribe [78]
1924 Baltimore Orioles 117–48 19 Toronto Maple Leafs [79]
1925 Baltimore Orioles 105–61 4 Toronto Maple Leafs [80]
1926 Toronto Maple Leafs 109–57 8 Baltimore Orioles [81]
1927 Buffalo Bisons 112–56 10 Syracuse Stars [82]
1928 Rochester Red Wings 90–74 —[e] Buffalo Bisons [83]
1929 Rochester Red Wings 103–65 11 Toronto Maple Leafs [84]
1930 Rochester Red Wings 105–62 8 Baltimore Orioles [85]
1931 Rochester Red Wings 101–67 2 Newark Bears [86]
1932 Newark Bears 109–59 15+1⁄2 Baltimore Orioles [21]

Governors' Cup champions (1933–2020)

Key
Score Score of the Governors' Cup championship series
P Regular-season pennant winner (1933–1962, 1964–1972, 1975–1987)
N North Division winner (1963, 1973–1974, 1998–2020)
S South Division winner (1963, 1973–1974, 1998–2020)
E East Division winner (1988–1997)
W West Division winner (1988–2020)
Champions
Year Champion Score Runner-up Other playoff teams Ref.
1933 Buffalo Bisons 4–2 Rochester Red Wings Baltimore Orioles & Newark BearsP [23]
1934 Toronto Maple Leafs 4–1 Rochester Red Wings Albany Senators & Newark BearsP [87]
1935 Syracuse Chiefs 4–3 Montreal RoyalsP Buffalo Bisons & Newark Bears [88]
1936 Buffalo BisonsP 4–2 Baltimore Orioles Newark Bears & Rochester Red Wings [89]
1937 Newark BearsP 4–0 Baltimore Orioles Montreal Royals & Syracuse Chiefs [90]
1938 Newark BearsP 4–1 Buffalo Bisons Rochester Red Wings & Syracuse Chiefs [91]
1939 Rochester Red Wings 4–3 Newark Bears Buffalo Bisons & Jersey City GiantsP [92]
1940 Newark Bears 4–3 Baltimore Orioles Jersey City Giants & Rochester Red WingsP [93]
1941 Montreal Royals 4–3 Newark BearsP Buffalo Bisons & Rochester Red Wings [94]
1942 Syracuse Chiefs 4–0 Jersey City Giants Montreal Royals & Newark BearsP [95]
1943 Syracuse Chiefs 4–2 Toronto Maple LeafsP Montreal Royals & Newark Bears [96]
1944 Baltimore OriolesP 4–3 Newark Bears Buffalo Bisons & Toronto Maple Leafs [97]
1945 Newark Bears 4–3 Montreal RoyalsP Baltimore Orioles & Toronto Maple Leafs [98]
1946 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1 Syracuse Chiefs Baltimore Orioles & Newark Bears [99]
1947 Syracuse Chiefs 4–3 Buffalo Bisons Jersey City GiantsP & Montreal Royals [100]
1948 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1 Syracuse Chiefs Newark Bears & Rochester Red Wings [101]
1949 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1 Buffalo Bisons Jersey City Giants & Rochester Red Wings [102]
1950 Baltimore Orioles 4–2 Rochester Red WingsP Jersey City Giants & Montreal Royals [103]
1951 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1 Syracuse Chiefs Buffalo Bisons & Rochester Red Wings [104]
1952 Rochester Red Wings 4–2 Montreal RoyalsP Syracuse Chiefs & Toronto Maple Leafs [105]
1953 Montreal Royals 4–0 Rochester Red WingsP Baltimore Orioles & Buffalo Bisons [106]
1954 Syracuse Chiefs 4–3 Montreal Royals Rochester Red Wings & Toronto Maple LeafsP [107]
1955 Rochester Red Wings 4–0 Toronto Maple Leafs Havana Sugar Kings & Montreal RoyalsP [108]
1956 Rochester Red Wings 4–3 Toronto Maple LeafsP Miami Marlins & Montreal Royals [109]
1957 Buffalo Bisons 4–1 Miami Marlins Richmond Virginians & Toronto Maple LeafsP [110]
1958 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1 Toronto Maple Leafs Columbus Jets & Rochester Red Wings [111]
1959 Havana Sugar Kings 4–2 Richmond Virginians Buffalo BisonsP & Columbus Jets [112]
1960 Toronto Maple LeafsP 4–1 Rochester Red Wings Buffalo Bisons & Richmond Virginians [113]
1961 Buffalo Bisons 4–1 Rochester Red Wings Charleston Marlins & Columbus JetsP [114]
1962 Atlanta Crackers 4–3 Jacksonville SunsP Rochester Red Wings & Toronto Maple Leafs [115]
1963 Indianapolis IndiansS 4–2 Atlanta Crackers Syracuse ChiefsN & Toronto Maple Leafs [24]
1964 Rochester Red Wings 4–2 Syracuse Chiefs Buffalo Bisons & Jacksonville SunsP [116]
1965 Toronto Maple Leafs 4–1 Columbus JetsP Atlanta Crackers & Syracuse Chiefs [117]
1966 Toronto Maple Leafs 4–1 Richmond Braves Columbus Jets & Rochester Red WingsP [118]
1967 Toledo Mud Hens 4–1 Columbus Jets Richmond BravesP & Rochester Red Wings [119]
1968 Jacksonville Suns 4–0 Columbus Jets Rochester Red Wings & Toledo Mud HensP [120]
1969 Syracuse Chiefs 4–1 Columbus Jets Louisville Colonels & Tidewater TidesP [121]
1970 Syracuse ChiefsP 3–1 Columbus Jets Rochester Red Wings & Tidewater Tides [122]
1971 Rochester Red WingsP 3–2 Tidewater Tides Charleston Charlies & Syracuse Chiefs [123]
1972 Tidewater Tides 3–2 Louisville ColonelsP Charleston Charlies & Rochester Red Wings [124]
1973 Pawtucket Red Sox 3–2 Charleston CharliesS Rochester Red WingsN & Tidewater Tides [25]
