Primates in the Anglican Communion
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Primates in the Anglican Communion are the most senior bishop or archbishop of one of the 40 churches of the Anglican Communion.[1] The Church of England, however, has two primates, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York.
Variations
Some of these churches are stand-alone ecclesiastical provinces (such as the Church of the Province of West Africa), while others are national churches comprising several ecclesiastical provinces (such as the Church of England). Since 1978, the Anglican primates have met annually for an Anglican Communion Primates' Meeting at the invitation of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who is regarded as the symbolic leader (though primus-inter-pares) of the Anglican primates. While the gathering has no legal jurisdiction, it acts as one of the informal instruments of unity among the autonomous provinces of the communion.
In stand-alone ecclesiastical provinces, the primate is the metropolitan archbishop of the province. In national churches composed of several ecclesiastical provinces, the primate will be senior to the metropolitan archbishops of the various provinces, and may also be a metropolitan archbishop. In those churches which do not have a tradition of archiepiscopacy, the primate is a bishop styled "primus" (in the case of the Scottish Episcopal Church), "presiding bishop", "president bishop", "prime bishop" or simply "primate". In the case of the Episcopal Church in the United States, which is composed of several ecclesiastical provinces, there is a presiding bishop who is its primate, but the individual provinces are not led by metropolitans.
Anglican primates may be attached to a fixed see (e.g., the Archbishop of Canterbury is invariably the Primate of All England), who may be chosen from among sitting metropolitans or diocesan bishops and retain the see (as with, for example, the Primate of the Anglican Church of Australia), or who may have no see (as in the Anglican Church of Canada). Primates are generally chosen by election (either by a synod consisting of laity, clergy and bishops, or by a House of Bishops). In some instances, the primacy is awarded on the basis of seniority among the episcopal college. In the Church of England, the primate, like all bishops, is appointed by the British sovereign, in the capacity of Supreme Governor of the established church, on the advice of the Crown Appointments Commission.
The United Churches of South India, of North India, of Pakistan and of Bangladesh have neither metropolitan (arch)bishops nor national primates. Instead, each has a Moderator of the Synod (and a Vice-Moderator), elected from among the bishops for a fixed term, who is ranked among the Anglican primates.[2]
Dual primates
In the Church of England and the Church of Ireland, the metropolitan of the second province has since medieval times also been accorded the title of primate. In England, the Archbishop of Canterbury is known as the "Primate of All England" [3] while the Archbishop of York as "Primate of England"[4] (see also Primacy of Canterbury). In Ireland both the Anglican and Roman Catholic Archbishops of Armagh are titled "Primate of All Ireland";[5][6] while both the Anglican and Roman Catholic Archbishops of Dublin are titled "Primate of Ireland".[6] As both of these positions pre-date the 1921 partition, they relate to the whole of Ireland. The junior primates of these churches do not normally participate in the Primates' Meeting.
List of current primates
Key | |||
---|---|---|---|
Active primate | Male primate | ||
Inactive primate | Female primate | ||
Position vacant or acting primate |
This is a list of the 40 current primates (including four moderators of united churches) in the worldwide Anglican Communion. The list is given according to the Anglican order of precedence, with the Archbishop of Canterbury as primus inter pares first and the others in order of seniority by their installation to their primacy.