1974 Rochester Red WingsN 4–3 Syracuse Chiefs Memphis BluesS & Richmond Braves [26]
1975 Tidewater TidesP 3–1 Syracuse Chiefs Charleston Charlies & Rochester Red Wings [125]
1976 Syracuse Chiefs 3–1 Richmond Braves Memphis Blues & Rochester Red WingsP [126]
1977 Charleston Charlies 4–0 Pawtucket Red SoxP Richmond Braves & Tidewater Tides [127]
1978 Richmond Braves 4–3 Pawtucket Red Sox Charleston CharliesP & Toledo Mud Hens [128]
1979 Columbus ClippersP 4–3 Syracuse Chiefs Richmond Braves & Tidewater Tides [129]
1980 Columbus ClippersP 4–1 Toledo Mud Hens Richmond Braves & Rochester Red Wings [130]
1981 Columbus ClippersP 2–1[f] Richmond Braves Rochester Red Wings & Tidewater Tides [132]
1982 Tidewater Tides 3–0 Rochester Red Wings Columbus Clippers & Richmond BravesP [133]
1983 Tidewater Tides 3–1 Richmond Braves Charleston Charlies & Columbus ClippersP [134]
1984 Pawtucket Red Sox 3–2 Maine Guides Columbus ClippersP & Toledo Mud Hens [135]
1985 Tidewater Tides 3–1 Columbus Clippers Maine Guides & Syracuse ChiefsP [136]
1986 Richmond BravesP 3–2 Rochester Red Wings Pawtucket Red Sox & Tidewater Tides [137]
1987 Columbus Clippers 3–0 Tidewater TidesP Pawtucket Red Sox & Rochester Red Wings [138]
1988 Rochester Red WingsW 3–1 Tidewater TidesE — [139]
1989 Richmond BravesW 3–1 Syracuse ChiefsE — [140]
1990 Rochester Red WingsE 3–2 Columbus ClippersW — [141]
1991 Columbus ClippersW 3–0 Pawtucket Red SoxE — [142]
1992 Columbus ClippersW 3–2 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsE Pawtucket Red Sox & Richmond Braves [27]
1993 Charlotte KnightsW 3–2 Rochester Red WingsE Ottawa Lynx & Richmond Braves [143]
1994 Richmond BravesW 3–0 Syracuse Chiefs Charlotte Knights & Pawtucket Red SoxE [144]
1995 Ottawa Lynx 3–1 Norfolk TidesW Richmond Braves & Rochester Red WingsE [145]
1996 Columbus ClippersW 3–0 Rochester Red Wings Norfolk Tides & Pawtucket Red SoxE [146]
1997 Rochester Red WingsE 3–2 Columbus ClippersW Charlotte Knights & Pawtucket Red Sox [147]
1998 Buffalo BisonsN 3–2 Durham BullsS Louisville RedbirdsW & Syracuse SkyChiefs [28]
1999 Charlotte Knights 3–1 Durham BullsS Columbus ClippersW & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsN [148]
2000 Indianapolis IndiansW 3–2 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons Buffalo BisonsN & Durham BullsS [149]
2001 Louisville RiverBatsW 1–0[g] Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons Buffalo BisonsN & Norfolk TidesS [151]
2002 Durham BullsS 3–0 Buffalo Bisons Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsN & Toledo Mud HensW [152]
2003 Durham BullsS 3–0 Pawtucket Red SoxN Louisville BatsW & Ottawa Lynx [153]
2004 Buffalo BisonsN 3–1 Richmond BravesS Columbus ClippersW & Durham Bulls [154]
2005 Toledo Mud HensW 3–0 Indianapolis Indians Buffalo BisonsN & Norfolk TidesS [155]
2006 Toledo Mud HensW 3–2 Rochester Red Wings Charlotte KnightsS & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsN [156]
2007 Richmond Braves 3–2 Durham BullsS Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN & Toledo Mud HensW [157]
2008 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN 3–1 Durham BullsS Louisville BatsW & Pawtucket Red Sox [158]
2009 Durham BullsS 3–0 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN Gwinnett Braves & Louisville BatsN [159]
2010 Columbus Clippers 3–1 Durham BullsS Louisville BatsW & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN [160]
2011 Columbus ClippersW 3–1 Lehigh Valley IronPigs Durham BullsS & Pawtucket Red SoxN [161]
2012 Pawtucket Red Sox 3–0 Charlotte KnightsS Indianapolis IndiansW & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN [162]
2013 Durham BullsS 3–1 Pawtucket Red SoxN Indianapolis IndiansW & Rochester Red Wings [163]
2014 Pawtucket Red Sox 3–2 Durham BullsS Columbus ClippersW & Syracuse ChiefsN [164]
2015 Columbus ClippersW 3–2 Indianapolis Indians Norfolk TidesS & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersN [165]
2016 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersN 3–1 Gwinnett BravesS Columbus ClippersW & Lehigh Valley IronPigs [166]
2017 Durham BullsS 3–1 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersN Indianapolis IndiansW & Lehigh Valley IronPigs [167]
2018 Durham BullsS 3–2 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders Lehigh Valley IronPigsN & Toledo Mud HensW [168]
2019 Columbus ClippersW 3–0 Durham Bulls Gwinnett StripersS & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersN [29]
2020 None (season canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic) [4]

2021–present

Key
Score Score of the championship series
Champions
Year Champion Score Runner-up Ref.
2021 Durham Bulls —[h] Buffalo Bisons [33]
2022 Durham Bulls 1–0 Nashville Sounds [169]
2023 Norfolk Tides 2–1 Durham Bulls [170]

Wins by team

Active International League teams appear in bold.

Team Wins Year(s)
Rochester Red Wings (Rochester Bronchos/Hustlers) 19 1899, 1901, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1939, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1964, 1971, 1974, 1988, 1990, 1997
Columbus Clippers 11 1979, 1980, 1981, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1996, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2019
Baltimore Orioles 10 1908, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1944, 1950
Buffalo Bisons (1886–1970) 1891, 1904, 1906, 1915, 1916, 1927, 1933, 1936, 1957, 1961
Toronto Maple Leafs 1902, 1907, 1912, 1917, 1918, 1926, 1934, 1960, 1965, 1966
Durham Bulls 8 2002, 2003, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022
Montreal Royals 1898, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1958
Syracuse Mets (Syracuse Chiefs) 1935, 1942, 1943, 1947, 1954, 1969, 1970, 1976
Norfolk Tides (Tidewater Tides) 6 1972, 1975, 1982, 1983, 1985, 2023
Newark Bears 5 1932, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1945
Providence Grays (Providence Clamdiggers) 1894, 1896, 1900, 1905, 1914
Richmond Braves 1978, 1986, 1989, 1994, 2007
Pawtucket Red Sox 4 1973, 1984, 2012, 2014
Syracuse Stars 3 1885, 1888, 1897
Toledo Mud Hens 1967, 2005, 2006
Buffalo Bisons (1979–present) 2 1998, 2004
Charlotte Knights 1993, 1999
Detroit Wolverines 1889, 1890
Indianapolis Indians 1963, 2000
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees) 2008, 2016
Atlanta Crackers 1 1962
Binghamton Bingoes 1892
Charleston Charlies 1977
Erie Blackbirds 1893
Havana Sugar Kings 1959
Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp (Jacksonville Suns) 1968
Jersey City Skeeters 1903
Louisville Bats (Louisville RiverBats) 2001
Newark Indians 1913
Ottawa Lynx 1995
Springfield Maroons 1895
Toronto Canucks 1887
Trenton Trentonians 1884
Utica Pent-Ups 1886