# | Province | Primate | Person | Date of birth & age | Consecration[i] | Took office[ii] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Church of England | The Archbishop of Canterbury & Primate of All England |
Justin Welby | 6 January 1956 | 28 October 2011 | 4 February 2013 |
2 | Anglican Church of South America | The Presiding Bishop of South America & Bishop of Argentina |
Gregory Venables | 6 December 1949 | November 1993 | 2001–2010 10 November 2016 – present |
3 | Anglican Church in Japan | The Primate of Japan & Bishop of Hokkaido |
Nathaniel Makoto Uematsu | 1952 (age 71–72) | 1997 | 23 May 2006 |
4 | Hong Kong Anglican Church (Episcopal) | The Archbishop of Hong Kong & Bishop of Hong Kong Island |
Paul Kwong | 1950 (age 73–74) | 25 March 2006 | 26 September 2007 |
5 | Anglican Church of Southern Africa | The Archbishop of Cape Town & Primate of Southern Africa |
Thabo Makgoba | 15 December 1960 | 25 May 2002 | 31 December 2007 |
6 | Church of the Province of Myanmar (Burma) | The Archbishop of Myanmar & Bishop of Yangon |
Stephen Than Myint Oo | 1958 (age 65–66) | 2005 | 17 February 2008 |
7 | Anglican Church of Chile | The Primate of Chile, Presiding Bishop of the Anglican Church of Chile & Bishop of Santiago |
Tito Zavala | 16 October 1954 | 1998 | 2010–2016 (South America) 4 November 2018 – present (Chile) |
8 | Church of the Province of Central Africa | The Archbishop of Central Africa & Bishop of Northern Zambia |
Albert Chama | unknown | 2003 | 20 March 2011 |
10 [iii] | Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia |
The Senior Bishop of the New Zealand Dioceses, Primate of New Zealand & Bishop of Taranaki |
Philip Richardson | 1958 (age 65–66) | 1999 | 1 May 2013 |
11 | Anglican Church of Mexico | The Archbishop of Mexico & Bishop of Northern Mexico |
Francisco Moreno | 13 August 1950 | 5 March 2010 | 16 June 2013 |
12 | The Episcopal Church in the USA | The Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church | Michael Curry | 13 March 1953 | 17 June 2000 | 1 November 2015 |
13 | Church of the Province of South East Asia | The Archbishop of South East Asia & Bishop of West Malaysia |
Ng Moon Hing | 12 November 1955 | 5 May 2007 | 22 February 2016 |
14 | Church of the Province of Melanesia | The Archbishop of Melanesia & Bishop of Central Melanesia |
George Takeli | 1959 (age 64–65) | August 2009 | 17 April 2016 |
15 | Anglican Church of Kenya | The Primate and Archbishop of All Kenya & Bishop of All Saints' Cathedral |
Jackson Ole Sapit | 12 June 1964 | 2005 | 3 July 2016 |
16 | Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi | The Archbishop of Burundi & Bishop of Makamba |
Martin Nyaboho | 1955 (age 68–69) | 1997 | 21 August 2016 |
17 | Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo | The Archbishop of the Congo & Bishop of Kindu |
Masimango Katanda | unknown | 1996 | 11 September 2016 |
18 | Episcopal Church in the Philippines | The Prime Bishop of the Philippines | Joel Pachao | 29 July 1956 | 25 May 1992 | 16 May 2017 |
[iv] | Church of Pakistan | The Moderator of the Church of Pakistan & Bishop in Peshawar |
Humphrey Peters | unknown | 2011 | 20 May 2017 |
19 | Scottish Episcopal Church | The Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church & Bishop of Moray, Ross and Caithness |
Mark Strange | 2 November 1961 | 23 October 2007 | 27 June 2017 |
20 | Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan | The Archbishop of Khartoum & Primate of Sudan |
Ezekiel Kondo | 1957 (age 66–67) | 2003 | 30 July 2017 |
21 | Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean | The Archbishop of the Indian Ocean & Bishop of Seychelles |
James Wong | 1960 (age 63–64) | 19 April 2009 | 27 August 2017 |
22 | Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea | The Archbishop of Papua New Guinea | Allan Migi | 1960 (age 63–64) | 2000 | 3 September 2017 |
[iv] | Church of North India | The Moderator of the Church of North India & Bishop in Jabalpur |
Prem Chand Singh | 12 December 1962 | 2004 | October 2017 |
23 | Church in Wales | The Archbishop of Wales & Bishop of Swansea and Brecon |
John Davies | 6 February 1953 | 2 May 2008 | 2 December 2017 |
[iii] | Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia |
Te Pīhopa o Aotearoa, Primate of New Zealand & Te Pīhopa o Te Tairāwhiti |
Don Tamihere | 1972 (age 51–52) | 11 March 2017 | 8 April 2018 |
24 | Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan | The Archbishop of Juba & Primate of South Sudan |
Justin Badi Arama | 1964 (age 59–60) | 2001 | 22 April 2018 |
25 | Anglican Church of Tanzania | The Archbishop of Tanzania & Bishop of Tanga |
Maimbo Mndolwa | 1968 (age 55–56) | 4 September 2012 | 20 May 2018 |