Governors' Cup wins by team

Team Governors'
Cup wins 		Year(s)
Columbus Clippers 11 1979, 1980, 1981, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1996, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2019
Rochester Red Wings 10 1939, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1964, 1971, 1974, 1988, 1990, 1997
Syracuse Mets (Syracuse Chiefs) 8 1935, 1942, 1943, 1947, 1954, 1969, 1970, 1976
Montreal Royals 7 1941, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1958
Durham Bulls 6 2002, 2003, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2018
Norfolk Tides (Tidewater Tides) 5 1972, 1975, 1982, 1983, 1985
Richmond Braves 1978, 1986, 1989, 1994, 2007
Buffalo Bisons (1886–1970) 4 1933, 1936, 1957, 1961
Newark Bears 1937, 1938, 1940, 1945
Pawtucket Red Sox 1973, 1984, 2012, 2014
Toronto Maple Leafs 1934, 1960, 1965, 1966
Toledo Mud Hens 3 1967, 2005, 2006
Baltimore Orioles 2 1944, 1950
Buffalo Bisons (1979–present) 1998, 2004
Charlotte Knights 1993, 1999
Indianapolis Indians 1963, 2000
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees) 2008, 2016
Atlanta Crackers 1 1962
Charleston Charlies 1977
Havana Sugar Kings 1959
Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp (Jacksonville Suns) 1968
Louisville Bats (Louisville RiverBats) 2001
Ottawa Lynx 1995

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The league disbanded on July 9.[46] Of the teams remaining in the league at the time, Detroit was in first place, making them the de facto champions.
  2. ^ The 1891 season was contested as a double season. Buffalo won the championship by virtue of having won both halves.
  3. ^ The 1892 season was contested as a double season. Providence won the first half, and Binghamton won the second. In the championship series, Binghamton defeated Providence, 4–2.
  4. ^ Toronto won the championship with a winning percentage of .669 (85–42) versus Buffalo's .662 (88–45).
  5. ^ Rochester won the championship with a winning percentage of .549 (90–74) versus Buffalo's .548 (92–76).
  6. ^ Columbus, with a 2–1 series lead, was declared the champion after the playoffs were canceled due to rain and unplayable field conditions.[131]
  7. ^ Louisville, with a 1–0 series lead, was declared the champion after the playoffs were canceled in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks.[150]
  8. ^ No playoffs were held. Durham won the championship by virtue of having the league's best regular-season record (77–43). They finished 4+1⁄2 games ahead of Buffalo.[32]

References

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  68. ^ "1913 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
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General

Awards

Baseball Hall of Famer Red Schoendienst won the IL Most Valuable Player Award in 1943.[1]

The IL recognizes outstanding players and team personnel annually near the end of each season.

MVP Award

Main article: International League Most Valuable Player Award

The Most Valuable Player Award, first awarded in 1932, is given to honor the best player in the league.[1]

Most Valuable Pitcher Award

Main article: International League Most Valuable Pitcher Award

The Most Valuable Pitcher Award, first awarded in 1953, serves to recognize the league's best pitcher. Pitchers were eligible to win the MVP award from 1932 to 1952 as no award was designated solely for pitchers.[1]

Rookie of the Year Award

Main article: International League Rookie of the Year Award

The Rookie of the Year Award, created in 1950, is given to the best player with no prior IL experience.[1]

Manager of the Year Award

Main article: International League Manager of the Year Award

The Manager of the Year Award, started in 1967, is given to the league's top manager.[1]

Executive of the Year Award

The Executive of the Year Award, first awarded in 1964, honors team executives who have contributed to the success of the league.[1]

Spirit of the International League Award

The Spirit of the International League Award, first awarded in 2010, honors team executives who have exhibited dedication to creating and maintaining positive fan experiences when visiting IL games.[1][2]

Hall of fame

Main article: International League Hall of Fame

The International League Hall of Fame was established in 1947 to honor league players, managers, and executives who have made significant contributions to the league. The Hall of Fame inducted its first class of 9 men in 1947. A plaque was unveiled at the IL's New York City offices located in the Ruppert Building at 535 Fifth Avenue. Today, the plaque has no permanent home, but exists as a traveling display which visits a number of the league's ballparks each season. The Hall became dormant after 1963, but was revived in 2007. New members are elected before the start of each season.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "International League Award Winners". International League. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  2. ^ "IL honors Syracuse's Don Waful". International League. March 30, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  3. ^ "International League Hall of Fame". International League. Minor League Baseball. Retrieved February 29, 2016.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to International League.
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