26 | Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil | The Primate of Brazil & Bishop of Curitiba |
Naudal Alves Gomes | 2000 | 3 June 2018 | |
27 | Church of the Province of Rwanda | The Archbishop of Rwanda & Bishop of Shyira |
Laurent Mbanda | 1954 (age 69–70) | May 2010 | 10 June 2018 |
28 | Anglican Church of Korea | The Presiding Bishop of the Anglican Church of Korea & Bishop of Daejeon |
Moses Nag Jun Yoo | unknown | 10 August 2018 | |
29 | Anglican Church in Central America | The Primate of Central America & Bishop of Panama |
Julio Murray | 1958 (age 65–66) | 19 August 2000[7] | August 2018[8] |
[iv] | Church of Bangladesh | The Moderator of the Church of Bangladesh & Bishop in Kustia |
Samuel Mankhin | unknown | 8 November 2009 | 5 December 2018 |
30 | Church of the Province of West Africa | The Primate of West Africa, Metropolitan Archbishop of West Africa & Bishop of Liberia |
Jonathan Hart | 9 January 1953 | 2 March 2008 | 3 March 2019 |
[iii] | Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia |
The Bishop of Polynesia & Primate of New Zealand |
Fereimi Cama | [9] | 2 March 195510 March 2019 | 10 March 2019 |
31 | Church in the Province of the West Indies | The Archbishop of the West Indies & Bishop of Jamaica |
Howard Gregory | 17 May 2017 | 28 May 2019 | |
32 | Anglican Church of Canada | The Primate of Canada | Linda Nicholls | 2 February 2008 | 16 July 2019 | |
33 | Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East | The President Bishop and Primate of the Church in Jerusalem & Bishop in Cyprus and the Gulf |
Michael Lewis | 1953 (age 70–71) | 1999 | 17 November 2019 |
[iv] | Church of South India | The Moderator of the Church of South India & Bishop of South Kerala |
Dharmaraj Rasalam | [10] | 19 May 195623 July 2011[10] | 11 January 2020[11] |
34 | Church of Uganda | The Archbishop of Uganda & Bishop of Kampala |
Stephen Kaziimba | 15 August 1962 | 26 October 2008 | 1 March 2020 |
35 | Church of Nigeria | The Archbishop of Abuja & Primate of All Nigeria |
Henry Ndukuba | 18 July 1961 | September 1999 | 25 March 2020[12] |
36 | Anglican Church of Australia | The Primate of Australia & Archbishop of Adelaide |
Geoffrey Smith | 1958 or 1959 (age 64–65)[13] | 25 July 2007 | 7 April 2020[14] |
37 | Church of Ireland | The Archbishop of Armagh & Primate of All Ireland |
John McDowell | 1956 (age 67–68) | 23 September 2011[15] | 28 April 2020[16] |
38 | Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria | The Archbishop of Alexandria | Mouneer Anis | 8 April 1952 | 15 May 2000 | 29 June 2020[17] |
See also
Notes
- ^ The date the person was consecrated as an Anglican (or United Church) bishop.
- ^ The date the person became primate (usually by the confirmation of their election or by their installation, enthronement or investiture in office).
- ^ a b c Three bishops representing each of the three tikanga share the Primacy and the style of Archbishop.
- ^ a b c d The moderators of the Churches of Bangladesh, of North India, of Pakistan and of South India are not, strictly speaking, primates, but they nonetheless rank with and participate alongside the Communion's primates.
References
- ^ Anglican Communion – Primates' Meetings (Accessed 6 July 2013)
- ^ https://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/instruments-of-communion/primates-meeting/what-is-a-primate.aspx
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ a b James Murray, Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland (Cambridge University Press 2011 ISBN 978-0-52136994-7, pp. 41-43; MacGeoghegan, James, The History of Ireland, Ancient and Modern (1844), James Duffy, Dublin, p. 337
- ^ [1] (Accessed 24 April 2018)
- ^ [2] (Accessed 24 April 2018)
- ^ [3]
- ^ a b CSI Synod news — Consecration of the new bishop Rasalam (Accessed 20 February 2020)
- ^ Anglican Communion News Service, 13 January 2020 — New Moderator elected for the united Church of South India (Accessed 20 February 2020)
- ^ "Archbishop Henry Ndukuba installed as new Primate of the Church of Nigeria". Anglican Communion News Service. Anglican Communion Office. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ^ Gailberger, Jade (4 December 2016). "Our new Anglican Archbishop Geoffrey Smith lines up vision for future". The Advertiser. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- ^ "Archbishop Geoffrey Smith elected Primate of the Anglican Church of Australia". Anglican Communion News Service. Anglican Communion Office. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ^ [4]
- ^ [5]
- ^ "The Episcopal / Anglican Province of Alexandria officially inaugurated as 41st Province of the Anglican Communion". Anglican Communion News Service. Retrieved 2 July 2020.